吉林省吉林市第一中学校高中英语 Unit4 Astronomy the science of the stars Section I Warming up and Reading练习 新人教版必修3.doc

1、Unit 4 Astronomy: the science of the starsSection I Warming up and Reading 一、课前预习 I. 词义配对 1. violent A. one thousand million2. unlike B. the scientific study of the sun, moon, stars , planets etc.3. fundamental C. very strong and sudden4. chain D. the belief in the existence of a god 5. billion E. m

2、ake sth. increase very much in number or amount6. religion F. to be real, to be present in a place or situation7. astronomy G. different from a particular person or thing8. multiply H. a series of connected things or people9. puzzle I. make sb. feel confused10. exist J. central, forming the necessar

3、y basis of sth. II重点短语 1. 绕太阳转 _ 2. 广泛接受的理论 _ 3. 一团灰尘 _ 4. 是生命发展的基础 _5. 连锁反应_6. 产生、分娩 _ 7. 下蛋 _ 8. 轮到某人 _ 9. 阻止、制止 _ 10. 生命的起源 _III重点句型1. No one knows exactly how the earth began , _ _ _ so long ago.没有人确切知道地球是怎样开始的，正如同很久以前所发生的一样。2. For several billion years after the “Big Bang” , the earth was still

4、 just _ _ _ _. 在“大爆炸”之后的几十亿年，地球仍仅仅是一团灰尘。3. Water had also appeared on other planets like Mars but _ _ _ , it had disappeared later. 水也出现在像火星一样的其他行星上，但是不像在地球那样，它后来消失了。4. Thus they have, _ _ _, become the most important animals on the planet. 因此，又轮到它们成为行星上最重要的动物。5.They are putting too much carbon diox

5、ide into the atmosphere, which _ _ _ _ _ the earth into space. 他们给大气层投放太多的二氧化碳，阻止了热量从地球上升到太空之中。二、重难点剖析1. No one knows exactly how the earth began, as it happened so long ago. 没有人确切知道地球是如何开始的，正如同很久以前所发生的一样。本句是一个复杂的主从复合句。主句中包含how引导的宾语从句和由as引导的方式状语从句 。(1) as 引导方式状语从句，译为：“按照;如同” Do in Rome as the Romans

6、 do. 入乡随俗。 He is a good boy and he always act as his mother tells him to. 这个男孩是个好孩子，总是按照妈妈告诉他做的做。(2) as 还可引导定语从句，译为：“正如”, “像”, 引导限制性定语从句时，必须与so, such, as, the same 连用；引导非限制性定语从句时，所指代的不是其前的某个名词或代词，而是这个句子，或者句子的一部分内容。As在定于从句中，充当主语、宾语、表语。 He is not such a fool as he looks. 他不像他表面看起来那样傻。 As everybody kno

7、ws, the earth circles around the sun. 人人皆知，地球绕太阳转。(3) as 还可引导其他从句，如：时间状语从句，译为：“随着”; 原因状语从句，译为：“因为”As time goes on, he grows wiser and wiser. 随着时间的流逝，他越来越聪明。 As he didnt get ready for that, we went without him. 由于他未能做好准备，我们没等他就走了。(4) as 引导让步状语从句，译为：“尽管”Old as that man is, he is as energetic and activ

8、e as young men. 那位先生虽年岁很大，却和年轻人一样有活力，精力旺盛。归纳总结： as 引导定语从句，限制性和非限制性均可，但特别注意在所引导的非限制性定于从句中，所指代的是这个句子或者句子的一部分内容，可以放在句首或者句中。(2）as 引导各种状语从句：时间、原因、方式、让步。引导让步状语从句时，特别注意从句的语序：需要把从句中的表语或状语提到as 前面，其他不变。(3) as 引导方式状语从句时，从句有时可以使用省略结构。即境活用：(1) Today he was also the first to come to school, _is often the case.(2)

9、 _time went on, Einsteins theory proved to be right.(3) Hard _ he worked , he still failed at last.(4) You must show the poor the same respect _you show your parents.2. What it was to become was uncertain until between 4.5 and 3.8 billion years ago when the dust settled into a solid globe. 随后它会变成什么没

