2021-2022新教材外研版英语选择性必修第二册学案：UNIT 6 SURVIVAL SECTION Ⅰ STARTING OUT .doc

1、HOW DO BIRDS SPEND THE WINTER?The weather gets colder, days get shorter and leaves turn color and fall off the trees.Soon, winter is here.People live in warm houses and wear heavy coats outside.But what happens to the birds? Birds do many different, amazing things to get through the winter.Some of t

2、hem “migrate”This means they travel to other places where the weather is warmer or they can find food.Many birds migrate in the fall.Because the trip can be dangerous, some travel in large flocks.For example, geese fly in noisy, “V”shaped groups.Other kinds of birds fly alone.How do they know when i

3、t is time to leave for the winter? Scientists are still studying this.Many see migration as part of a yearly cycle of changes a bird goes through.The cycle is controlled by changes in the amount of daylight and the weather.Birds can fly very long distances.For example, the Arctic tern (北极燕鸥) nests c

4、lose to the North Pole (北极) in the summer.In autumn, it flies south all the way to Antarctica (南极)Each spring it returns north again.Most birds migrate shorter distances.But how do they find their way to the same place each year? Birds seem to navigate like sailors once did, using the sun, moon and

5、stars for direction.They also seem to have a compass in their brain for using the Earths magnetic field.理解Read the passage and answer the following questions.1. What kind of places are suitable for birds to live in winter?The places where the weather is warmer or they can find food are suitable for

6、birds to live in winter.2. Why do some birds fly in groups?Because the trip can be dangerous.3. What are the possible reasons why birds can find their way to the same place each year?First, birds seem to navigate like sailors once did, using the sun, moon and stars for direction.Second, they also se

7、em to have a compass in their brain for using the Earths magnetic field.积累1get through the winter 过冬2migrate v. 迁徙3in large flocks 成群结队地4cycle n. 循环5the Earths magnetic field 地球磁场Section Starting out & Understanding ideasThe Wild Within The crime took place in a seaside suburb of Cape Town.1Spotting

8、 the car with its window left open, the greedy thief didnt hesitate.Within seconds， he had reached inside and run away with a bag of shopping.2No matter how many crimes he committed， the police were powerless to arrest him.You see, this was no ordinary criminal：it was a chacma baboon.Once almost unh

9、eard of, scenes like this one in Cape Town are now common all over the world.With foxes in London, mountain lions in San Francisco and wild pigs in Hong Kong, it is almost 3as if our cities are being taken over by wild animals.1现在分词短语作时间状语。2No matter how引导让步状语从句。3as if引导表语从句，as if意为“似乎，好像”。People of

10、ten wonder about the reasons behind this mass urban migration.Most of us would assume that urban development and climate change are responsible for pushing the animals out of their natural habitats.4However true this is, we also need to consider that some of these socalled “urban animals” have never

11、 moved at all 5its we humans who have moved into their territory.6Wherever they go, animals find towns and cities in their way.With nowhere else to make their homes, they have no choice but to move in with us.4However引导让步状语从句。5本句为强调句型，强调主语we humans。6Wherever引导让步状语从句。Yet, for its newest and wildest i

12、nhabitants， a city can offer many benefits.7As our cities become greener, they offer increasingly appealing spaces to animals 8looking for new habitats.Out of reach from many of their natural predators， these newcomers often flourish in their new city lives.Today, foxes can be seen all over London o

13、ne even being found living on the 72nd floor of the Shard building when it was under construction！ Whats more, hungry animals are finding plenty to eat in our gardens and in the leftovers 9we throw away.7As引导时间状语从句，as意为“随着”。8现在分词短语作后置定语，修饰名词animals。9we throw away为定语从句，修饰名词leftovers，从句省略关系代词that/whic

14、h。One thing crucial to the increasing number of “urban animals” is their ability to adapt.There is evidence 10that urban racoons are more intelligent than their wild cousins, 11as they frequently have to figure out difficult problems such as how to open rubbish bins and other containers which they w

15、ould not find in the wild.Some animals have even changed their living habits to fit in with their new homes.Although naturally active at night, urban foxes come out in daylight if the reward is good enough.Their city location also means that they are getting a taste for the multicultural cuisine on

16、offer from the garbage， such as hamburgers, lamb kebabs and even garlic bread!10that引导同位语从句，作名词evidence的同位语。11as引导原因状语从句；which引导定语从句，修饰other containers。crime n罪，罪行take place 发生；举行seaside adj.海滨的suburb n郊区，城郊spot v注意到；发现greedy adj.贪婪的，贪心的thief n小偷，贼within seconds几秒钟之内commit v犯(错误或罪行)criminal n罪犯chacm

