2021-2022新教材英语人教版选择性必修二（浙江专用）练习：UNIT 1　SCIENCE AND SCIENTISTS　READING AND THINKING WORD版含解析.doc

1、温馨提示： 此套题为Word版，请按住Ctrl,滑动鼠标滚轴，调节合适的观看比例，答案解析附后。关闭Word文档返回原板块。一Unit 1Reading and Thinking. 单词拼写1. If untreated, the illness can become severe(严重的). 2. I have two contradictory(相互矛盾的) responses to that question. 3. John brought the absolute proof(证据) that we needed. 4. In the rainforest, we have mult

2、iple (多种多样的)plants and wild animals. 5. There was no water in the building, just a pump (水泵)in the courtyard. 6. Many household (家用的)products are potentially harmful. 7. The drug is suspected (怀疑)of causing over 200 deaths. 8. We can handle(处理)up to 500 calls an hour at our new offices. 9. It is sai

3、d that drinking much pure(纯净的) water is good for health. 10. People should decrease(减少) the amount of fat they eat. . 选词填空once and for all, subscribe to, be to blame, thanks to, die from, in time, attend to, in general, find out, as a result of1. He might get there in time, but I cant be sure. 2. Th

4、anks to the wifes care, his health has really picked up. 3. As a result of his carelessness, he made a severe mistake. 4. After the accident, the main thing is to attend to the injured. 5. We have to handle this matter once and for all to avoid trouble. 6. The report reveals that human fault was to

5、blame for the accident. 7. I want you to do everything you can to find out who is responsible. 8. If you subscribe to this newspaper, youll get an extra magazine. 9. Forty thousand children die from the infection of this kind of germs a day. 10. In general, the people who take regular exercise are h

6、ealthier than those who dont. . 结合课文主题, 使用本单元词汇与句型写一篇80词左右的短文1. 2020年, 全球突然爆发了(break out)新冠肺炎疫情。2. 形势非常严峻(severe), 以至于住户(household)不能外出, 只能待在家里。3. 有证据(proof)表明这种病毒是可以人传染人的。4. 根据统计(statistics), 全球一亿多人被感染(infect)新冠肺炎。5. 多亏了(thanks to)无数优秀的科学家们, 一些国家的疫情得到了有效控制。6. 人们同意(subscribe to)这个观点: 这种病毒是人类共同的敌人, 不

7、能责备(blame)任何一个国家。7. 所有的国家都应该转变(transform )态度, 团结起来, 共同抗击疫情。In 2020, COVID-19 broke out in the whole world. The situation was so severe that households couldnt go out and had to stay at home. There is a proof that the virus can pass from person to person. According to the statistics, more than 100 mi

8、llion people have been infected with COVID-19. Thanks to numerous outstanding scientists, the epidemic has been effectively controlled in some countries. People subscribe to the opinion that the virus is the enemy of human beings and no country can be blamed. All countries should transform their att

9、itude and work together to fight with the epidemic. 完成句子1. The song sounds so sweet that I want to listen to it again and again. (so. . . that结构)这首歌曲听起来如此优美, 以至于我想一遍又一遍地听。2. Tom is going to have his computer repaired this afternoon. (have+宾语+过去分词)汤姆打算今天下午修理他的电脑。3. Her parents made sacrifices so that

10、 she could have a good education. (so that)为了让她受到良好的教育, 她的父母做了很多牺牲。4. It is obvious that it can enhance peoples consciousness of health, but it is more likely to result in over-anxiety. (be likely to)很明显, 它可以提高人们的健康意识, 但更有可能导致焦虑过度。5. I dont like the way Tom speaks to his parents. (the way作先行词)我不喜欢汤姆

11、同他的父母说话的方式。. 阅读理解A(2021丽江高二检测)You probably know who Marie Curie was, but you may not have heard of Rachel Carson. Of the outstanding ladies listed below, who do you think was the most important woman of the past 100 years? Jane Addams (1860-1935)Anyone who has ever been helped by a social worker has

12、 Jane Addams to thank. Addams helped the poor and worked for peace. She encouraged a sense of community (社区) by creating shelters and promoting education and services for people in need. In 1931, Addams became the first American woman to win the Nobel Peace Prize. Rachel Carson (1907-1964)If it were

