初中英语【语法填空】考点和答题技巧.docx

1、语法填空是一种中考英语题型，这种题型能全面检测学生在英语词汇、语法，甚至是句法上的运用能力，能更科学地反映学生的英语综合水平。本题型分两种情况：一种为已给单词提示，一种为不给单词提示。已给单词提示题型答题技巧此类题可以考查学生对单词形式变化的掌握程度。单词形式变化主要有两种，一是词的形、数、式的变化，一是词的派生变化。在判断出词的变化之后还应该进一步审题，看是否需要使用复合的变化形式，这一点是很重要的。技巧一：名词形式变化名词的形式变化主要有单数、复数、所有格的变化。例：There are many students living at school，the(child) houses are

2、 all far from school由 students 一词可判断出横线处应填复数，且作为 houses 的定语，所以应用其所有格形式，故答案为 child 的复合变化形式 复数的所有格 childrens。技巧二：动词形式变化动词的形式变化比较多，有谓语的变化(时态、语态、语气)，有非谓语的变化(不定式、动名词、现在分词、过去分词)。例：A talk(give) tomorrow is written by Professor Zhang.句中的 is written 是整句的谓语，所以横线所在的动词应当用作非谓语。从 tomorrow 可以看出，报告是“将来”作的，故用不定式；且报告

3、是give动作的承受者，故可以判断出横线所在处用give的不定式被动式to be given。代词形式变化通常是与人称变化有关的三大类五小类，即人称代词(主格和宾格)、物主代词(形容词性和名词性)、反身代词。另外还有几个不定代词的形式变化，如no onenone、otheranother等。例：The king decided to see the painter by(he) 由介词 by 可以看出，横线处应填反身代词 himself。技巧四：形容词、副词比较级变化英语中大部分形容词和表方式的副词都有原级、比较级和最高级的变化。构成比较级和最高级的方式，或通过加后缀一er和est，或在词前I

4、moreless和mostleast，且形容词的最高级还要冠以the。例：I am (tall)than Liu WenHe is the tallest students in my class此题后句交代了Liu Wen是班上最高的学生，那“我”肯定比他矮，所以不能用taller，只能用表示程度不如的 “less tall”。技巧五：数词形式变化数词的形式变化包括基数词、序数词，或加后缀一teen、ty的变化，甚至还有作分母用的序数词的单复数形式，以及onetwo的特殊变化形式 oncetwice例：To my three sons I leave my seventeen horsesM

5、y eldest son shall take a half，my second son shall take a (three) .从上下文连续起来理解，这是一个分马的计划，大儿子分得a half，也就是“一半”或“二分之一”，那么二儿子应该得“三分之一”，所以要填入作分母的序数词“third”才能命中目标。技巧六：词的派生词的派生现象在英语单词中是很常见的，派生现象主要发生在名词、动词、形容词、副词四种词中。这种题型还有可能检测学生对词根、前后缀、派生词的掌握。例：Lious lost his wallet yesterday，So he was very (happiness)在这道题中

6、，学生很容易判断出该用形容词；钱包丢了，人应该是不开心的，所以要再加个前缀un，就成了unhappy。未给出单词提示题型答题技巧技巧七：固定短语结构此类题难度较大，但也是有方法对付的。根据句中横线前后及整句来判断横线前后是否构成一个固定短语，但有时要对横线前或后的几个单词“视而不见”才能命中答案。例1：The children were playing on the ground，enjoying _，dirty but happy.从句中的happy可以 猜出孩子们是开心的，所以应用enj0y oneself短语，故其答案为themselves。例2：His boss was _ angry

7、 as to fire him如果“跳过”横线后面的angry，就可以发现这里用到一个关联短语so.as to.，所以，so是正解。技巧八：从句引导词从句是此题型最为常见的一个方向，主要检测学生对引导词的掌握程度。例1：He did not done_his father had asked him to do审题可知，横线所在为宾语从句的引导词，此引导词在从旬中充当宾语，且指物，所以是what。例2：Those _ want to go to the village must sign here经过观察可以判断横线所在为定语从句的引导词，进一步观察可知先行词为those，且指人，所以只能填入

8、who，在定语从句中做主语。技巧九：短语动词结构短语动词是以动词为中心的两个或多个词构成的短语，此类短语中往往是动词与介词或副词连用的多些。例1：The USA consists _ fifty states根据常识可知，美国由50个州组成，故横线处与前一词组合，表示“由.组成”，所以答案是of。例2：Mrs Baker was ill，so her daughter had to ask forleave to take _ of her生病需要人照顾，所以答案是care，与前后词构成take care of。技巧十：短语介词结构短语介词即多个词的组合。起介词作用的短语，如：except f

