2020-2021学年新教材高中英语 Unit 3 The world of science单元素能自测课后作业（含解析）外研版必修第三册.doc

1、Unit 3 The world of science单元素能自测.完形填空I believe I had the perfect life. Because I was about to _1_ my high school, and on my way to college, I had great friends and a loving family. There was nothing missing. But I spoke too soon.It was around 9：25 am that I heard the news that would _2_ my life for

2、ever. My brother Zach had been in a car accident. He fought for five days before he _3_. That day, I became an only child. I felt extremely _4_.After Zachs death, I found _5_ in food. I ate, then I slept, then I ate again. I couldnt cry. I could hardly feel anything, and I was _6_. I stopped buildin

3、g relationships for fear that they would end just as _7_ as Zachs life. Also, I became nervous about any potentially dangerous situations driving late at nightbut I couldnt express this fear of life _8_ I wanted to be strong for my parents. I saw my parents _9_ worse than mine because of the losing

4、of their son. I didnt want them to care about me. I also experienced a lot of _10_， because I was angry about why the sadness had happened to me, and I never escaped from this emotion.Now, it has been nearly five years since Zachs death. I dont _11_ life anymore: I face it bravely. I _12_ my friends

5、hips and began socializing more. I even _13_ Zachs story with people around me. Although my new friends never met him, they know about Zach.One lesson I learned from losing my brother was never to be _14_ to say, “I love you.” I loved my brother, but it was too late to express it loudly. The last ti

6、me I remember telling my brother I loved him was when he was dying. Dont make this _15_ like me.文章讲述了作者从弟弟的去世中得到一个教训：不要害怕对家人说我爱你。1A.admitBfinishCskipDdetermine解析：考查动词辨析。admit承认；finish完成；skip跳过；determine决定。句意：因为我马上高中毕业，去读大学。根据后半句on my way to college可知作者即将完成高中学业，考入大学，故选B。答案：B2A.regretBchangeCbeautifyD

7、solve解析：考查动词辨析。regret后悔；change改变；beautify使美化；solve解决。句意：大约早上九点二十五分，我听到一个永远改变我生活的消息。从下文可知弟弟的去世改变了作者的生活：不想交朋友。故选B。答案：B3A.took awayBgave awayCpassed awayDflew away解析：考查动词词组。take away带走；give away泄露；pass away去世；fly away飞走。根据下一段After Zachs death可知Zach去世了。故选C。答案：C4A.lonelyBtiredCboredDnervous解析：考查形容词辨析。lon

8、ely寂寞的；tired疲倦的；bored厌烦的；nervous紧张的。从上一句I became an only child.可知弟弟去世后，我成了家里唯一的孩子，感觉很寂寞，故选A。答案：A5A.interestBbenefitCguidanceDrelief解析：考查名词辨析。interest兴趣；benefit利益，好处；guidance指导；relief减轻，安慰。句意：弟弟去世后，我从食物中寻找安慰，吃了睡，醒了接着吃。故选D。答案：D6A.funnyBhopefulCpatientDsenseless解析：考查形容词辨析。funny有趣的；hopeful有希望的；patient有耐

9、心的；senseless无意识的。由前半句I could hardly feel anything，可知作者感觉不到任何东西，是无意识的。故选D。答案：D7A.finallyBsuddenlyCnearlyDseriously解析：考查副词辨析。finally最终；suddenly突然地；nearly几乎，差不多；seriously认真地。从上文可知Zach是突然去世的。句意：我不再交朋友，因为害怕他们会像Zach一样突然去世。故选B。答案：B8A.soBifCunlessDbecause解析：考查连词辨析。so因此；if如果；unless除非；because因为。句意：晚上，对于可能存在危险

10、的行驶场合我都特别紧张。但是，我不能表达对生活的恐惧，因为我想在父母面前表现得坚强。故选D。答案：D9A.painBdiscouragementCwillingnessDmemory解析：考查名词辨析。pain痛苦；discouragement泄气；willingness乐意；memory记忆。父母失去儿子是痛苦的。句意：由于父母失去儿子，他们比我更痛苦。故选A。答案：A10A.surpriseBangerCdisappointmentDdoubt解析：考查名词辨析。surprise惊奇；anger怒火；disappointment失望；doubt怀疑。后半句because I was ang