13、nt for Rachel Carson, the environmental movement might not exist today. Her popular 1962 book Silent Spring raised awareness of the danger of pollution and the harmful effects of chemicals on humans and on the worlds lakes and oceans. Sandra Day OConnor (1930-present)When Sandra Day OConnor finished

14、 third in her class at Stanford Law School in 1952, she could not find work at a law firm because she was a woman. She became an Arizona state senator (参议员) in 1981, the first woman to join the US Supreme Court. OConnor gave the deciding vote in many important cases during her 24 years on the top co

15、urt. Rosa Parks (1913-2005)On December 1, 1955, in Montgomery, Alabama, Rosa Parks did not give up her seat on a bus to a white passenger. Her simple act landed Parks in prison. But it also set off the Montgomery bus boycott. It lasted for more than a year, and kicked off the civil-rights movement.

16、“The only tired I was, was tired of giving in. ” said Parks. 【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了四位伟大又有影响力的女性, 以及她们在各自领域的成就。1. What was the reason for OConnors being rejected by the law firm? A. Her lack of proper training in law. B. Her little work experience in court. C. The discrimination against women. D. The

17、 poor financial conditions. 【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据Sandra Day OConnor部分的第一句可知, 因为是女性, 她在律师事务所找不到工作。由此可知, 桑德拉戴奥康纳被律师公司拒绝是因为对妇女的歧视。故选C。2. Who made a great contribution to the equal rights of the citizens? A. Jane Addams. B. Rachel Carson. C. Sandra Day OConnor. D. Rosa Parks. 【解析】选D。细节理解题。根据Rosa Parks部分可知, 罗莎

18、帕克斯没有在公共汽车上给白人乘客让座。她的简单行为使自己进了监狱。但这也引发了蒙哥马利的公车抵制运动。它持续了一年多, 拉开了民权运动的序幕。由此可知, 罗莎帕克斯对美国民权运动做出了巨大的贡献。故选D。3. What can we infer about the women mentioned in the text? A. They are highly educated. B. They are truly creative. C. They are pioneers. D. They are peace-lovers. 【解析】选C。推理判断题。根据文章内容可知: 珍妮亚当斯是第一个获

19、得诺贝尔和平奖的美国女性; 雷切尔卡森的作品寂静的春天提高了人们对污染的危险性和化学物质对人类和世界湖泊和海洋的危害性的认识; 桑德拉戴奥康纳是美国首位联邦最高法院女法官; 罗莎帕克斯在公共汽车上拒绝为白人让座, 拉开了民权运动的序幕。由此推知, 文中提到的几位女性都是先锋人物。故选C。B(2021丽江高二检测)He Zehui, a Chinese nuclear physicist, accomplished great things in physics and became an outstanding scientist. Her family is famous for produ

20、cing three famous women scientists, including her two sisters. She graduated from Tsinghua University in 1936 with a degree in physics, and then went on to study at the Technical University of Berlin, where she was the top in her class, outperforming her future husband Qian SanqiangChinas “father of

21、 the atomic bomb”. In 1940, she earned a Ph. D. in Engineering. The couple made great discoveries in the field of uranium fission(铀核裂变), which drew global attention and earned them worldwide reputations, also marking a milestone in the development of Chinas experimental fission physics. Many Western

22、 media called the couple the “Marie Curie and Pierre Curie of China”. As one of the pioneers in nuclear science and technology in China, Professor He contributed a great deal to nuclear physics. During the 1950s, she started the research and development of nuclear emulsions(核乳胶)in China and their re

23、search reached the advanced world level at that time. He and her research group took the lead in building Chinas first nuclear reactor and accelerator. She was awarded the first Award of the National Prize of Natural Sciences for making outstanding achievements in supporting the national program of

24、nuclear weapon development. Throughout her career, He conquered many obstacles, and was always on the front lines of Chinas science-related work. She published dozens of papers yet placed little value on personal fame. The worlds top physicists recognized He as a famous scientist“ Chinese Madame Cur

25、ie”. He passed away in Beijing in 2011 at the age of 97, nearly 20 years after Qian Sanqiang. She dedicated herself to science, living a simple life, always nurturing young researchers and maintaining the highest standards that she had always valued. She loved her country and science; to both she is