17、a baboon 南非大狒，大狒狒fox n狐狸take over占领；接管urban adj.城镇的，城市的assume v假定，假设；认为be responsible for 是造成的原因；为负责territory n地盘；领地have no choice but to do 别无选择只能inhabitant n栖息动物；居民appealing adj.有吸引力的look for寻找predator n掠食动物，捕食性动物newcomer n新来者flourish v生长茂盛，兴盛under construction (正在)修建中leftover n吃剩的食物，残羹剩饭；遗留物，残存物t

18、hrow away扔掉crucial adj.至关重要的，关键性的racoon n浣熊figure out理解，弄清楚container n容器fit in with 适合；与一致on offer 提供的，供使用的；待售的garbage n垃圾lamb n羔羊肉kebab n烤(肉)串garlic n(大)蒜For those animals 12that dont adapt, the city can be a dangerous or even deadly place.Unable to distinguish between blue sky and glass, birds cra

19、sh into windows at speeds of about 50 kilometres per hour.Recent studies estimate that between 400 million and 1 billion birds die from window impacts each year in the US alone.Shockingly, these deaths amount to around ten per cent of the total US bird population.Some species are more affected than

20、others.One theory behind this is 13that these birds have yet to change their migratory routes that take them through cities with highrise buildings.12that引导定语从句，修饰those animals。13第一个that引导表语从句；第二个that引导定语从句，修饰名词routes。14However they adapt to our ways of urban living, 15its important that we get a be

21、tter understanding of and even learn to appreciate our wild neighbours.16Only then can we look towards harmoniously sharing our urban habitats. 17Whatever the reasons behind these species entering our cities, one thing is for sure as its often a means of their survival, they could be with us to stay

22、.14However引导让步状语从句。15it作形式主语，that引导的主语从句作真正的主语。16本句为“only状语”置于句首引起的部分倒装句。17Whatever引导让步状语从句。deadly adj.致命的，致死的distinguish v区分，辨别crash into撞上at speeds of以的速度estimate v估计，估算die from死于amount to 等同；接近；总计migratory adj.迁徙的appreciate v欣赏；赏识for sure肯定地；无疑地参考译文城中的野生动物在开普敦的一个海滨郊区发生了一起犯罪活动。贪婪的窃贼在发现有辆车的车窗未关后，没有

23、丝毫犹豫。几秒之间，他把手伸进车窗，抓出一袋东西逃之夭夭。不论他犯罪多少次，警方都无法抓捕到他。要知道，这可不是普通的罪犯：它是一只大狒狒。以前，在开普敦发生的这种事几乎闻所未闻，但现在这种事在世界各地都时有发生。伦敦出现了狐狸，旧金山出现了美洲狮，香港出现了野猪，我们的城市就像是被野生动物给占领了。人们总想知道这种大规模城市迁徙背后的原因。我们大多数人会认为，城市发展和气候变化是造成这些动物离开其自然栖息地的原因。无论事实如何，我们必须得明白，在这些所谓的“城市动物”中，有一些根本就没有迁徙过是我们人类搬到了它们的领地里。动物不论走到哪里，都发现有城镇拦路。既然没有别处可以安家，它们别无选择

24、，只好搬来和我们一起住。不过，城市可以给这些最新的也是最野生的居民许多好处。随着我们的城市绿化越来越好，它们越来越吸引着寻找新栖息地的动物。由于远离自然界中的许多天敌，这些新来者往往在新城市生活中蓬勃发展。现在，伦敦随处都可以见到狐狸有一只甚至生活在当时在建的夏德大厦72楼！而且，饥饿的动物们从我们的花园里和我们扔掉的垃圾中找寻到大量的食物。对这些越来越多的“城市动物”来说，适应能力是关键。有证据显示，和野生的浣熊相比，城市里的浣熊更聪明，因为它们时常要想办法解决难题，比如怎么打开垃圾桶以及其他它们在野外不会见到的容器。为了适应新的家园，有些动物甚至改变了习性。尽管狐狸天生昼伏夜出，但如果回报

