2020-2021学年高中英语 阶段综合检测4（含解析）外研版选修8.doc

1、阶段综合检测(四).阅读理解(共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分)AWith the click of a mouse consumers can purchase the goods and service they need at online shops.What they have to do is waiting for the goods sent to their homes.We shall all be grateful to the pioneers of online shopping for bringing us such convenience.Michael Al

2、drich(the UK.)Online shopping was invented and pioneered by Michael Aldrich in the UK.In 1979 he connected a television via a telephone line to a realtime multiuser transaction(交易)processing computer.He sold mainly BusinesstoBusiness systems.There were a number of significant world firsts with new a

3、pplications in several business fields.Jeff Bezos(the US.A.)Jeff Bezos defined online shopping and rewrote the rules of commerce.Tim BernersLee invented the World Wide Web server and browser(浏览器)in 1990.In 1994，Jeff Bezos read an article about how the World Wide Web was growing by 2，300%a year.He kn

4、ew he had to tap into such a great potential for commerce.On July 6，1995，Bezos launched A，which operated out of the garage of his twobedroom home in suburban Seattle，Washington.With almost no publicity，sales took off immediately.The company has now expanded into dozens of product categories，forcing

5、the worlds biggest retailer(零售商)to rethink their business models，and finally changing the way people shop.Jack Ma(China)As a child，Jack Ma was bad at math but fascinated by English.He traveled to the United States in 1995 as a translator to help a Chinese firm recover payment.The attempt failed.But

6、a friend in Seattle showed Ma the Internet，and an idea began brewing.In 1999，Mr.Ma gathered 17 friends and founded Alibaba in his apartment in Hangzhou.Alibabas model was simple：allow small and mediumsized Chinese companies to find global buyers they would otherwise only be able to meet at trade sho

7、ws.It works brilliantly.Alibabas sales are now more than those of eBay and Amazon combined.【语篇解读】本文主要介绍了对网上购物有深远影响的三位人物以及他们对电子商务的促进作用。1What made A a success?ABusinesstoBusiness systems.BThe World Wide Web server and browser.CCommercial publicity.DHelp from retailers.B细节理解题。根据文章第二个小标题下的“Tim BernersLe

8、e invented the World Wide Web server and browser(浏览器)”及“With almost no publicity，sales took off immediately.”可知，亚马逊公司依托互联网发展迅猛。故选B项。2How did Jack Ma have the idea of founding Alibaba?AA translator helped him.BA Chinese firm inspired him.CHe was introduced to the Internet.DHe was funded by some compa

9、nies.C细节理解题。根据文章第三个小标题下的第一段最后一句“But a friend in Seattle showed Ma the Internet，and an idea began brewing.”可知，当朋友把互联网介绍给马云时，他开始有了想法。故选C项。3What do the pioneers have in common?AThey have improved computers.BThey have sold goods worldwide.CThey have enlarged product categories.DThey have contributed to

10、online shopping.D推理判断题。根据文章介绍的人物可知，他们都在互联网背景下从事商业贸易活动，因此他们对网上购物起到了推动作用。故选D项。B)Gwendolyn Brooks was born on June 17，1917 in Topeka，Kansas.Her family moved to Chicago when Brooks was four.At the age of seven，Brooks began learning how to write poems，and by the young age of thirteen she had her first po

11、em published.She wrote hundreds of poems during her lifetime.She had more than twenty books published.She was known around the world for using poetry to increase understanding about black culture in America.Gwendolyn Brooks wrote many poems about black people during the 1940s and 1950s.Her poems des

12、cribed living conditions of the poor，racial inequality(种族不平等)and drug use in the black community.She also wrote poems about the struggles of black women.But her skill was more than her ability to write about struggling black people.She was an expert at the language of poetry.She mixed traditional Eu

13、ropean poetry styles with the AfricanAmerican experience.She once said that she wrote about what she saw and heard in the street.She said she found most of her material looking out of the window of her secondfloor apartment house in Chicago，Illinois.In her early poetry，she wrote about the South Side

14、 of Chicago.The South Side of Chicago is where many black people live.In her poems，the South Side is called Bronzeville.It was A Street in Bronzeville that gained the attention of literary experts in 1945.They praised her poetic skills and her powerful descriptions about the black experience during

15、the time.Gwendolyn Brooks won her first major award in 1943 at the Midwestern Writers Conference.Brooks was the first AfricanAmerican writer to win the Pulitzer Prize and to be given a job in the American Academy of Arts and Letters.【语篇解读】本文主要介绍的是关注黑人生活的大诗人温多琳布鲁克斯。4Gwendolyn Brooks paid more attenti

