2021-2022学年高中英语北师大版必修5讲义：UNIT 15 SECTION Ⅴ　READING （Ⅲ） （LESSON 4 .doc

1、Section Reading () (Lesson 4 & Communication Workshop).匹配下列单词的词性及汉语意思()1.acquire Aadj.值得的()2.worthyBvt.力劝，强烈要求()3.defenceCv.启发；鼓舞()4.ignoreDadj.有用的，有益的()5.assumptionEvt.(使)适应()6.urgeFadj.极其重要的()7.inspireGvt.忽视，不顾()8.vitalHn.保卫，保护()9.beneficialIvt.获得，得到()10.adaptJn.假定，假设答案15IAHGJ610BCFDE.选择下列句中相应词组的汉

2、语意思()1.Conditions here are not what she is accustomed to.()2.These foreigners have put forward a proposal for a joint venture.()3.We cant approve of this sort of thing.()4.His novels tend to be very boring.()5.As a whole, our efforts did not prove to be futile.答案15DBECA(教师用书独具)“Who questions much，sh

3、all learn much，and remember much.”Francis Bacon (15611626)It seems obvious now how we acquire knowledge and understanding. To start with，you need questions.Then，to find answers，you observe the world around you and study the facts.After that you consider possible answers and test each to find the rig

4、ht ones.Although today we are more accustomed to typing a few key words into a search engine and waiting for the Internet to spit the answer out for us，modern scientists and thinkers are still solving the worlds problems with this type of analysisluckily for us.However，in the 17th century when Franc

5、is Bacon suggested that this type of thinking was the way to gain knowledge， he was going against the views of the day.Bacon held an important rank under King James (15661625) of England but his true interest was not the day to day bureaucratic details of the government，but the worthy search for kno

6、wledge.This was certainly not the interest of most people in his day.At that time，people believed more in religion than in facts and people like Galileo Galilei (15641642)，who proved scientific ideas such as “the Earth is not the centre of the universe”，were often punished by the church with no one

7、coming to their defence.The church and many people tended to ignore the facts and were unwilling to challenge what they had always comfortably believed.They preferred to make assumptions about the world based on the experience of others.In fact，when Galilei proved that the Earth was not the centre o

8、f the universe，instead of believing him，people chose to believe views that were almost 2000 years old！“勤于提问的人学到更多，并且记忆更多。”弗兰西斯培根 (15611626)我们如何获取知识以及如何理解现在似乎很显而易见。首先，你需要问题。然后为了找到答案你观察自己周围的世界，并且研究事实之后你考虑可能的答案，并且加以测试来找出正确的答案。尽管我们现在更习惯于在搜索引擎敲进几个关键词，等待互联网吐出答案，现代的科学家和思想家们仍然在用这种分析方法来解决世界的问题对我们来说很幸运。然而，在17

9、世纪，当弗兰西斯培根提出这种思考方式是获取知识的方式时，他背离了当时的观念。在英国詹姆士(15661625)统治时期，培根是一位身居要职的官员，但是他真正的兴趣不是政府每日的繁文缛节，而是对知识的不断追求。这当然不是他那个时代大多数诗人的兴趣。那时人们更愿意相信宗教，而不是事实。伽利略(15641642)这样证明了例如地球不是宇宙的中心等科学观点的人常常受教会惩罚。教会和许多人经常忽略事实，不愿意去挑战他们一直坚信的一切，他们宁愿以前人的经验为依据对世界做出假设。事实上，当伽利略证实地球不是宇宙的中心时，人们不相信他的话，却要相信几乎是两千年以前的观点。助读讲解it作形式主语，真正的主语是ho

10、w引导的从句。when引导定语从句，修饰先行词the 17th century；that引导宾语从句。what引导从句作challenge的宾语。It is not surprising that people wanted to believe these ancient views as they had been put forward by the great philosopher Aristotle (384322 BC).He said that the Earth must be the centre of the universe because it felt like t

11、he Earth was standing still.Galilei disagreed.At first，people approved of his studies and urged him to continue，but later when he proved Aristotle wrong，they grew angry and put him in prison.They didnt want to challenge what theyd always thought was true.This also shows how people didnt want to sear

12、ch for their own understanding or educate themselves.And this is still often true today.People feel that if someone important and respected says that something is right，then it must be so.But even though Aristotle was a great man who inspired many great scientists and philosophers after him，he was w

13、rong at times. And Galilei too made mistakes.He is now known as the father of astronomy but he believed that the earth moved round the sun in a perfect circle.He was wrong.Therefore our understanding of the world around us is constantly growing and changing.In other words，we learn more every day and