10、人能知道，指导38-45忆年前，这团尘埃才慢慢地形成一个固体的球状物。 本句是一个复合句，含有what it was to become 的主语从句，until的时间状语从句,以及when the dust settled into a solid globe 的定语从句。主语从句中的 was to become 表示“将要变成的”Be 和不定式连用，表示：(1) 后来将发生的事，或者不可避免将要发生的事。As a young man, he didnt know he was to become famous. 年轻时，他根本就不知道将会成名。(2) 按计划或安排要发生的事或打算做的事 I

11、am to see him today at 6 p.m. 我打算今晚六点见他。(3) 该做或不该做的事（相当于should, must, have to）You are not to smoke in this room. 这个房间你不可以吸烟。(4) 能不能发生的事（相当于can, may） Not a cloud was to be seen. 一片乌云也看不见。(5) 用于条件从句中，“如果想, 设想”This question is fundamental if students are to show that they understand the nature of astro

12、nomy.如果学生们想要表现出他们明白宇宙的本质，那么这个问题就是个基本问题。即境活用： （1） They were in time to produce carbon , nitrogen, water vapour and other gases, which _ _ _ the earths atmosphere.( 后来将形成 make) (2 ) Every one of you _ _ _ at school by 7 every morning. (应该到达arrive) （3） If you _ _ _more progress in English, you have to

13、remember 50 words a day for at least two months from mow on. (想要取得make)三、易错易混知识点 1. in time; on time; at a time; at one timein time 最终， 及时，节奏（正确）on time 按时， 准时， 正点 ， （分期）付款at a time 一次at one time 曾有段时间，同时（做某事） 即境活用：（1) The doctor came _ to save his life.（2) _ youll forget him. （3) Afraid that I coul

14、dnt finish up the work _, they came to help me（4) This medicine should be taken one _ and three times a day.（5）They were good friends _ in school, but now they become enemies.2. preventfrom; protectfrom preventfrom 阻止，预防相当于stopfrom; keepfromprotectfrom 保护即境活用：(1)Nothing can _us _(go) there on holida

15、y this summer.(2)A raincoat can _ you _(get) wet on rainy days.(3)At last that boy _ (do) that silly thing by his classmates.四、课后自测（一）基础知识自测I. 单词拼写1. In our solar s_ eight planets circle around the sun.2. After the “Big Bang”, the earth was still a cloud of dust for b_ of years.3. The fire and rock

16、were in time to produce carbon, nitrogen, water vapor and other gases, which was to make the earths a_. 4. Water had also appeared on other planets like Mars but u_ the earth, it had disappeared later.5. Without water and o_, nothing on the earth could survive. 6. The earth became so _(剧烈) that it w

17、as not clear whether the shape could last or not.7. What scientists believe is that the continued presence of water allowed the earth to dissolve _(有害的) gases and acids into the oceans and seas.8. The first extremely small plants began to appear on the surface of the water. Later they _(繁衍增加) and fi

18、lled the oceans and seas with oxygen.9. They laid eggs too and _(存在) on the earth for more than 140 million years.10 According to a widely accepted _(理论)，the universe began with a “Big Bang .”II. 用所给短语的正确形式填空in time, a cloud of dust, protectfrom, be fundamental to, be harmful to, lay eggs , in ones

19、turn, give birth to, multiplyby1. In summer she is used to wearing her sunglasses _ _her eyes _the sun.2. Stick to your theory and I believe you will surely gain success _.3. Seven _ _ seven makes forty-nine.4. Some mammals give birth to their young by _. 5. He was walking on the road when suddenly

20、a car rushed by, raising _.6. In class the students answered the teachers questions _ _ .7. Unlike human beings, rabbits can _ _ _ seven to ten babies at a birth.8. We all know that water and oxygen _the development of life.9. We human beings do something _our environment, causing lots of pollution.