11、ry about why the sadness had happened to me为什么悲伤的事情发生在我身上，可知作者感觉很恼火。故选B。答案：B11A.damageBchooseCfearDleave解析：考查动词辨析。damage破坏；choose选择；fear害怕；leave离开。根据下一句I face it bravely可知作者不再害怕生活，而是勇敢面对，故选C。答案：C12A.producedBrebuiltCcommunicatedDraised解析：考查动词辨析。produce生产；rebuild重建；communicate交流；raise提高。根据后半句.and beg

12、an socializing more.可知作者重建友谊，开始社交，故选B。答案：B13A.copyBadvertiseCshareDperform解析：考查动词辨析。copy复制；advertise做广告；share分享；perform执行。句意：我甚至和周围的人分享Zach的故事，尽管我的新朋友从未见过Zach，但都知道他。share.with与某人分享某事。故选C。答案：C14A.stubbornBsatisfiedCbraveDafraid解析：考查形容词辨析。stubborn固执的；satisfied满意的；brave勇敢的；afraid害怕的。句意：从失去弟弟这件事上我得到一个教训

13、：不要害怕给家人说我爱你。A、B、C选项均不符合语境，故选D。答案：D15A.mistakeBdecisionCexplanationDdifference解析：考查名词辨析。mistake错误；decision决定；explanation解释；difference不同。句意：不要像我一样犯这样的错误。故选A。答案：A.阅读理解That people often experience trouble sleeping in a different bed in unfamiliar surroundings is a phenomenon known as the firstnight eff

14、ect. If a person stays in the same room the following night they tend to sleep more soundly. Yuka Sasaki and her colleagues at Brown University set out to investigate the origins of this effect.Dr Sasaki knew the firstnight effect probably has something to do with how humans evolved.The puzzle was w

15、hat benefit would be gained from it when performance might be affected the following day. She also knew from previous work conducted on birds and dolphins that these animals put half of their brains to sleep at a time so that they can rest while remaining alert enough to avoid predators (捕食者). This

16、led her to wonder if people might be doing the same thing. To take a closer look, her team studied 35 healthy people as they slept in the unfamiliar environment of the universitys Department of Psychological Sciences. The participants each slept in the department for two nights and were carefully mo

17、nitored with techniques that looked at the activity of their brains. Dr Sasaki found, as expected, the participants slept less well on their first night than they did on their second, taking more than twice as long to fall asleep and sleeping less overall. During deep sleep, the participants brains

18、behaved in a similar manner seen in birds and dolphins. On the first night only, the left hemispheres (半球) of their brains did not sleep nearly as deeply as their right hemispheres did.Curious if the left hemispheres were indeed remaining awake to process information detected in the surrounding envi

19、ronment, Dr Sasaki reran the experiment while presenting the sleeping participants with a mix of regularly timed beeps (蜂鸣声) of the same tone and irregular beeps of a different tone during the night. She worked out that, if the left hemisphere was staying alert to keep guard in a strange environment

20、, then it would react to the irregular beeps by stirring people from sleep and would ignore the regularly timed ones. This is precisely what she found.这篇文章的主题和睡眠环境有关，在一个陌生的环境里，人们睡在陌生的床上通常会无法入眠，心理学家们将这种现象称之为“初夜”效应。本文围绕着睡眠环境和研究者的调查内容与结论展开叙述。1What do we learn about Dr Yuka Sasaki doing her research?ASh

21、e found birds and dolphins remain alert while asleep.BShe found birds and dolphins sleep in much the same way.CShe got some idea from previous studies on birds and dolphins.DShe conducted studies on birds and dolphins sleeping patterns.解析：细节理解题。根据第三段She also knew from previous work conducted on bird

22、s and dolphins that these animals put half of their brains to sleep at a time so that they can rest while remaining alert enough to avoid predators (捕食者). This led her to wonder if people might be doing the same thing. Dr Yuka Sasaki从先前对鸟类和海豚的实验中知道动物在睡觉时左半侧大脑远没有右半侧大脑睡得深，这样可以使它们在休息时保持对捕食者的警惕，表明动物在睡眠状

23、态时的大脑活动是不对称的，Sasaki好奇人类情况是否类似。可以得知对人类睡眠实验的想法来源于之前对鸟和海豚做的实验。故选C。答案：C2What did Dr Sasaki do when she first did her experiment?AShe monitored the brain activity of participants sleeping in a new environment.BShe recruited (招募) 35 participants from her Department of Psychological Sciences.CShe studied t