16、on in her poems to Aculture differencesBdrug use in African countriesCthe life of the black in AmericaDthe life of her own familyC推理判断题。根据第二段第三句话可判断出，布鲁克斯的很多诗歌描述的是黑人生活。5From the passage we can learn that Aat seven，Brooks parents found that she had a gift for writing poemBBrooks poems made black peop

17、le gain freedomCsome of Brooks early poems were set in the South Side of ChicagoDthe poem A Street in Bronzeville made Brooks become richC细节理解题。根据第三段第六句话可知，布鲁克斯早期的诗歌主要描写芝加哥南部的生活。6Which of the following statements about Brooks is NOT true?AShe is an AfricanAmerican writer.BHer first poem was publishe

18、d in 1930.CShe was good at the language of poetry.DShe was the first American writer to win the Pulitzer Prize.D细节理解题。根据最后一段第二句话可知，布鲁克斯是第一位获得普利策文学奖的美国非洲裔作家。D项说法与原文不一致。7It can be inferred from the passage that ABrooks spent her childhood in a poor black communityBmost of Brooks writing was based on w

19、hat she saw and heardCall of Brooks books have been publishedDBrooks didnt receive college educationB推理判断题。根据第三段第四、五句话可判断出，她的大部分作品以自己的所见所闻的基础而写成。CIn 1903，Orville and Wilbur Wright flew the first plane, which looked quite different than the ones you fly today. It was made of wood and cloth，and there

20、were no seatsthe pilot, who was the only person on the plane, had to lie flat on the wing，completely out in the open! Luckily, that plane didnt fly very high or far.Today，most planes are made out of metal，and passengers sit safely inside. Planes usually fly about seven miles high in the sky, and the

21、 biggest ones can reach halfway around the world! But despite the differences, they both use the same science to fly.The following two principles play a major role in the flight：thrust and lift.Thrust is when an object is pushed forward with force. Planes use their jet engines to achieve thrust：the

22、engines take in air, press it，mix it with gas, and burn the mixture in a burst of energy that shoots out the back of the engine，which pushes the plane forward. Lift is the force that drives a plane upward and keeps it in the air. In order to produce lift, planes rely on their wings. The top of the w

23、ing bulges out(凸起)to create a smooth bump(隆起)When the wing moves through air, incoming air particles(粒子)either go above or below it. Thanks to the bump, the air on top of the wing moves faster than the air on the bottom of the wing.The high air pressure pushes the wing up, creating lift.Thrust and l

24、ift are always fighting two other things: drag and gravity. You can feel drag if you put your hand out the window of a moving car.Planes need to have enough thrust to overcome the amount of drag it produces, so theyre designed to have air flow as smoothly as possible. Lift can overcome gravity if it

25、s strong enoughthe engineers who build planes have to find the perfect wing size and flying speed to allow the plane to take off, based on the weight of the plane.【语篇解读】 本文是说明文。从怀特兄弟发明飞机到现在，飞机发生了巨大的变化。但飞机飞行的基本原理是什么呢？影响飞机飞行的因素又是什么呢？8What was so different about the first plane?AIt had no engine inside

26、.BIt produced much noise.CIt had no seat for anyone.DIt was made out of metal.C细节理解题。根据第一段中的“there were no seatsthe pilot, who was the only person on the plane，had to lie flat on the wing”可知，怀特兄弟制造的第一架飞机的材料是木头和布，里面没有座位。飞行员得平躺在机翼上飞行。 9How does the author mainly develop the third paragraph?ABy giving

27、examples.BBy making comparisons.CBy following time order.DBy providing explanations.D写作手法题。作者在第三段主要介绍了空气流动产生的推力和升力，并解释了飞机如何利用这两种动力飞行。 10What do engineers do with planes to fight gravity?AOvercome the amount of drag.BCreate the right amount of lift.CReduce the weight of the plane.DChange the level of

28、 air pressure.B细节理解题。根据末段中的“Lift can overcome gravity if its strong enough”可知答案。 11What is the main topic of the text?AThe material for making the first plane.BThe development of modern planes.CThe principles for how a plane flies.DThe things that influence flight.C主旨大意题。本文主要介绍了在飞机飞行中起主要作用的两个原则，即推力和

29、升力。 DThough in a digital age，college students nowadays are still holding fast to traditional books.According to the National Association of College Stores，digital books make up just under 3% of textbook sales，although the association expects that share to grow to 10% to 15% by 2014 as more titles ar

30、e made available as ebooks.However，threequarters of the students，who grew up learning from print books，say that they are unwilling to give up the ability to turn over quickly between chapters，write in the edges and highlight passages.The new technology has produced various options for students.Colle