21、10. Thus, _, the environment no longer provides us humans with good farmland to grow crops on, causing some to starve.（二）能力提升自测I. 单项填空1. Mammals _when animals harmful to them disappeared.A. multipliedB. lessenedC. existedD. spread2. Reptiles produced young generally by _eggs.A. lyingB. liedC. laying

22、D. laid3.Because of the sudden change of the weather, the dinosaurs were unable to _themselves_ altogether.A. protect, against disappearedB. keep, becoming extinctC. prevent, from being died outD. stop, from disappearing4. Next green plants began to grow on _land. They were followed in _time by land

23、 animals.A. the, theB. a, /C. /, /D. /, a5. Everyone should show respect for our parents and try to do all for them. After all, we _by our mothers.A. gave birth to themB. were given birthC. were bornD. were given birth to6. As the rocket rose into the air, we were_ back into the seats because we wer

24、e trying to escape the _of the earths gravity.A. pushed, pullB. pulled, pushC. pulled, pullD. pushed, push7. _you have begun to do this work, you should be devoted to it heart and soul.A. AlthoughB. ForC. Now that D. As song as8. I travelled to the Binhai New Area by light railway every day, _ do ma

25、ny businessmen who live in downtown Tianjin.A. as B. whichC. when D. though9. _, Carolina couldnt get the door open. A. Try as she might B. As she might tryC. She might as try D. Might she as try10. _in the regulations that you should not tell other people the password of your email account.AWhat is

26、 requiredB. What requiresC. It is requiredD. It requires11. _fashion differs from country to country may reflect the cultural differences from one aspect. A. WhatB. ThatC. ThisD. Which12. Yesterday I got up late, but I was just _the date.A. on time to B. in time forC. with time at D. in time to13. O

27、nce, there, in that small village, _a big bell. But now it is gone.A. happened B. cameC. stood D. existed14. Within weeks , his confidence _throughout the whole class.A. multiplied B. spread C. affected D. effected15. _smoking does great harm to health, my doctor advises me to give it up. A. As B. F

28、orC. That D. ThusII. 完成句子，根据汉语意思用上括号中所给的词汇或短语完成句子。1. With the living areas and food increasing, pandas _ _ very fast , reaching over 1000 so far. (multiply) 随着栖居地和食物的增加，熊猫增加的很快，目前达到1000多只。2. It is _ _ _ _ _; he is usually on time. (unlike ) 迟到不是他的样子，他总是很守时的。3. People try to avoid public transportati

29、on delays by using their own cars, and this _more problems.( in turn) 人们尽量自驾车来避免公共交通耽搁，结果反过来造成更多的问题。4. No one can _ him _ _ his own dream. (preventfrom) 无人能够阻止他去实现梦想。（三）智能拓展训练I.完形填空 The trip to that city was eye-opening for everyone, and near its end , all the young people in our group began to refl

30、ect on what it had meant. We _21_ the first night we had arrived. We had all gone into the markets of the city _22_ the young people could experience its energy. But what we actually saw simply 23 us all the rundown houses, the children in rags, the people begging for money Walking home, 24 under a

31、low bridge, we came across 25 families of homeless people seeking a bit of dry ground to sleep on 26 the night. We had to step over bodies as we found our way through the darkness.The poverty(贫困) was 27 than anything my young companions had ever imagined. Back in the hotel, an air of sadness settled

32、 over the group. Many 28 and cried. Spending time in this 29 moves a person to care about humanity.That evening, our group spent hours talking about what we had 30 . Gently, I encouraged everyone to talk about the difficult 31 that days discoveries had inspired. Sitting together 32 a circle as every

33、one had a chance to speak, we all began to realize that 33 of us was alone in our struggle to cope with our reactions.Based on my 34 in poverty-stricken areas, I suggested that 35 the emotions we had were painful, they could also be important in helping us to move forward. We all 36 that we had seen

34、 things that should never be allowed to happen. 37 , what could we do about it? Together, we began to brainstorm ways we could help to ease the 38 we had seen. As I encouraged group members to focus on 39 they could do, a sense of determination 40 the previous sadness. Instead of despair, these youn

35、g people began to feel a call to action.21Aput up with Bgot back to Clooked back on Dmade up for22Anow that Bso that Cas if Deven if 23Apuzzled Bannoyed Cembarrassed Dshocked24Amarching Brunning Cpassing Dmoving25Aentire Bnormal Caverage Dgeneral26Abeyond Bwith Ctill Dfor27Astronger Bdeeper Cworse D