25、足够丰厚，城市里的狐狸会在白天出来。城市的位置也意味着它们可以吃到来自垃圾里的多元文化的菜肴，比如汉堡包、烤羊肉串甚至香蒜面包！对无法适应环境的动物来说，城市是个危险甚至致命的地方。无法分辨蓝天和玻璃的鸟类会以每小时50千米的速度撞向窗户。近期研究估计，仅在美国，每年就有4亿到10亿只鸟因撞向窗户而亡。令人震惊的是，这一死亡数量约占全美鸟类总量的10%。有些种类的鸟受此影响更大。一种理论认为，这些鸟类的迁徙路线让它们穿过这些有高楼大厦的城市，而它们还没有调整路线。不论它们如何适应我们的城市生活，更好地理解甚至学会欣赏我们的野生邻居是非常重要的。只有那时，我们才能展望与它们和谐分享城市栖息地的未

26、来。无论这些物种进入我们城市的原因是什么，有一件事是肯定的既然它们这么做通常是为了生存，那么它们就可以留下来和我们一起生活。Step One：Prereading Look at the title of the passage and the picture in the textbook.Think about what the title means and what problems these animals could encounter in cities.The title means the wild animals within the cities.These anima

27、ls may have difficulties finding food, shelters and mates.If people find them, they may be trapped or killed.Step Two：Whilereading .Read for the main ideaRead the passage quickly and choose the best answer.The text mainly tells us about .Aliving with wild animalsBthe protection of the habitatsCthe w

28、ild animals moving into citiesDthe protection of wild animals答案：C.Read for detailsRead the passage carefully and choose the best answers.1Why did the wild animals move into the cities?AHumans have entered their territory.BCity life is better than country life.CThe climate has never changed.DThe citi

29、es develop quite slowly.2What habitats do the wild animals need?AHabitats that are coloured green by humans.BHabitats like crowded cities without pollution.CHabitats being green, safe and having enough food.DHabitats having many leftovers thrown by humans.3What keeps the urban animals alive in the c

30、ities?AThe food given by humans.BThe protection from humans.CThe environment of the cities.DThe ability to adapt to new life.4What is the authors purpose in writing the text?ATo show his love for the wild animals.BTo introduce the new neighbours in cities.CTo share his experience of living with the

31、wild animals.DTo appeal to humans to live in harmony with the wild animals.答案：14ACDDStep Three：Postreading 阅读课文内容， 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。People often wonder about the reasons behind wild animals mass urban 1.migration (migrate)Most of us would assume that urban development and climate change are

32、responsible 2.for pushing the animals out of their natural habitats.With nowhere else to make their homes, they have no choice but 3.to move (move) in with us.As our cities become greener, they offer increasingly appealing spaces to animals 4.looking (look) for new habitats.One thing crucial to the

33、increasing number of “urban animals” 5.is (be) their ability to adapt.There is evidence 6.that urban racoons are more intelligent than their wild cousins, as they 7.frequently (frequent) have to figure out difficult problems that they would not have in the wild.For those animals that dont adapt, the

34、 city can be a 8.dangerous (danger) or even deadly place.Between 400 million and 1 billion birds die from window impacts each year in the US alone.Some species 9.are affected (affect) more seriously than others because they have yet to change their migratory routes that take them through cities with

35、 highrise buildings.However they adapt to our ways of urban living, 10.it is important that we get a better understanding of and even learn to appreciate our wild neighbours.重点单词1an increase in violent crime暴力犯罪活动的增加2a seaside city 一座海滨城市3a suburb of London 伦敦郊区4run after the thief 追赶小偷5do damage to

36、 both urban and rural environments 对城乡环境造成破坏6take out the garbage 把垃圾拿出去7a crucial factor 一个关键性的因素8the flavour of the garlic 大蒜的味道9restrict the number of visitors 限制游客的数量10commit robbery 犯抢劫罪11He is a greedy man.Nothing can stop his greed for money.(greed)12I really appreciate your timely help, so p

37、lease allow me to show my appreciation.(appreciate)13It is estimated that he will win the match but many people dont agree with the estimation.(estimate)14The container is too small and it can only contain about 100 ml water.(contain)1以side结尾的词countryside乡村lakeside 湖边roadside 路边alongside 在旁边；沿着边outs

38、ide 在外面inside 在里面2“主要的，重要的”形容词集合important crucialessential chiefsignificant main.重点短语1Some shops and supermarkets usually throw away (扔掉) unsold food before 8 pm.2It has been confirmed that the meeting will take place (举行) next week.3The new international airport is still under construction (正在修建中)4

39、Forty thousand children die from (死于) preventable diseases a day.5Dont brake suddenly or the car behind may crash into (撞上) your car.6Even to this day we dont know what happened for sure (肯定地)7No one could figure out (弄清楚) how he got to be so wealthy.8Production of the goods must fit in with (与一致) t