31、ge Booksellers，which operates 636 campus bookstores nationwide，is now marketing its new software application，which allows students to read etextbooks on PCs.The company introduced the free application last summer in hopes of attracting more students to buy its electronic textbooks.“Now the biggest b

32、arrier is getting them to try it，”said the companys vice president.But not every textbook is available in digital or rental format.Generally，an etextbook is cheaper than a used book，though more expensive than a rental.The expense of college textbooks has become a great concern and teachers from over

33、 40 colleges nationwide are encouraged to assign texts that are less expensive，or to offer them free online.As the buyback price drops greatly and quickly，some professors suggest that the book stores should not have the last say and there should be something for students to decide by themselves.【语篇解

34、读】本文为说明文。虽然现在已经进入数字时代，但大多数大学生仍然钟爱传统纸质书籍。12College students prefer traditional books mainly because they Awant to keep the ability of reading print booksBhave the habit of turning over quickly between pagesCfind it interesting to keep notes in the edges of booksDfeel more relaxed to read print materi

35、alsA细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句“由于从小就用纸质书籍学习，因此有四分之三的学生不愿放弃在章节间迅速翻动，在空白处写字，标注文章。”可知答案为A。13Which of the following is NOT true according to the 2nd paragraph?ACollege Booksellers operates more than 600 bookstores in campus.BThe free application was introduced to increase sales of electronic textbooks.CCampus stud

36、ents now fancy a try of the free software application.DThe companys management still has to do more to sell the ebooks.C细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句中的“Now the biggest barrier is getting them to try it.”可知在校学生并没有表示出对这款免费软件有所钟爱，故答案为C项。14We can learn from the passage that Asecondhand books are cheaper than rental b

37、ooksBall the textbooks have both the digital and rental formatsCthe price totally determines the students selection of booksDthe price of buyback books is determined by book storesD推理判断题。根据文章最后一句(随着回购价的急剧下降，一些教授建议对于图书回购价书店不应该有最后的定价权，回购价应该由学生自己决定)可见目前图书回购价格是由书店决定的。15The best title for the text would

38、be AAddiction to Traditional BooksBPrint Books in a Digital WorldCMore Texts in Digital FormatDBook Price Drops Sharply and QuicklyB标题归纳题。文章是以数字时代纸质书籍在学生中的地位为线索展开的，故本篇文章的题目为：数字世界的纸质书籍。.阅读七选五(共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分)You often find somebody who works around you complaining all the time，dont you？ 16 About 70%

39、 of Americans say being around nonstop complainers sometimes has a bad influence on them.Luckily，here are 4 tips to help form positive patterns.SelfawarenessWhen a negative thought pops into your mind，immediately correct it.Instead of telling yourself“Thats a nice shirt，but I cant afford it，”change

40、the message to“That will look great with my black pants when I can afford it.” 17 Of course，everyone complains sometimes.But the less frequently you complain，the better you will feel.Distance yourself 18 Excuse yourself and go somewhere quiet，somewhere outdoors in the fresh air.Think of something pl

41、easant before returning.You have to take this seriously because negative people can and will pull you into the quicksand(困境)Dont try to change complainersIf you find yourself trapped in group of complainers in a meeting or at a social event，simply choose silence.Let their words bounce off you while

42、you think of something else.Attempting to stop the complaining can make you a target. 19 If someone says，“I hate Mondays，weekends are too short，”try to think，“Im glad I rested up over the weekend，so Im ready to make some improvement on that big project.” 20 When someone is shouting at you angrily，th

43、row the responsibility back at them by asking，“So what do you intend to do about it？”In most cases，complainers dont really want a solution.They just want to speak them out.If you make them aware that they themselves have to find the solutions，they will leave you alone and find someone else to compla

44、in to.If so，you will be happy.AFind solutionsBChange responsibilityCYou have got a lot of complaints.DBy doing this，it will lead to positive behaviors.EBut you can redirect the discussion in your own mind.FWhenever possible，escape from negative conversations.GYou will never know what they are going

45、to talk about.【语篇解读】本文是一篇议论文。文中告诉读者建立良好心态所需要的四个技巧。16C由前一句“You often find somebody who works around you complaining all the time”和后一句“About 70% of Americans say.”可知应选C项“你听到过很多抱怨”。17D根据上文中的“negative thought”和“correct it”可知，空处应填句子应含有negative的反义词positive。故选D项。18F从标题句Distance yourself和本段最后的“because negat