36、less28Agave up Bbroke down Cset off Dheld on29Aenvironment Bhotel C. house Dbackground30Ainspected Battempted Cwitnessed Dchallenged31Afeelings Bdecisions Cthoughts Dimpressions32Aalong Baround Cby Din33Aneither Beither Cnone Deach34Aexperiences Bschedules Cdata Dposition35Aonce Bwhile Csince Dunles

37、s36Asupposed Badvised Cconfirmed Dagreed37ASurely BRather CNow DIndeed38Aburden Bsuffering Canxiety Ddifficulty39Ahow Bwhere Cwhat Dwhen40Areplaced Bchanged Ccovered DimprovedII单句改错1. The universe began as a “Big Bang” that threw matter in all directions.2. Unlikely the earth, water disappeared late

38、r.3. Later when the plants grew into forests, reptiles appeared the first time.4. They produced young generally by lying eggs.5. They gave a birth to young baby animals and produced milk to feed them.6. The earth became so violently that it was clear whether the shape would last or not.7. Next green

39、 plants began to grow on land. They were followed on time by land animals.8. Because of too much carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, heat is prevented escaping from the earth into space.9. Many millions of years later, the first extreme small plants began to appear on the surface of the water.10. The

40、so-called “Big Bang” threw matters in all directions. After that, atoms began to form. Module 3 Unit4 Astronomy: the science of the stars Section I Warming up and Reading一、课前预习 I. 词义配对1. C 2. G 3.J 4. H 5.A 6. D 7. B 8.E 9.I 10. FII重点短语1. circle around the sun 2. a widely accepted theory 3. a cloud

41、of dust4. be fundamental to the development of life 5. a chain reaction6. give birth to 7. lay eggs 8. in ones turn9. preventfrom 10. the origin of lifeIII重点句型1. as it happened 2. a cloud of dust 3. unlike the earth 4. in their turn5. prevents heat from escaping from 二、重难点剖析1. (1) as (2) As (3) as (

42、4) as2.(1) was to make (2) is to be/arrive (3) are to make三、易错易混知识点 1. (1)in time (2) In time (3) on time (4) at a time (5) at one time (4) add up these numbers2. (1)prevent(from) going (2) protectfrom getting (3) was prevented from doing 四、课后自测（一）基础知识自测I. 1. system 2. billions 3.atmosphere 4.unlike

43、 5. oxygen 6.violent 7. harmful 8. multiplied 9. existed 10. theoryII. 1. to protectfrom 2. in time 3. multiplied by 4. laying eggs 5. a cloud of dust 6. in turn 7. give birth to 8. are fundamental to 9. harmful to 10. in its turn（二）能力提升自测I. 单项填空 1. A. 考查动词辨析。spread指“蔓延，传播”，lessen指“减少”；exist指“存在” 从意

44、义上指“迅速增加”，故选A。2. C. 考查动词辨析。lying 是lie的现在分词，指“躺着，平放，位于” 是不及物动词, laying 是lay 的现在分词，指“下蛋， 放置” 是及物动词。根据句子中的介词by 后面需要跟V-ing , 故选C。3. D. 考查短语辨析。protectfrom/against 保护 ，prevent/stopfrom 阻止、制止, keepdoing 保持一直.。 根据句子意义和句子结构，因此选择D。4. C. 考查冠词的用法。land 是“陆地” 此处不是“土地”，因此前不用冠词。后空是固定短语。5. D. 考查短语：give birth to，意为 “

45、生产，生下”；该题干扰项最大的是C项，但bear 的过去分词有不同形式，而且用法不同。born 只能做表语，而不能用于被动语态之中。故选D。6. A. 考查动词辨析。push 与pull 是一对互反义词， push 是“推”, pull 是 “拉”。7. C. 考查连词的用法。 根据句意的逻辑关系，“既然工作已经开始了，就应该全心全意地投入进去。” 故选择C。for 引导原因时是并列连词，不能放句首。8. A. 考查连词的用法。根据句意和逻辑关系，可知，许多生意人也是这样，故as 可以表示此用法，选择A。9. A. 考查状语从句。 as 引导让步状语从句时必须把从句中的表语或者状语提到as 前