24、he differences between the two sides of participants brains.DShe tested her findings about birds and dolphins on human subjects.解析：细节理解题。该题定位句是第三段“The participants each slept in the department for two nights and were carefully monitored with techniques that looked at the activity of their brains.”这句

25、话提到实验的参加者在心理科学系睡了两晚并且大脑活动受到监测。故选A。答案：A3What did Dr Sasaki do when rerunning her experiment?AShe analyzed the negative effect of irregular tones on brains.BShe recorded participants adaptation to changed environment.CShe exposed her participants to two different stimuli (刺激物)DShe compared the respons

26、es of different participants.解析：细节理解题。该题定位句是最后一段“Dr Sasaki reran the experiment while presenting the sleeping participants with a mix of regularly timed beeps (蜂鸣声) of the same tone and irregular beeps of a different tone during the night.”。这句话提到Sasaki博士重新进行了一次实验，他让睡眠中的参加者听了两种声音，分别是“mix of regularly

27、 timed beeps (蜂鸣声) of the same tone”(定时响起音调不变的哔哔声)和“irregular beeps of a different tone”(随机响起音调各异的哔哔声)。故选C。答案：C4What did Dr Sasaki find about the participants in her experiment?AThey tended to enjoy certain tones more than others.BThey tended to recognize irregular beeps as a threat.CThey felt sleep

28、y when exposed to regular beeps.DThey differed in their tolerance of irregular tones.解析：细节理解题。该题定位句是最后一段She worked out that, if the left hemisphere was staying alert to keep guard in a strange environment, then it would react to the irregular beeps by stirring people from sleep and would ignore the

29、regularly timed ones. This is precisely what she found.得知Sasaki博士在实验中发现当人们在陌生环境中睡觉时，左半侧大脑保持清醒以警惕陌生环境，对随机发出的哔哔声有所反应将人们从睡眠中叫醒，并且同时会忽略定时发出的哔哔声。可以推断出人们会把随机发出的哔哔声视作一个威胁。故选B。答案：B.概要写作阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。If you havent seen alpaca meat (羊驼肉) on the menu yet, chances are you soon will. It is rising in

30、popularity; about 70 restaurants across Australia feature the meat in their dishes. Among them is Melbourne restaurant Pastuso, whose head chef appeared in a video by the Australian Alpaca Association to discuss how people have liked the dish. Alejandro Saravia, a Peruvian cook at Pastuso, described

31、 the taste as similar to beef. “Alpaca meat has been very well enjoyed by the Australian public，” he said in the video.Famous cook Matt Moran, who owns some of Sydneys leading restaurants, wrote an article for The Daily Telegraph to discuss his experience of cooking alpaca meat. Moran said he had ne

32、ver tried the meat until he visited an alpaca farm, and described the flavour as “very tasty”， especially the meat from the neck. Alpaca meat has also starred in dishes at the Melbourne Food and Wine Festival, with The Age reporting in 2013 about 20 Australian restaurants served the meat, a number w

33、hich has grown quickly since.Melbourne restaurant San Telmos head cook Mike Patrick researched an alpaca dish, and said the response was mixed. “It was 50/50: some people said oh wowwhat are you cooking that for? No thank you and others thought this is really cool and something different and I want

34、to have a try. The people who tried it loved it. Its a point of difference and people like that.”In Australia alpacas are farmed mainly for their fur, but the Australian Alpaca Association website said farming alpacas for meat is a growing industry. Alpaca meat is a good source of protein with littl

35、e saturated fat and cholesterol (胆固醇); it is also environmentally friendly when people feed them. Alpacas are able to stand dry conditions for longer than most other animals, and their soft feet cause little damage to the soil and ecosystem.You_may_soon_enjoy_alpaca_meat_because_it_is_becoming_popul

36、ar._(要点1)_More_and_more_restaurants_are_serving it_for_its delicious_taste,_which_is_thought_highly_of_by_cooks._(要点2)_About_half_people_wanting_to_try_it_like_its_taste_while_others_even_refuse_to_try_it._(要点3)_Alpaca_meat_is_rich_in_healthbeneficial protein_and_raising_alpacas_does_little_harm_to_the_environment_and_ecosystem,_which_leads_to_the_development_of_the_industry_of_feeding_alpacas_for_meat.(要点4)