46、ive people can and will pull you into the quicksand(困境)”，可知要远离消极的人，故选F。19E根据本段最后一句的举例可知要从不同的角度思考。故选E。20B根据段落内容和“throw the responsibility back at them by.”可知选B。.完形填空(共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分)Sandy Greenberg came from a poor family.He went to Columbia University on a scholarship and there he met his roomma

47、te who also was receiving financial 21 Unfortunately，Sandy had a(n) 22 disease during his second year at Columbia University，and finally he became blind.But 23 for Sandy，something else also happened to himhis roommate would 24 his textbooks to him，every night after he lost his sight.As a result，Sand

48、y went on to 25 with honors.He went off to study at the University of Oxford.He was still quite poor，but he had managed to 26 about five hundred dollars as he went along.His roommate 27 went on to graduate school.One day，Sandy got a 28 from him.His former roommate said，“Sandy，Im really 29 ，I really

49、dont like being in graduate school，and I dont want to do this.”“Well，what do you want to do？”Sandy 30 His roommate told him，“Sandy，I really love to 31 .I have a high school friend who plays the guitar.And we would really like to 32 our hand at the music business.But we need to make a promo record (宣

50、传唱片)，and in order to 33 that I need $500.”Sandy took all his life savings without 34 and sent it to his roommate.Well，his roommate was the 35 famous singer，Art Garfunkel，and he 36 up with another musician，Paul Simon.That $ 500 37 them make a record that finally became The Sounds of Silence.How we ar

51、e able to deal with 38 in our lives will be influenced by how we deal with others 39 the way.What we get will depend a lot on what we 40 And thats the end of the story of doing well by doing good.【语篇解读】珊迪在哥伦比亚大学上学时得到过室友无私的帮助。后来，室友遇到困难，珊迪毫不犹豫地伸出了援手，帮助室友实现了梦想。这篇文章告诉我们一个人生道理：回报取决于付出，助人者人助之。21A.aidBadvi

52、ceCcrisis DpressureA根据前面讲的Sandy是靠奖学金上的大学以及句中的also可知，他的室友也很穷，也接受经济“资助”。22A.eye BearCnose DboneA根据下文的“he became blind”可知，此处指Sandy上大二时“眼睛”得了病。23A.finally BluckilyCsadly DexcitedlyB虽然Sandy失明了，但他的室友每天晚上都会给他读课本。相对于失明的不幸，这是不幸之中的幸事，故用luckily。24A.lend BofferCread DreturnCSandy失明了，所以他的室友应该是每天晚上给他“读”课本。25A.sur

53、vive BresearchCleave DgraduateD根据下一句讲的Sandy到牛津大学继续深造可推知，Sandy在室友的帮助下完成了学业并以优异的成绩“毕业”了。26A.save BlendCshare DborrowA根据下文中的“Sandy took all his life savings”可知，尽管Sandy的生活依然很贫困，他还是设法“积攒”了大约500美元。27A.never BstillCeither DalsoD根据该段最后的“I really dont like being in graduate school”可知，Sandy的室友“也”进入了研究生院学习。28A

54、.message BcallCcard DreportB根据下文对话的情节可知，此处指Sandy接到了前室友的“电话”。29A.unhappy BunhealthyChomesick DlonelyA根据该空后的内容可知，他的室友很“不开心”。30A.suggested BansweredCasked DlaughedC根据该空前引号中的问句可知，此处应填asked。31A.work BsingCdance DtravelB根据下文他的室友说要录制一张宣传唱片可知，他的室友非常喜欢“唱歌”。32A.wave BwashCtry DcleanC此处指他们很想在音乐界一试身手。try ones h

55、and意为“初试身手，一试身手”。33A.win BdoCprove DearnB为了去“做”那件事(指录制一张宣传唱片)，他们需要500美元。34A.permission BadmissionChesitation DexpectationC根据上文可知，在Sandy最困难的时候，室友帮助了他，故此处应指Sandy毫不犹豫地拿出自己所有的积蓄，寄给了室友。without hesitation意为“毫不犹豫地”。35A.other BsimilarCformer DlaterDSandy的室友就是“后来”著名的歌手Art Garfunkel。36A.teamed BcameCshowed Ds

56、etA上文中，Art Garfunkel在电话中对Sandy说：“我有个高中时的朋友是弹吉他的。我们俩很想在音乐界一试身手。”由此可以看出，此处指他与另一位音乐家成立了一个组合。team up with(sb.)意为“(与某人)结成一队”。37A.saw BhelpedChoped DletB那500美元“帮助”他们制作出一张唱片。38A.interests BopportunitiesCdifficulties DfeelingsC联系Art Garfunkel和Sandy的互助经历，作者发表议论。此处指在生活中应对困难的能力与我们如何待人有很大的关系。39A.across BinCby D

