2019春高中英语人教版选修8练习：UNIT 3 INVENTORS AND INVENTIONS WORD版含解析.doc

1、Unit 3 Inventors and inventions导语谈起“发明”，我们脑中浮现的总是飞机、大炮、电脑等这些高科技产品。而下面的几个小发明虽然与高科技毫不沾边，但却同样能为我们的生活带来极大便利。Ideas for creating a small inventionA small invention can do big things when it comes to making a task easier to do.When looking for a small invention idea，start by checking your kitchen drawers a

2、nd cabinets.Is there something you need to help you in a task? Look in the bathroom and see if you can improve on the way something works.If you can create an item that does a job around the house, you have a small invention of your own.KitchenDinner plates have not changed in centuries except for t

3、he different materials used to make them.When you need to store leftover dinners，you usually wrap them in aluminum foil and plastic wrap.Dinner plate covers would save money and look much neater than the usual disposable covers.A spaghetti drainer flexible enough to fit inside a pot would be a tool

4、every cook would have in stock.You would be able to take the pasta out of the boiling water and drain it at the same time，saving the cook from picking up a heavy pot of boiling water.BathroomA bathroom toilet paper dispenser that has an extra roll ready will solve the problem of running out of the n

5、ecessary tissue paper.This can offer a rescue when your inconsiderate family member has emptied the toilet paper roll.词海拾贝1cabinet n贮藏柜，陈列柜2aluminum foil铝箔3drainer n过滤器4dispenser n自动取物器问题思考判断正误(T/F)。1Dinner plates have not changed in centuries.()2A spaghetti drainer can save the cook from picking up

6、 a heavy pot of boiling water.()答案：1.F2.T.为单词选择正确的释义1courtyardA直升机2perfume B鉴定；辨认；确定；身份证明3valid C清白的；无罪的；天真的4string D三角形；三角形物体5identification E有效的；确凿的6innocent F院子；庭院；天井7lantern G版本；译本8helicopter H线；绳子；一串9triangle I香水；香味10version J灯笼；提灯答案：1F2I3E4H5B6C7J8A9D10G.根据所给汉语提示写出单词1_ n专利证书；专利权2_ n产品3_ n粉末；火药

7、4_ n立方体；立方5_ vt.抓住；捉住；夺6_ n文件；档案；文件夹7_ adj.冰冻的；严寒的8_ vt.拨(电话)9_ vt.忍受；忍耐；负担10_ n额头答案：1.patent2.product3.powder4.cube5.seize6.file7.freezing8.dial9.bear10.forehead.根据英语释义写出单词1_：suddenly2_：very easy and suitable3_：tell the difference4_：kind and forgivable5_：without any stain6_：standard7_：not positive，

8、negative8_：happy，pleased9_：carefulness10_：strong hope or beliefs11_：small round mark12_：a light hit with your hand or fingers13_：full of or producing power and activity14_：firmly established or fixed; not likely to move or change15_：(cause to) join as friends or business partners16_：of the present t

9、ime；happening now17_：(an example of) the act of extending or being extended18_：effective or convenient in actual use19_：the ability to do something well or effectively答案：1.abruptly2.convenient3.distinguish4merciful5.stainless6.criterion7.passive8merry9.caution10.expectation11.dot12tap13.dynamic14.st

10、able15.associate16current17.extension18.practical19competence.选用正确短语的适当形式完成句子now and then；distinguish between.and.；set about；with caution；dive into；be associated with；get through；hang on；out of order；call up；ring back；set out；ring off1Sorry，I have to _Its time for me to go to work.2There is a sign o

11、ver there saying the lift is _，so well have no choice but to run up the stairs.3With face masks，air tanks and diving suits，men can _ deep water and be at home with the fish.4These concerns may _ strong feelings such as anger or shame.5Whats wrong with your telephone? I cant _ all the time.6After he

12、got in touch with the Red Cross，Mr Green _ to help these homeless women and children to a safe place.7Please _I will write down your telephone number and let him ring back later.8Hes not in; why dont you _ after 6 oclock?9Oh，my dear! Could you _ right _ wrong?10Dad always drives _，so he is recognize