9、or，due to等。例1：Mr Smith took a plane to London _ of taking a train.此题中说到两种交通工具，所以可以理解此句有“坐而不是坐”的意思，故答案为 instead，以构成介词短语 instead of。例2：Just then，he saw a blackboard in_ of him.细心观察，可以看出填人 front 即可构成 in front of，此题得解。技巧十一：连词、关联短语结构常用的连词有and，or，but，so，for，while等，常用的关联短语有bothand.，eitheror.，neithernor.，no

10、t onlybut also.等。例1：Little Wang Jun could not go to school，_ his family was too poor此处表示原因，引导的分句其实是一种解释说明，不是必然的因果关系，且前面有逗号隔开，所以填for。例2：_ Marrie and Jannie like going to the theatre横线处的词与后面可以构成both and，故答案为Both。技巧十二：冠词、介词和常用的副词冠词只能是在a，an，the之间判断；常用的介词有in，at，on，before，during等，通常考查固定搭配；副词的量还是比较多，如：howe

11、ver，never，yet，much等。例1：Jackie likes to drive at _ high speed这里考查的是不定冠词的习惯用法，答案为a，构成at a high speed，“以高速”开车。例2：Old Toms granddaughter used to visit him _ Saturday afternoonSaturday afternoon是指定的某天下午，所以不用介词in，而用on才是正解。例3：Though Liu Qiang did the same work _ Zhang Wen did，he got a lower pay _ Zhang Wen

12、.第一条横线可由前面的the same断出用as，第二条横线则可由lower断出比较意义，故答案为than。例4：It was only one day left，_，his father had no idea to answer him观察上下句，可以看出是转折关系，且横线与前后用逗号隔开，排除but，所以答案是however。技巧十三：上下文中出现的相关词这一招是最为灵活的，但也是最难的。学生可以根据上下文关系和自己积累的知识，填入某个已出现的词，或其反义词，或其同类的某个词。答案的线索可能在本句，可能出现在上下相连的一句，还可能出现在比较远的地方上下段中与此段位置大体相当的句子。如果该

13、横线出现在某段的首句，则线索可能在上下段的首句；如果横线出现在某段的末句，则线索可能在上下段的末句，以此类推。例：Tony _ travelling abroad，but dislikes staying home watching TV由第二句话中的dislikes可以判断，此横线处应该是填其反义词likes。完形填空题型考点分析 1. 注意前后语境考查考生根据上下文提供的信息进行分析及推理的能力。中考完形填空题中绝大多数属这种题型。有的根据上文、有的根据下文、有的要上下文结合，甚至通篇看完并理解才能作出正确的选择。请看的一个小题（题中保留了原题中的题号，下同）：As a matter of

14、 fact, Ive got someone in the office at this very moment who might49. She wrote down a number, and held it out to me, saying: Ring up this lady. She wants a cook immediately. In fact, you would have to start tomorrow by cooking a dinner for ten people.49. A. hire B. accept C. suit D. offer【分析】根据下文，这

15、个妇女告诉他第二天可以去上班了，可见，她认为作者是适合(suit)的。2. 注意行文逻辑考查考生对上下文逻辑关系的理解，如转折关系、让步关系、因果关系、递进关系、增补关系、比较关系、对比关系等。四个选项都是表示文章的起承转合、上下连贯等逻辑关系的词语。请看下面的一个小题：Once he42sang a song in class in order to make a point clear.42. A. also B. nearly C. even D. only分析】从上下文看为了使教学有趣易懂，这位教授不仅仅会借助oil paintings, music, and guest lectur

16、es等方式，“甚至”(even)在课堂上还唱歌，属递进关系。3. 注意经验常识考查考生在日常的学习和生活中所积累的经验和基本常识，以及一些基本的科学常识。请看下面北京卷中的一个小题：But we run so much that, afterwards, we had trouble 45.A. speaking B. moving C. sleeping D. breathing【分析】跑得太多，其结果当然是上气不接下气，即呼吸(breathing)困难了，我们一般都会有这样的生活经历。4. 注意文章结构考查考生对文章脉络层次的把握能力。请看下面的一个小题：First of all, I r