40、he needs of the society.典型句式1教材原句No matter how many crimes he committed, the police were powerless to arrest him.句式分析“no matter疑问词”引导的让步状语从句佳句仿写Word always gets out no matter how careful you are.无论你多么小心，总会有消息走漏。2教材原句Only then can we look towards harmoniously sharing our urban habitats.句式分析“only状语”置于

41、句首引起的部分倒装句佳句仿写Only when our theory combines with practice can we make progress.只有当理论与实践相结合时，我们才能取得进步。1commit v犯(错误或罪行)；自杀；承诺，保证；忠于；全心全意投入(工作、活动等)；花(钱或时间)(教材P62)No matter how many crimes he committed, the police were powerless to arrest him.不论他犯罪多少次，警方都无法抓捕到他。(1)commit an error/a crime/suicide做错事/犯罪/

42、自杀commit oneself to (doing) sth. 专心致志于；承诺/保证(做)某事(2)commitment n. 投入，花费；承诺，许诺，保证；(对工作或某活动的)献身，奉献make a commitment to sb./sth. 对某人/事作出承诺(3)committed adj. 尽心尽力的；坚信的；坚定的be committed to (doing) sth. 全身心地投入(做)某事，致力于(做)某事(经典佳句)The Chinese people are peaceloving and China is committed to promoting world pe

43、ace.中国人民热爱和平，并且中国致力于推动世界和平。练透一词多义(猜测加彩单词的含义)/单句语法填空He committed the crime under the influence of drink.犯(错误或罪行)The government has committed large amounts of money to housing projects.花钱Both sides committed themselves to settling (settle) the dispute peacefully.The companys commitment (commit) to pro

44、viding quality at a reasonable price has been vital to its success.He is a good man who is committed to his family as well as to his work.写美一句多译一旦你全心投入，你目标的实现就有了保证。The achievement of your goal is assured the moment you commit yourself to it.The achievement of your goal is assured the moment you are

45、committed to it.2container n容器；集装箱，货柜(教材P62)There is evidence that urban racoons are more intelligent than their wild cousins, as they frequently have to figure out difficult problems such as how to open rubbish bins and other containers which they would not find in the wild.有证据显示，和野生的浣熊相比，城市里的浣熊更聪明

46、，因为它们时常要想办法解决难题，比如怎么打开垃圾桶以及其他它们在野外不会见到的容器。(1)a plastic/metal container一个塑料/金属容器an airtight container 一个密封的容器a container ship 集装箱船(2)contain v. 包含，含有；容纳；克制，抑制(感情)contain oneself 克制自己(经典佳句)Anger is an acid that does more harm to the container in which it is stored than to any object that touches it.愤怒

47、是一种酸，它对储存它的容器的伤害大于它对任何接触它的物体的伤害。练透一词多义(猜测加彩单词的含义)/单句语法填空A container is a very large metal or wooden box used for transporting goods so that they can be loaded easily onto ships and lorries.集装箱，货柜Put a small amount of the powder into a container and mix with water.容器The package containing (contain) a

48、 birthday card is given to my mother.写美完成句子I was so angry that I just couldnt contain myself.我气愤极了，简直无法克制自己。3estimate v估计，估算 n(对数量、成本等的)估计；估价(教材P63)Recent studies estimate that between 400 million and 1 billion birds die from window impacts each year in the US alone.近期研究估计，仅在美国，每年就有4亿到10亿只鸟因撞向窗户而亡。(

49、1)estimate sth.at .估算某物的价为，估计某事的数为estimate sth.to do 估计It is estimated that . 据估计(2)estimation n. (对水平、数量等的)估计；判断，评价(经典佳句)Loyal in my heart filled with love, I cant estimate their enjoying the wealth.忠诚的爱情充溢在我的心里，我无法估计自己享有的财富。练透单句语法填空The firm estimated the cost of the new house at 10,000.At present

50、aircraft emissions are estimated to account (account) for about 2% of the total world CO2 emissions.According to rough estimation (estimate), the beautiful vase is worth over a million yuan.写美完成句子It is estimated that the building will be completed in ten months.据估计，大楼十个月内可以完工。4appreciate v欣赏；赏识；感激，感

51、谢(教材P63)However they adapt to our ways of urban living, its important that we get a better understanding of and even learn to appreciate our wild neighbours.不论它们如何适应我们的城市生活，更好地理解甚至学会欣赏我们的野生邻居是非常重要的。(1)appreciate sth./sb. 欣赏/赏识某物/某人appreciate (sb.) doing sth. 感激(某人)做某事I would appreciate it if . 如果我将不