13、d as one of the best drivers.11The picture _ him _ the time when he was brought up in the village.12As soon as my mother came home after work，she _ preparing dinner for us.13While giving the speech，Mr Li referred to his notebook _答案：1.ring off2.out of order3.dive into4be associated with5.get through

14、6.set out7hang on8.ring back9.distinguish betweenand10with caution11.calledup12.set about13now and then课文表层理解.判断正(T)误(F)1In this passage，the writer wanted to encourage the readers to consider carefully the problems in daily life.()2The writer was successful to catch the snakes in the second attempt.

15、()3An inventor can easily get the patent for the invention.()4If you have a scientific theory or mathematical model，you can get a patent.()5If your inventions pass the test，your application for a patent will be published 17 months from the date you apply.()答案：1.T2.F3.F4.F5.F.读课文，完成表格Why my mother wa

16、supsetMother was 1._Snakes came near the house 2._，and seemed to have made their home not far from the walnut tree.My first attemptI 3._ researching the habits of snakes to find the 4._ way to 5._ them.I decided to try cooling them，but failed.My second attemptI froze the bowl and icecubes again，but

17、6._ them where the snakes were living in the evening.The next morning the snakes were 7._，but still ableto bite.I failed again.My third attemptI repeated the second procedure，but this time I 8._ a small fishing net 9._ that the snakes would try to bite again.This time the snakes were passive.I colle

18、cted them，took them to the wild，and set them free.ResultI sent an 10._ to the Patent Office，wishing to patent my invention.答案：1.upset2.now and then3.set about4.easiest5.trap6.placed7.sleepy8.held9in the expectation10.application课文深层理解.主旨匹配Part 1(Para.1)AThe research on the approaches.Part 2(Paras.23

19、) BThe attempts to catch the snakes.Part 3(Paras.46) CThe requirements of getting a patent.Part 4(Paras.78) DThe discovery of the problems of snakes.答案：Part 1DPart 2APart 3BPart 4C.单项选择1The biggest advantage of the writers new idea is that _.Ait makes the snakes move slowlyBit makes the snakes hardl

20、y bite usCit is easier for us to kill the snakes without hurting ourselvesDit is easier for us to catch the snakes without killing them2How did the writer catch the snakes?ABy using something the snakes were interested in to attract them into a trap.BBy taking their habitat to another place.CBy plac

21、ing the snakes at a low temperature for them to sleep，thus catching them.DAll the above.3The writer was successful to catch the snakes in _attempt.Athe firstBthe secondCthe third Devery4What does “novel” mean in Line 44 of the passage?ALiterary works.BSignificant.CDifferent from anything known befor

22、e.DFresh.5From the text, we can learn that _Afriendship is easier lost than foundBa good book is the best of friends, the same today and foreverCgood medicine tastes bitterDnothing in the world is difficult for one who sets his mind to it答案：1.A2.C3.C4.C5.D.领会下列句子所用的句型并尝试译成汉语1The first thing I did wa

23、s to see if there were any products that might help me，but there only seemed to be powders designed to kill snakes._2Only after you have had that recognition can you say that you are truly an inventor._3The criteria are so strict that it is difficult to get new ideas accepted unless they are truly n

24、ovel._答案：1.我所做的第一件事就是看看有没有现成的产品能帮助我，但看来只有一种毒杀虫蛇的药粉。2只有获得了那种认证后，你才可以说是一个真正的发明家。3(评价)标准是很严格的；除非新的想法是很新颖的，否则很难被接受。.课文缩写When I 1._ my mother on the phone she was very upset，because some snakes came near her house 2._.I thought it was a chance for me to 3._ myself by inventing something 4._ that would ge

25、t rid of the snakes.I 5._ researching the habits of snakes to find the easiest way to trap them.Finally I decided on three possible 6._My first two attempts both failed，so I had to improve my design again.To my great delight，this time I succeeded.All was in 7._ and at last I collected the8._ snakes