57、alongD此处指一直以来我们如何待人影响着我们在生活中应对困难的能力。along the way意为“在过程中，在生活道路上”，符合语境。40A.take BgiveClike DlearnB此空与句中的get相对应。本句意为：我们所得到的在很大程度上取决于我们所付出的。这就是作者要通过这样一个故事来说明的人生道理。.语法填空(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)His name was Fleming，and he was a poor Scottish farmer.One day，he saved a 41. (terrify) boy by accident.The next d

58、ay，a fancy carriage pulled up to the Scotsmans lonely village.42. welldressed nobleman stepped out 43. introduced himself as the father of the boy farmer Fleming had saved.“I want to repay you，”said the nobleman.“You saved 44. (I) sons life.”“No，I cant accept 45. (pay) for what I did，”the Scottish f

59、armer replied，46. (wave) off the offer.At that moment，the farmers own son came to the door of the family cottage.“Is that your son？”the nobleman asked.“Yes，”the farmer replied 47. (proud)“Ill make you a deal.Let me take him and give him a good education.48. the boy is anything like his father，he wil

60、l grow to be a man we both will be proud of.”And that he did.In time，farmer Flemings son graduated 49. St.Marys Hospital Medical School in London，and 50. (go) on to become known throughout the world as the famous Sir Alexander Fleming，the discoverer of Penicillin.Years afterward，the noblemans son wa

61、s stricken by a serious disease.What saved him？Penicillin.【语篇解读】本文主要讲了青霉素的发明者亚历山大弗莱明及其父亲的故事。41terrified考查词性转换。所填词作定语修饰boy，说明人的感受或心理活动，故填terrified，表示“感到害怕的”。42A考查不定冠词。此处表示“一位穿着体面的贵族”，而且是初次提到，故用不定冠词。43and考查连词。句意：一位衣着体面的绅士走出马车并做自我介绍。两个动作之间为前后发生。44my考查代词。句意：你救了我儿子的性命。所填词指代说话者本人，故用形容词性物主代词my。45payment考查词

62、性转换。accept后面应接pay的名词形式payment，意为“款项，款额”。46waving考查非谓语动词。the Scottish farmer与wave off之间是逻辑上的主动关系，故用现在分词作状语。47proudly考查词性转换。修饰动词replied要用副词proudly。48If考查状语从句的引导词。从句表示条件，故用if引导，表示“如果”。49from考查介词。graduate from.是固定搭配，表示“从毕业”。50went考查时态。and连接的两个谓语动词的时态应保持一致，前面用的是graduated，故此处用went。.短文改错(共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分)

63、The summer holiday is coming.My classmates and I are talking about how to do during the holiday.We can chose between staying at home and take a trip.If we stay at home, it is comfortable but there is no need to spend money.But in that case，we will learn little about world.If we go on a trip abroad，w

64、e can broaden your view and gain knowledges we can not get from books.Some classmates suggest we can go to places of interest nearby.I thought that it is a good idea.It does not cost many，yet we can still learn a lot.答案The summer holiday is coming.My classmates and I are talking about to do during t

65、he holiday.We can between staying at home and a trip.If we stay at home, it is comfortable there is no need to spend money.But in that case，we will learn little about world.If we go on a trip abroad，we can broaden view and gain we can not get from books.Some classmates suggest we can / go to places

66、of interest nearby.I that it is a good idea.It does not cost ，yet we can still learn a lot.书面表达(满分25分)随着英语在世界范围内的使用越来越普遍，有人认为如果世界上的每个人都只讲英语，一切将会变得更加简单。请根据下表中的信息写一篇英语短文，并阐明你的观点。支持反对1.方便世界各地的人们进行交流沟通2.能更容易地理解人类的科研成果3.能节省人们学习语言的时间和精力1.不利于其他各种文化的保存和发展2.一种语言不能够准确地表达各种不同文化的本质和内涵你的观点注意：1.内容要包括以上提示，可适当发挥，以使

67、行文连贯；2词数100左右。参考词汇：内涵connotation 【参考范文】With the worldwide use of English，some people think that things would be much easier if everyone in the world just spoke English while others dont think so.Those who are for “only speaking English”believe that it is not only more convenient for people all over

68、the world to communicate with each other，but its easier for people to understand scientific research achievements.Whats more，people can save time and energy to learn other things.But others dont think so.In their opinion，only speaking English is harmful to the keeping and development of all the other cultures.Besides，one language cant exactly express the natures and connotations of various cultures.In my view，using only one language would make our life more difficult instead of making it easier.