17、espected his devotion to teaching43, I admired the fact that he would talk to students outside the classroom or talkFinally, I was attracted by his lively sense of humor.43. A Later B. Secondly C. however D. Therefore【分析】本文的写作结构很清楚：开篇点题难忘的哲学教授；诸条陈述何以难忘：前有First of all提起, 后有Finally落脚，那么中间只有用Secondly来过

18、渡了。5. 注意逻辑推理考查考生根据文意和所掌握的知识经验进行简单的逻辑推理来确定选项的能力。请看下面的一个小题：He was reading my words out loud to the classthe whole class was laughing with open-hearted enjoyment. I did my best not to show53, but what I was feeling was pure happiness53. A. shock B. wonder C. worry D. pleasure【分析】一个学生的作品被老师选中且在班上宣读时该会是怎

19、样的心情? 那当然是“愉快”啦！6.通过主旨大意解题在完形填空题中，理解主旨大意十分重要，正确把握主旨大意有助于考生对文章细节的正确理解，特别是长难句的分析和突破可以帮助考生提高解题的正确率。完形填空题的第一句往往不设空，这句话一般是文章的主题句，考生在解题时一定不要忽略首句的内容。【典例】As a general rule, all forms of activity lead to boredom when they are performed on a routine(常规) basis. As a matter of fact, we can see this41atwork in p

20、eople of all42(ages)41A. principle B. Habit C. way D. power【分析】A根据首句信息可知，这里是指”当各种活动变成常规的时候都会让人厌倦”这个准则。principle”原则，准则”；habit”习惯”；way”方式”；power”权力”。由首句的信息再结合选项可知，A选项正确。7.通过复现词解题这类题多为同义词、近义词和反义词的复现或同义词、近义词和反义词的异形的复现。这类试题主要是考查考生的整体篇章意识和对上下文的推断能力。【典例】In particular, there was (and perhaps still is) a bel

21、ief in fairies. Not all of these1are the friendly, peopleloving characters that appear in Disney films, and in some folk tales they are 2 and cause much human suffering.1A. babies B. Beliefs C. fairies D. supermen2A. powerful B. Cruel C. frightened D. extraordinary【分析】1.C根据空前的”a belief in fairies”可知

22、，此处选C。属于原词的复现。 2B根据空格后的”suffering”可知，此处选B。属于异形近义词的复现。8.通过瞻前信息解题该解法要求重点联系空前的信息。这种情况多出现在文章展开之后，这时前文已经含有丰富的语境信息，它们可能和后面的设空处有逻辑的或语境的联系，这样空前的信息就成为解题的根据。解题时一定要善于捕捉这些重要的信息。【典例】Thats especially impressive,1 (since) she is legally blind, born with a rare condition that causes her eyes to shift constantly. Sh

23、e often sees double and cant2(tell) how far away things are.When she was little, her mom 3 (noticed) that even though she couldnt see 4， she was fearless.4A. deeply B. Well C. ahead D. closely【分析】B根据上文中的”she is legally blind”和”She often sees double and cant 2 (tell) how far away things are”可知，她的视力不好

24、。9.通过顾后信息解题完形填空在命题的过程中，上下文情节的发展都会有这样或那样的关系，这些关系是选择正确选项的重要根据，考生需要依据空格后的相关信息，做出正确的选择。【典例】For example, on Christmas morning, children are excited about43 (playing) with their new toys. But their 44 soon wears off and by January those45(same) toys can be found put away in the basement.44A. confidence B.

25、 interest C. anxiety D. sorrow【分析】B confidence”信心”；interest”兴趣”；anxiety”焦虑”；sorrow”悲伤”。根据空格后的”those _45(same)_ toys.in the basement”可知，那些他们曾经很喜欢的玩具都被放在地下室里了。故此处表示他们对新玩具的兴趣逐渐消失了。10.通过逻辑关系解题逻辑连接词在文中起着衔接与连贯的重要作用，可以表达文中的因果、转折等逻辑关系。这种题型是高考中的难点，因为它需要考生有较强的逻辑判断能力以及对文章的整体把握能力。【典例】All went well that first we

26、ek. When Saturday night came, I was luckily given the tables not far from the kitchen. 1， I still felt it a little hard to carry the heavy trays.1A. Therefore B. However C. Otherwise D. Finally【分析】B根据空格前的”luckily”和空格后的”I still felt it a little hard”可知，前后为转折关系。therefore”因此”；however”然而”；otherwise”否则”；