26、and 9._ released them all back into the wild.Pressed by my friends and relations，I decided to 10._ the opportunity to get recognition for my successful idea by sending my invention tothe patent office.答案：1.called up2.now and then3.distinguish4merciful5.set about6.approaches7expectation8.passive9.mer

27、rily10.seize如何写求职信求职信属于应用文中的书信类。写作时，要注意书信的基本格式。首先，要注意开篇交代句、末尾总结句和常识性语句，提高文章的呼应性。开篇句往往交代得知消息的渠道，并表明求职心愿，如“Ive learned from the newspaper that you are employing a.and Im very interested in it.”。末尾句往往表达希望能很快收到答复的迫切愿望并表明感激之情，如“I would be very thankful if you would give me an early reply.”。第二，求职信往往需要介绍自己

28、的姓名、年龄、身高、健康状况、业余爱好、特长、工作态度及人际关系等。常见的短语有be in good health、be good at、be expert in、have rich working experience、enjoy doing sth.in ones spare time、be strict with、be kind to、get on well with等。此外，要防止遗漏要点。如果是针对广告招聘的求职信，应认真阅读广告，明确招聘要求，并对照自己的条件，逐一加以介绍，同时还要注上自己的通讯地址和联系方式。注意：1.篇幅不宜太长，要简明扼要；2态度要诚恳，实事求是；3所展示的

29、信息要精炼且有针对性；4语气要客气、礼貌；5可用各种时态，通常用一般现在时和一般过去时。常用句型1开头，说明写求职信的缘由与动机。I would like to apply to become a(n).in your company.In todays newspaper I noticed your advertisement for.Im writing this letter to apply for.2正文，介绍个人情况。I graduated from.I am majoring in./My major is.I am experienced in./I have experie

30、nce of.I have had four years experience in my present post as.I believe that both my education and experience are directly related to your requirements.3结尾，表达你希望早日得到回音并提供你的联系方式。I hope to have the pleasure of an interview.I would appreciate your call at.I hope that you will give my application carefu

31、l attention.An early reply would be appreciated.Thank you.I would be most grateful if my request receives your favourable consideration.阅读下面一则广告，按照要求完成写作任务。EIL International English Summer CampVolunteer WantedEIL was founded in Britain in 1936 with the fundamental aim of international understanding

32、“Learn to live together by living together.”Requirements：Over 16；good knowledge of English; outgoing；working well with children between 712Activities：Language study，outdoor recreation and travelCampers：Students from different countriesCampsite: Mount Wuyi，FujianTime：July 26August 9Application deadli

33、ne: July 15，2019If interested，please email to info eiuk.org.假如你是李华，这则广告引起了你的兴趣，请用英文写一封求职信。要点如下：1对夏令营主题的理解。2根据招聘要求进行自我介绍。3参加夏令营的目的。注意：1.信的开头和结尾已为你写好，不计入总数；2词数：100左右。Dear Sir，Im Li Hua from Guangdong._Im looking forward to your early reply.Sincerely yours，Li Hua写作要点1第一段表明对这个活动的了解。2第二段阐明自己的优势。3第三段结束语。范

34、文点评范文点评Dear Sir，Im Li Hua from GuangdongWhen I was reading the advertisement，the aim of this activity impressed me greatlyI think it instructive to learn to live together by living togetherIt is a good opportunity for the only child like me to learn to share and work togetherTherefore，I recommend my

35、self to you without hesitationAs a boy_of_17，I am outgoing，good at English and have experience of working well with children aged from 7 to 12I think it is a kind of winwin activity.For one thing，I can help take care of the children.For another，I can improve my English，make more friends and enrich m

36、y life during the summer vacation.If further information about my qualification is needed，please feel free to let me know.I am looking forward to your early replySincerely yours，Li Hua这是一封自荐信，格式标准，内容简洁明了，用词精练、恰到好处，写出了自己的优点，语气诚恳。开篇简要介绍自己。表现出对夏令营的向往。点明写信目的。详细介绍自己。最后写出希望假设你是李华，即将从浙江大学毕业，从人才周刊上看到了某公司的招聘

