2019-2020学年新外研版高中英语学案：必修1 UNIT 1 第一讲　句子成分.doc

1、第一讲句子成分一、主语、谓语温故考一考说出下列句子中画线部分的句子成分1Class begins at eight.答案：主语谓语2The_teachers are_having a meeting.答案：主语谓语3At five oclock, they left.答案：主语谓语4Put_up your hand if you have any questions.答案：谓语谓语5Smoking does harm to your health.答案：主语谓语6There is a_pen on the desk.答案：谓语主语7Who teaches you maths, Xiao Hua

2、?答案：主语谓语8This_story happened in London.答案：主语谓语9The_rich should_help the poor.答案：主语谓语10This weekend, some_of_us are_going_to_have a picnic with the teachers.答案：主语谓语知新讲一讲组成句子的各个部分叫句子成分。根据各个部分在句子中所起的作用分别称为主语、谓语、宾语、表语、定语、状语和补语。其中主语和谓语是句子的主体。1主语(Subject)：主语是句子的主体部分，是说明的对象，是动作的执行者或发出者。主语通常由名词、代词等充当(主语有时是动

3、作的承受者，这时谓语应用被动语态)。例如：The students are listening to me carefully.学生们在认真听我讲课。They want to learn English well.他们想学好英语。2谓语(Predicate)：谓语用来表示主语的状态或行为动作。(1)简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构成，不管是什么时态、语态、语气。例如：He practises running every morning.他每天早上练习跑步。Dont play in the street.不要在街上玩。He is doing his homework now.他现在正在做家庭作业

4、。(2)复合谓语：由情态动词或某些其他助动词加不带to的动词不定式构成。例如：You may keep the book for two weeks.这本书你可以借两周。He had to stay at home.他不得不待在家里。由系动词加表语构成。例如：We are students.我们是学生。温故知新练一练.指出下列句子中的主语和谓语(画线部分)1He has_become more and more interested in English.答案：主语谓语2The_living should_go_on_with his work.答案：主语谓语3He practises spe

5、aking English every morning.答案：主语谓语4The_child has_been_brought_up by his grandmother.答案：主语谓语5To_see is_to_believe.答案：主语谓语6It is_necessary to_help_him_out.答案：形式主语谓语真正主语7He looked_after the children carefully.答案：主语谓语8Four_plus_four is_eight.答案：主语谓语9He can_speak English very well.答案：主语谓语10Playing_footb

6、all in the street is_dangerous.答案：主语谓语.汉译英1他昨天下午到达海南。答案：Yesterday afternoon he reached Hainan.2我们经常在课堂上说英语。答案：We often speak English in class.3掌握一门外语是有必要的。答案：It is necessary to master a foreign language.4张教授是著名的科学家。答案：Professor Zhang is a famous scientist.5我们打算今晚去拜访他。答案：We are going to call on him t

7、onight.二、宾语、表语温故考一考说出下列句子中画线部分的句子成分1They visited an_exhibition yesterday.答案：宾语2The heavy rain prevented me from arriving_at_school_on_time.答案：宾语宾语3How many dictionaries do you have? I have five.答案：宾语宾语4I enjoy listening_to_pop_music.答案：宾语5She looks unhappy today.答案：表语6He often went hungry in the pas

8、t.答案：表语7His job is to_teach_English.答案：表语8Time is up. The class is over.答案：表语表语9He remained in_poor_health all those years.答案：表语10These apples taste sweet.答案：表语知新讲一讲1宾语(Object)：宾语表示动作的对象或承受者，一般位于及物动词(短语)或介词后面。例如：He is going to buy a dictionary.(动词的宾语)他打算买本词典。We should learn from him.我们应向他学习。(介词的宾语)宾

9、语种类：(1)双宾语：间接宾语直接宾语，间接宾语一般指人，直接宾语一般指物。例如：Lend me your dictionary, please.请把你的词典借给我用一用。(2)复合宾语：宾语宾补。例如：He asked me to come.他请我来的。2表语(Predicative)：表语用以说明主语的身份、特征或状态，它一般位于系动词(如be, become, get, look, grow, turn, seem等)之后。表语一般由名词、代词、形容词、动词的ing形式、不定式、介词短语、副词及从句充当。例如：Is it yours？那是你的吗？The books are interes