14、 none of us can ever sit back and say，“We know it all”因为这些观点是伟大的哲学家亚里士多德(384322 BC)提出来的，人们愿意相信这些古老的见解这也不足为奇。亚里士多德认为地球是宇宙的中心，因为从感觉上来讲地球是静止不动的。伽利略不同意这种说法。起初，人们赞同他的研究并鼓励他继续进行，但是当他证实亚里士多德的观点是错误的时候，他们就生气了，把他关进了监狱。他们不愿意挑战他们向来认为是正确的东西。从这一点可以看出，人们是多么不愿意追求自己对事物的理解或自己教育自己。在今天，这仍然是事实。人们认为，如果某位重要的和受尊敬的人说某事是正确的，

15、那一定是正确的。但是即使是亚里士多德这样一位鼓舞了许多后继的科学家和哲学家的伟大人物，有时也会犯错误。伽利略也犯过错误。虽然他当时以天文学之父而闻名，但是他认为地球以一个精确的圆圈围绕太阳而转动。这是不正确的。因此，我们对周围世界的理解是不断的发展和变化的。换句话说，我们每天都在学习更多的东西，谁也不能悠闲地说：“我们都知道。”助读讲解It是形式主语，that引导的从句是真正的主语；本句中as引导原因状语从句。even though引导让步状语从句；who引导定语从句修饰先行词a great man。in other words换句话说。We need to thank the great m

16、en of the past for the wisdom to know that we dont know it all and probably never will，for that would mean a world without questions.So much of our knowledge and understanding of the world today is due to people like Bacon and Galilei，who were brave enough to step out from the shadows of conventiona

17、l thought in order to find the kingdom of knowledge that todays civilisation is built upon.These men knew that knowledge and understanding are things to fight for； more vital to a man，and more beneficial to mankind，some might say，than all the money in the world.“All truths are easy to understand onc

18、e they are discovered; the point is to discover them.”Galileo Galilei (15641642)我们要感谢历史上伟人的才智，它让我们懂得，我们不是什么都懂，也许我们永远有不懂的地方，因为那将意味着世界上没有问题了。我们今天对世界拥有这么多的知识和理解，是因为有培根和伽利略这样的人，为了发现建造今天文明的知识王国，他们勇敢地从传统思想的阴影中走出。他们懂得获得知识和理解是要奋斗的。有人说，对个人或人类来说，它比世界上所有的金钱都重要，都有益。“所有的真理一旦被发现都很容易理解：问题是要去发现它们。”伽利略(15641642)助读讲解

19、for是并列连词，表示原因。fight for为而战第一步速读了解文章主题和段落大意速读P4243教材课文，匹配段落大意1Para.1 APeople thanked the great man who study in a scientific way.2Para.2BThe writers suggestions of understanding things.3Paras.34CPeople believed in religion in ancient times.4Para.5DPeople believed in what someone important and respect

20、ed said.答案14BCDA第二步细读把控文章关键信息细读P4243教材课文，选择最佳答案1What is the first step to acquire knowledge and understanding?ATo find answers.BTo study the facts.CTo test answers.DTo put forward questions.2Who solve/solved problems by thinking and analyzing according to the passage?APeople nowadays.BPeople in the

21、17th century.CModern scientists and thinkers.DThe great philosopher Aristotle.3People in the 17th century didnt believe Galileo Galilei because .Athey believed more in religionBthe Earth was standing stillCBacon put forward the view that the Earth must be the center of the universeDGalilei couldnt p

22、rove his view that the Earth was not the center of the universe4Whats the aim of the writer when Aristotle and Galilei are referred to in the fourth paragraph?AAristotle was wrong.BIts unbelievable for great men to be wrong.CGalilei was wrong.DEveryone can be wrong at times.5Whats the main idea of t

23、he sentence “All truths are easy to understand once they are discovered; the point is to discover them”？AAll truths are easy to discover.BIts most important to discover truths.CIts more important to understand truths than to discover them.DIf we want to discover truths，we should first understand the

24、m.答案15DCADB第三步研读能力升华接轨高考根据P4243教材课文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式“Who 1.questions(question) much，shall learn much，and remember much.” said Francis Bacon.Now 2.it seems obvious how we acquire knowledge and understanding.However，in the 17th century，people 3.believed(believe) more in religion than in facts.

25、People with 4.scientific(science) new ideas may be punished by the church.As a result，people tended to ignore the facts and 5.were unwilling(willing) to challenge what they had believed.Till today，people still feel 6.that if someone important and respected says that something is right，then it must b

26、e so.7.But sometimes great men such as Aristotle and Galilei might make mistakes.Therefore our 8.understanding(understand) of the world around us is constantly growing and changing.In other words，we learn 9.more (much)every day and none of us can simply say，“We know it all”“All truths are easy to understand once they are 10.discovered(discover); the point is to discover them.” said Galileo Galilei.