37、广告，请根据以下内容用英语写一封100词左右的申请信。内容如下：1即将毕业，主修国际贸易；2通过了大学英语六级考试，擅长文字处理；3热情乐观，容易相处。参考词汇：人才周刊Talent Weekly；秘书secretary；大学英语六级考试CET 6。_答案：Dear Sir/Madam，I would like to apply for the position of secretary advertised on Talent Weekly.I will graduate from Zhejiang University，where I major in International Trad

38、e.Apart from courses in my major, I have learned English hard and passed the CET 6 in June 2018.Whats more, I am good at word processing, equipping me to do well in the position.As for my character, Im enthusiastic and optimistic, which makes me get on well with my classmates.If you give me a chance

39、，I will try my best to do my duty and I am looking forward to receiving your early reply.Sincerely yours，Li HuaA级基础过关.单句语法填空在句中空白处填上适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。1The two teachers have different _ (expect) of their students.2She was awarded an honorary degree in _ (recognize) of her work in the community.3

40、I want Allah to be_(mercy) to me and accept my soul.4My friend gave me a set of _ (stain) knives and forks.5They sang and danced _ (merry) in the street after they won the football match last night.6You should distinguish facts_rumours.7Can I speak to Mr Li，please?Hang _Hes in the next door and Ill

41、call him for you.8Only in this seaside resort can you enjoy all the comfort and _ (convenient) of modern tourism.9While _ (stay) in Italy，he made a few good friends.10He set about _ (work) directly he arrived at the office.答案：1.expectations2.recognition3.merciful4stainless5.merrily6.from7.on8.conven

42、ience9staying10.working.话题微写作将下列句子翻译成英语并连成一段意义完整、语言流畅的小短文(80词左右)。1李平决定开始努力学习英语。(set out)2首先，他着手研究与电话有关的词语。(set about；associate.with)3他想弄清楚怎样区分“hang on”和“ring off”。(distinguish.from)4昨天他打电话给老师，却打不通。(call up；get through)5他的电话偶尔出毛病。(now and then；out of order)6所以他自己查词典弄清楚了它们的区别。(tell the difference betw

43、een.)7通过这件事他得出一个结论：抓住每个可以学习英语的机会，他一定会学好它的。(seize)_答案：Li Ping decided to set out to study English hard.To begin with，he set about doing a research on the expressions associated with the phone.He wanted to make clear how to distinguish “hang on”from“ring off”，so he called up his teacher yesterday.Howe

44、ver，he couldnt get through because his phone was out of order now and then.So he looked them up in the dictionary to tell the difference between them.He drew a conclusion from this matter that if he seized every opportunity to learn English，he was sure to learn it well.B级能力提升.阅读理解阅读下面短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A

45、、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项。As the name implies, “green technology” is the one that has a “green” purpose.The “green” here does not mean the color.However, it means the long and short term influence an invention has on the environment.Green inventions are environmentally friendly inventions that often involve e

46、nergy efficiency, recycling, safety and health concerns, renewable resources, and more.One of the best known examples of green technology would be the solar cell.A solar cell directly changes the energy in light into electrical energy through the process of photovoltaics(光伏发电)Producing electricity f

47、rom solar energy means less consumption of fossil fuels, reducing pollution and greenhouse gas emissions.Another simple invention that can be considered green is the reusable water bottle.Drinking lots of water is healthy.Reducing plastic waste is great for the environment.Therefore, popular reusabl

48、e water bottles are healthpromoting, ecofriendly, and green.The world has a fixed amount of natural resources，some of which are already used up or ruined.For example, household batteries and electronics often contain dangerous chemicals that can pollute the groundwater after disposal, polluting our

49、soil and water with chemicals that cannot be removed from the drinking water supply and the food crops grown on polluted soil.The risks to human health are great.Inventors should know that green inventions and clean technologies are good business.These are fast growing markets with growing profits.C