27、finally”最后”。根据语境可知选B项。11.通过固定搭配解题在英语学习中，掌握词组和短语的用法十分重要。高考完形填空的命题中，通常会涉及固定短语的搭配，如动词短语、介词短语等，考生需要运用所学词汇知识，结合综合语用能力对相关试题进行突破。【典例】But Charlotte had been practising without a licence. She had34a doctors licence in both Montreal and Winnipeg.34A. put away B. taken over C. turned in D. applied for【分析】D据第一句

28、Charlotte的诊所一直是无证营业可知，此处表示她一直在申请(applied for)行医执照。put away”将收起，把放回原处”，take over”接管”，turn in”上交”，均不符合语境。12.通过生活常识解题完形填空题所选的文章多是具有一定故事情节和教育意义的记叙文，这些文章都贴近考生的生活，这样就会涉及对生活常识的考查，所以在解题时，考生需要根据生活常识选出答案。【典例】They were strong and cold, rocking our little camping truck violently, and we lay 43 in the dark until

29、 the winds died away.43A. shaking B. Quarrelling C. mourning D. aching【分析】A根据语境可知，此处表示作者一家人在车上躺着，随着卡车在晃动，因此选A表示”摇动，(使)颤动”。13.通过语法分析解题对语法基础知识的考查也是完形填空题的重要命题角度。对于这种题，要有针对性地对语法结构、句式特点、句子成分等进行分析，从而迅速解决问题。【典例】 1 do you suppose he asked for them?1A. What B. How C. Who D. Which【分析】B本题中，do you suppose为插入成分。

30、he asked for them是一个相对独立和完整的句子，因此空格处应该用副词How来修饰谓语动词asked，而不能用代词What, Who或Which。14.中考真题实例Whenever the exam season comes, stress(焦虑) may come along. Here are some 1._that have helped me and my friends through this season. When the stress of exams is really hitting me, I stop and take a walk. I usually

31、 borrow my neighbors dog and 2._ for about fifteen minutes. Many boys would simply choose to run for a while, or play ball games. Having some3._drives away your stress easily most of the time. And 4._ you find music helpful, give it a go. Listening to your favorite songs will surely make you 5._ The

32、 best thing about this is that you dont have to go 6 ._.But if you are a book lover just like me,7._a book you like for half an hour. Reading can take you to places youve 8._been. Putting yourself into a new world helps you forget your stress in this world for a little bit. For sure, theres nothing

33、better than laughing. Laughing is the best medicine. It can really keep 9._off your mind! Very often I call my best friend and we 10._our good times or something funny, and Im feeling better before I know it. Remember many others also face the problem of stress just like you, and it is not something

34、 that cannot be dealt with. 本文是一篇说明文。文章给出了一些处理焦虑的方法,做运动,听音乐,读书,大笑等。1. A. ways B. reasons C. habits D. results辨词义：由下文可知句意: 这里有一些方式帮助我和朋友通过这一(考试)季。way意为“方法”。故选A。2. A. walk B. jump C. stand D. sit寻信息：由上句中的“I stop and take a walk”可知,本句表示“步行15分钟”,故选A。3. A. jokes B. sports C. tasks D. lessons寻信息：上文提到散步、跑步

35、、打球,可知都属于运动范畴。故选B。4. A. before B. until C. since D. if找逻辑：前半句是后半句的条件,即如果你发现音乐有用,就试一下。故选D。5. A. lovely B. friendly C. happy D. sleepy找逻辑：由文章开头句中的stress可推断句意: 听你最喜欢的歌曲确实使你开心。故选C。6. A. somewhere B. everywhere C. anywhere D. nowhere找搭配：句意: 最好的事情是你不必去任何地方。anywhere用于否定句,故选C。7. A. copy B. write C. print D.

36、 read寻信息：根据下句“Reading can take you to places”,可知本句建议你去读书。故选D。8. A. ever B. never C. seldom D. always辨词义：根据下句中的“a new world”可知句意: 阅读能够带你去你从没去过的地方。never意为“从不”,故选B。9. A. worry B. pity C. surprise D. pain找逻辑：本文主要是应对“焦虑”的方法,故本句应选stress的同义词。故选A。10. A. think about B. talk about C. care about D. hear about找逻辑：由前后句信息,可知句意: 我经常给我最好的朋友打电话,我们谈论我们美好的时光或者一些有趣的事情。talk about意为“谈论”。故选B。