10、ting.这些书很有趣。I wasnt at home last night.昨晚我没在家。The weather has turned cold.天气已变冷。温故知新练一练.指出下列句子中的宾语和表语(画线部分)1His job is to_train_swimmers.答案：表语2He seems interested in the plan.答案：表语3He handed me the_newspaper.答案：间接宾语直接宾语4The war was over.答案：表语5The window is broken.答案：表语.汉译英1我的爱好是画画。答案：My hobby is pai

11、nting.2他好像知道真相。答案：He seems to know the truth.3他不喜欢这项工作。答案：He doesnt like the job.4我给你买了一些巧克力。答案：I have bought you some chocolate.5这工厂60%的工人是年轻人。答案：60% of the workers in this factory are young.三、定语、状语、补语温故考一考说出下列句子中画线部分的句子成分1China is a developing country, while America is a developed country.答案：定语定语2

12、He is reading an article about_how_to_learn_English.答案：定语3The boy who_is_shouting_there is her brother.答案：定语定语4Light travels most_quickly.答案：状语5He has lived in the city for_ten_years.答案：状语6He goes to school by_bus.答案：状语7In_order_to_catch_up_with_the_others,_I must work harder.答案：状语状语8Dont leave the

13、window open.答案：宾补9I heard him go_out.答案：宾补10His father named him Dong_Ming.答案：宾补知新讲一讲1定语：(Attribute)：定语起修饰限制名词或代词的作用。一般由形容词性物主代词、数词、形容词、介词短语、动词不定式、分词(短语)或句子充当。例如：Dalian is a beautiful city.大连是一个美丽的城市。The girl with glasses is diligent.戴眼镜的女孩很勤奋。The man standing there is our teacher.站在那里的那人是我们的老师。Is t

14、here any difference between spoken English and written English?英语口语和书面语之间有什么不同吗？I have a lot of homework to do.我有许多作业要做。2状语(Adverbial)：状语用于修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，说明动作或状态特征。可表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、方式、伴随、条件、程度、让步、频率等，一般由副词、介词短语、动词不定式，动词的ing形式或从句充当。例如：Im very pleased to see you.见到你我非常高兴。Ill be back in a while.我一会儿

15、就回来。We go home twice a month.我们每月回家两次。Being fat, he cant walk long.因为身体很胖，他走不了多远。He works hard every day to pass the exam.为了通过考试，他天天刻苦学习。3宾语补足语(Object Complement)：用来对宾语作补充说明，可由名词、形容词、副词、不定式、分词或介词短语等充当。例如：They painted their boat white.他们把船涂成白色。Let the fresh air in.让新鲜空气进来。You mustnt force him to lend

16、 his money to you.你绝不可强迫他借钱给你。We saw her entering the room.我们见她进入房间。We found everything in the lab in good order.我们发现实验室里的东西都井然有序。温故知新练一练.指出下列句子中画线部分的句子成分1He is a lovely boy.答案：定语2There are many women teachers in our school.答案：定语定语3Our monitor is always the first to_enter_the_classroom.答案：定语定语4He is

17、 playing there happily.答案：状语状语5I shall go there if_it_doesnt_rain.答案：状语状语6The story happened in_Beijing.答案：状语7He was so tired that_he_fell_asleep_immediately.答案：状语8His coming late made his teacher unhappy.答案：宾补9Please keep the dog out.答案：宾补10When he woke up, he found himself under_the_bed.答案：宾补.汉译英1我父母都是教师。答案：My parents are both teachers.2你为什么不买那个红色的呢？答案：Why dont you buy the red one?3我两周没回家了。答案：I havent been home for two weeks.4放学后，他发现他妈妈在校门口等着他。答案：After school, he found his mother waiting for him at the school gate.5小明通常步行去上学。答案：Xiao Ming usually goes to school on foot.