50、onsumers should know that buying green inventions can reduce their energy bill and that green inventions are often safer and healthier products.语篇解读本文主要介绍了绿色环保发明创造的益处。1The first paragraph is mainly developed by _Amaking a comparisonBgiving an exampleCgiving an explanationDfollowing time order解析：推理判断

51、题。第一段主要介绍了什么是绿色发明，主要通过下定义及解释的手法组织第一段。答案：C 2The advantages of producing electricity from solar energy may NOT include _Afossil fuels are less usedBless greenhouse gas is given outCpollution is decreasedDit can meet the needs of the whole country解析：细节理解题。根据第二段“Producing electricity from solar energy m

52、eans less consumption of fossil fuels, reducing pollution and greenhouse gas emissions.”可知太阳能发电可以减少对化石燃料的消耗，减少污染和温室气体的排放。答案：D3The second paragraph suggests that _Adrinking plenty of water is good for your healthBthe plastic bottle is a pollutant for the environmentCthe reusable water bottles are gre

53、en in colorDthe reusable water bottles can refill themselves解析：细节理解题。根据第二段“Reducing plastic waste is great for the environment.”可知减少塑料废物对环境是好的，由此可知装水的塑料瓶对环境是一种污染。答案：B4The purpose of the last two paragraphs is to_Acall on people to prefer green productsBteach people how to protect environment Cshow t

54、he advantages of producing green productsDlist some green inventions for consumers 解析：推理判断题。最后两段分别给出了发明者发明绿色产品和消费者消费绿色产品的理由，所以目的是号召人们选择绿色产品。答案：A.七选五根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。My father used to be an amateur wrestler and national champion.He was forced by his father to give up the sport

55、 in order to obtain gainful employment, which meant he wouldnt be able to win a medal for our country.Therefore, he made a vow that his unborn son would realize his unfinished dream._1_ He was about to give up hope when one day, my younger sister Babita and I beat up two boys accidentally in respons

56、e to critical comments.My dad found our potential to become wrestlers and began coaching us._2_We were required to do physical training early in the morning and have short haircuts to avoid lice.3_ We complained about him all the time.Gradually, I realized that he wanted us to have a good future and

57、 not grow up to be ordinary housewives.Motivated, we willingly participated in his coaching.With great efforts, he made us competitive wrestlers and I won junior and senior championships, providing me with a chance to gain training in the National Sports Academy, where pride and agony fulfilled my m

58、ind._4_ As a result, I found myself losing every match at the international level.After that, I turned to him for help.Then he coached me patiently.Despite difficulty, I finally became the first Indian female wrestler to qualify for the Olympics, inspiring dozens of Indian women to take to wrestling

59、.Even now, Papas words are still in my mind，“Geeta，think about all the girls who are thought to be inferior to boys，girls who are forced to do chores，girls who are married and have children.Not only will you compete with other countries, but also with those who look down upon women！” I will never fo

60、rget about Fathers instruction._5_ABut his methods were cruel.BI almost abandoned what Papa had taught me.CDisappointingly, my mother gave birth to all girls.DMy sister and I tried to escape.EI will always owe all success to him.FAt first, my sister and I did not understand our father.GHowever，my mo

61、ther didnt agree with him.答案：1.C2.A3.F4.B5.E.完形填空阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。One Sunday, a mother took her son and little daughter to watch a circus.In the_1_of the circus, the little girl, Jenny, fell_2_in her mothers lap.The brother, Jack, who was six, stayed awake, and _3_the la

62、tter half with his mother.When it was over, the mother_4_Jenny in her arms and carried her to the bus station.It was _5_that night, so she took off her scarf and gently _6_Jennys head with it.When they arrived home, the mother_7_carried Jenny into the bedroom and_8_her to sleep.After Jack had change

63、d his clothes, his mother lay down next to him to talk about the evening together._9_， when the mother asked what he liked most, there was no _10_on his part.She was a little_11_He used to speak nonstop whenever something exciting happened.She was_12_that something was wrong: he had been so_13_on th