46、面，或者有时把动词提到as 的前面。该从句不是：主系表或者主谓状结构，因此只能把动词原形提到前面，故选择A。10. C. 考查主语从句的用法。该句型是：It is required that,其中it 是形式主语，后面的that 从句是真正的主语从句，故选择C。11. B . 考查主语从句的用法。该句中的谓语是：may reflect ，宾语是: the cultural difference,前面的fashion differs from country to country是主语从句，从句内容完整，不缺少成分，故只需要一个起连接作用的连词来引导，选择B。12. B. 考查短语： in ti

47、me for 及时赶上了, 故选择B。13. D. 考查动词辨析。 happen 碰巧，发生，是不及物动词，如果用于there+be 句型中，应该是: There happen to be+主语； come 来，不及物动词。 stand 站立，矗立，不及物动词 exist 存在。根据句意，那个小山村曾有个大铃铛，但现在不见了。故选择D。14. A. 考查动词辨析。spread 蔓延，分布；affect 影响，感染。multiply 增加，繁衍，乘。根据句意可知：几周之内，他的自信很快遍布全班。故选择B. spread的过去式与原形相同。15. A .考查连词的用法。As 引导原因状语从句，句意

48、表达的是：因为吸烟有害健康，故医生建议我戒烟。 For 也可以用来表示原因，但不能放句首。II. 完成句子A. has multipliedB. unlike him to be lateC. in turn causesD. prevent him (from)achieving(realizing, living)（三）智能拓展训练I.完形填空 21. C.考察动词短语。根据该篇首句中的reflect on what it meant可知，采用倒叙手法，叙述旅行，故选择C :回顾，回首22. B.考察逻辑关系。根据句意：我们到该城市的市场目的是去感受.，因此选择B。23. D.根据后面 的

49、rundown houses, children in rags, people begging for money.可知，他们在市场上所见到的使他们震惊。故选择D。24. C.根据前面的walking home, 后面的came across .此处是：经过一座低矮的桥梁，故选择C。25. A.考察形容词辨析。根据逻辑，一家一家的的无家可归的人们寻找可过夜睡觉的干地。故选择A， entire 表示：完全的，完整的。其他形容词不合句意。26. D.该句是接上文，他们在寻找一块干燥一点的空地目的是过夜，故选择D ,表示目的。27. C.考察形容词比较级。上面所见到的种种现象说明：贫穷远比他们曾想

50、象的要糟糕的多，故选择C 。28. B.考察动词短语。由于生活艰苦，许多人身体垮掉了，哭泣着。break down 指：身体垮掉，机器等坏了等29. A.考查名词。整个上面叙述所见到的恶劣的环境和人们所处的状况，因此选择A.30. C.考查动词。当天晚上，我们花了几个小时都在谈论白天所见到的种种，由此我们想办法帮助那些贫苦的人们。故选择C， witness 目击的意思。31. A.考查名词。根据上文，我们主要谈感想，即对所见所闻所产生的感想。A符合句意，故选择A。其他 decision决定 thought 思想 impression印象，不合题意。32. D.考查介词搭配。围坐一圈，表达：站圈

51、，排队等都使用介词in。33. C.考查代词。我们都不是孤单一人，故选择C。34. A.考查名词。根据我在贫困地区的“经历” ，故选择A。35. B.考查连词。根据题意：虽然这种情感很痛苦，然而却能够激励我们向前。故选择B， while 放句首可用来引导让步状语从句。36. D.考查动词辨析。根据句意，我们都一致同意：这种情况再也不能发生了。故选择D。37.C. 考查副词。下文是“我们应该怎样做来帮助他们呢？故选择C。38. B.考查名词。我们开始想办法来减轻他们所受的苦难。故选择B。39.C.考查连词。根据句意，我们聚焦于能做之事，该从句缺少do 的宾语，故选择C。40. A.考查动词。表示早先的伤心，悲伤已经被我们一种意志取代了，即我们不在沉湎于伤叹，而是决心做点实际事情来帮助那些需要帮助之人。故选择A。II单句改错1. as-with 2. Unlikely-Unlike 3. 在appeared 后面加for 4.lying-laying 5. 去掉a 6. violently-violent 7. 后半句中的on-in 8. prevented后加from 9. extreme-extremely 10. matters-matter