52、胜感激(it作形式宾语)(2)appreciation n. 欣赏；感激(经典佳句)The longer you have to wait for something, the more you will appreciate it when it finally arrives.越是在漫长等待后到来的东西，越值得我们去珍惜。练透一词多义(猜测加彩单词的含义)/单句语法填空His talents are not fully appreciated in that company.赏识Peter stood by me when I most needed it.Ill always appre

53、ciate that.感激，感谢I really appreciate having (have) the chance to have a talk with you on this topic.Here I sincerely express my appreciation (appreciate) if you could help find the lost suitcase.写美完成句子I would appreciate it if you can reply to my letter at your earliest convenience.如果你能在方便时尽快回复我的信件我将感

54、激不尽。名师指津appreciate作“感激，感谢”讲时，其宾语不能直接接人。5restrict v限制，控制；约束(教材P64)Some environmentalists argue that we should restrict urban development to leave enough natural habitats for wild animals.一些环保主义者认为，我们应该限制城市发展，为野生动物留下足够的自然栖息地。(1)restrict sb.to (doing) sth.约束某人(做)某事(2)restricted adj. 有限的，受限制的；受控制的，受约束的b

55、e restricted to 限制(在某范围)(3)restriction n. 限制，约束(经典佳句)The history of science and technology has proved that too much knowledge and information sometimes hamper and restrict innovation.科学技术史证明，过多的知识信息有时反倒会妨碍和限制创新。练透单句语法填空We should restrict the number of students per class to 20 to guarantee the teachi

56、ng quality.The use of this kind of drug is restricted (restrict) in many countries.There is no restriction (restrict) on the number of people, so you can come to attend the meeting if you like.写美完成句子The speed is restricted to 30 kilometers an hour in this area.在这个区域，车速被限制为每小时30千米。句型公式：“only状语”置于句首引起

57、的部分倒装句(教材P63)Only then can we look towards harmoniously sharing our urban habitats.只有那时，我们才能展望与它们和谐分享城市栖息地的未来。“only状语”置于句首时，句子用部分倒装句，其中状语包括：状语从句、介词短语、副词等。(经典佳句)Only when one loses freedom does one know its value.一个人只有在失去自由后才知道自由的可贵。练透单句语法填空Only then did he realize that he was wrong.“Only by shouting

58、 am (be) I able to make myself heard，” he said.The pilot reassured the passengers.Only then did I realize how dangerous the situation had been.写美完成句子Only then did I understand what she meant.只有到那时我才明白她的意思。维度一品句填词1The farm that we visited yesterday is located in the suburb (郊区) of Beijing.2Penglai Ci

59、ty is a seaside (海滨的) city, located in the northeast of Shandong Province.3Winning this contract is crucial (至关重要的) to the success of the company.4He must be made to answer for his terrible crime (罪行)5Savings in both urban (城镇的) and rural areas have shown a rapid increase.6I asked three building fir

60、ms to estimate (估算) the repairs to the house.7His parents always had him weeding the garden, carrying out the garbage (垃圾) and delivering newspapers.8A predator (掠食动物) is an animal that kills and eats other animals.9Id appreciate it if you could let me know in advance whether or not you will come.10

61、He must be a newcomer to town and he obviously didnt understand our local customs.维度二词形转换1As one of the wealthiest persons in the world, his personal wealth is estimated (estimate) at around 90 billion.2The police caught two thieves (thief) the day before yesterday.3Food will last longer if kept in

62、an airtight container (contain)4The companys success this year would not have been possible without the commitment (commit) and dedication of the staff.5Scientists are studying the migratory (migrate) birds to learn their pathways and how they use the environment.6In China, the migration (migrate) o

63、f millions of young men and women from the countryside to cities is changing family life profoundly.7At last, the greedy (greed) man lost all his gold coins and became poor again.8I have no choice but to remove (remove) your name from the list.维度三固定搭配和句式1Ill catch up with you however/no matter how f

64、ast you run (无论你跑得多快)2Only after a years discussion did they finally reach an agreement (他们才最终达成了协议)3A new highway is under construction (正在修建中)between the two towns.4It took them about three hours to figure out how to start the machine (搞清楚如何启动这台机器)5Now we have no choice but to put off (别无办法只能推迟) the date of the meeting.6Dont tell her about the job until you know for sure (肯定地) we dont want to raise her hopes.