64、e way home and while getting ready for bed.She_14_hearing nothing from him.Suddenly Jack_15_on his side, facing the wall.She _16_why and got up to see his eyes welling up with tears.“What is_17_，honey？” He turned back.She could sense he was feeling some_18_for the tears although he wiped away the te

65、ars right away.“Mom, if I were cold, would you put your scarf around me, too? ”Of all the_19_of that special evening out together, the most important for Jack was a little_20_of affectiona momentary, unconscious showing of her love to his little sister.In relationships, little things matter the most

66、.语篇解读妈妈带Jenny和Jack去看马戏。在那个特殊的夜晚，他们共同经历的事情中，对Jack来说最重要的是妈妈对妹妹的一个充满爱心的小小的举动。1A.beginningBmiddleCend Dcourse解析：根据下文的the latter half可知，Jenny是在马戏表演到一半时睡着的。答案：B2. Atired BsickCasleep Dbored解析：根据下文的stayed awake可判断，Jack醒着，而Jenny却睡着了。答案：C3A.waited BheardCperformed Denjoyed解析：Jack和妈妈一起欣赏后半部分的演出。the latter hal

67、f“后半部分”。答案：D4A.took up Bpicked upCwoke up Dheld up解析：演出结束，妈妈把Jenny抱起来，抱到汽车站。pick up“抱起”。答案：B5A.dark BcloudyCrainy Dfreezing解析：根据妈妈的举动以及“Mom, if I were cold”可判断，此处是指“那天晚上很冷”。freezing“极冷的”。答案：D6A.covered BshookCknocked Dturned解析：天气很冷，妈妈把自己的围巾摘下来，盖住Jenny的头。答案：A7A.second BnextCfirst Dlast解析：一到家妈妈首先把女儿抱到

68、卧室里。答案：C8A.begged BforcedCput Dencouraged解析：这里指妈妈把Jenny抱到卧室后，让她入睡。put sb to sleep“让某人入睡”。答案：C9A.Therefore BFinallyCInstead DHowever解析：妈妈躺在Jack旁边和他谈论看过的马戏表演，然而，当妈妈问他最喜欢哪一部分时，Jack没有回应。答案：D10A.surprise Bresponse Cpleasure Dimpression解析：和以往的speak nonstop相反，儿子不说话，没有回答妈妈的问题。答案：B11A.polite BdishonestCrude

69、Ddisappointed解析：根据下文的“something was wrong”可判断， 儿子不回答自己的问题，这让妈妈感到“失望(disappointed)”。答案：D12A.satisfied BconvincedCamazed Djudged解析：看到儿子的这种异常反应，妈妈“确信”出了什么问题。be convinced“确信”。答案：B13A.relaxed BstillCquiet Dsad解析：在回家的路上和准备睡觉的时候，儿子都非常安静，不说话。答案：C14A.regretted BrememberedCforgot Dappreciated解析：妈妈记得没有听到过儿子说话。

70、答案：B15A.turned over Bturned upCtook over Dlooked over解析：根据前面的“his mother lay down next to him to talk about the evening together”可知，此刻母子俩躺在床上，现在儿子转了个身，面向墙。答案：A16A.realized BexplainedClearned Dwondered解析：这时妈妈想知道为什么，因此起身，却发现儿子的眼里满是泪水。答案：D17A.on BupCabout Dover解析：What is up? “出了什么事？”一般指不好的事情。Whats on? “正在上演什么？”答案：B18A.danger BtimeCembarrassment Dexperience解析：尽管Jack立刻把泪水擦掉，妈妈还是感到了他对自己的哭泣感到有些尴尬。答案：C19A.people BprocessesCperformances Devents解析：由上下文语境可知，此处表示“在那个特殊夜晚发生的所有事情中”。event“事件”。答案：D20A.movement BsupportCact Dbehavior解析：在那个特殊的夜晚，他们共同经历的事情中，对Jack来说最重要的是妈妈对妹妹的一个充满爱心的小小的举动。答案：C