26、 now an icon. 【文章大意】本文是一篇人物传记。文章介绍了“中国的居里夫人”何泽慧及其成就。4. What is the focus of Paragraph 2 about He Zehui? A. Identity background. B. Character personalities. C. Education experiences. D. Profession competence. 【解析】选C。主旨大意题。根据文章第二段介绍了何泽慧毕业于清华大学物理系, 随后进入柏林工业大学学习1940年, 她获得了工程学博士学位。可知, 本段主要介绍何泽慧的教育经历。故选C。

27、5. What do we know about Qian Sanqiang? A. He died following his wife in 1991. B. He won the National Prize of Natural Sciences. C. He assisted He Zehui to develop fission physics. D. He is also a remarkable Chinese scientist. 【解析】选D。细节理解题。根据文章第二段后半部分(她的成绩超越了她未来的丈夫、中国的“原子弹之父”钱三强, 成为班上的第一名。)和第三段介绍的夫妻

28、俩的成就可知, 其丈夫钱三强也是一位伟大的中国科学家。故选D。6. Why is He Zehui acknowledged as “The Chinese Marie Curie”? A. For her great contributions to nuclear physics. B. For her accomplishment in the atomic bomb. C. For her continuous achievements in natural science. D. For her research of nuclear emulsions. 【解析】选A。推理判断题。

29、根据第一段可知中国核物理学家何泽慧在物理学上做出了巨大成就, 成为一名杰出的科学家。根据第三段的最后一句可知许多西方媒体称这对夫妇为“中国居里夫人和皮埃尔居里”。根据第四段的第一句可知作为我国核科学技术的开拓者之一, 何教授对核物理做出了重要贡献。可推知, 因何泽慧对中国的核物理做出了巨大贡献, 西方媒体称其为“中国的居里夫人”。故选A。7. How can we fittingly describe He Zehui? A. Ambitious, talented, conservative and determined. B. Unselfish, patriotic, indiffere

30、nt to fame and devoted to science. C. Aggressive, imaginative, strong in mind and kind in heart. D. Knowledgeable, awesome, creative and sociable. 【解析】选B。推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段倒数第二句可知她发表了几十篇论文, 但并不看重个人名声。根据最后一段第二、三句可知她献身于科学, 过着简朴的生活, 总是培养年轻的研究人员, 保持着她一直以来所重视的最高标准。她爱她的国家和科学。可推知, 何泽慧淡泊名利、爱国、乐于助人, 献身于中国的科学事业,

31、 有极高的科研素养, 对中国的核物理的研究和发展做出了极大的贡献。故选B。【阅读多维训练】1. 句式仿写She was awarded the first Award of the National Prize of Natural Sciences for making outstanding achievements in supporting the national program of nuclear weapon development. 因在支持国家核武器发展计划方面取得突出成绩, 她被授予国家自然科学奖一等奖。句式仿写: Tu Youyou was awarded the No

32、bel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for her outstanding achievements in medicine. 屠呦呦因在医学方面的突出成就被授予诺贝尔生理学或医学奖。2. 长难句分析: She graduated from Tsinghua University in 1936 with a degree in physics, and then went on to study at the Technical University of Berlin, where she was the top in her class, outper

33、forming her future husband Qian SanqiangChinas “father of the atomic bomb”. 分析: 本句是一个复合句。句子的主语是She, 谓语是graduated和went, the Technical University of Berlin是先行词, 其后是定语从句。译文: 1936年, 她毕业于清华大学, 获得物理学学位, 然后继续在柏林工业大学学习, 在那里她是班上第一名, 成绩超过了她未来的丈夫钱三强中国的“原子弹之父”。. 阅读填句(2021威海高二检测)Franklins Experiment: How Much Is

34、 True? Benjamin Franklins famous lightning experiment has introduced generations of children to science. 1. The well-known story is that Franklin flew a kite during a storm in 1752. At that time, there was much interest in electricity. People wanted to know if lightning was really produced by electr

35、icity. 2. He raised the kite with a piece of string tied to it. A metal key was attached to the string. A flash of lightning hit the kite, and electricity was conducted through the string to the key. 3. “This”, he said, “proved that lightning was a form of electricity”. For years, schools have taugh

36、t this story and it has inspired us and taught us that scientific experiments are important to establish the truth and to contribute towards later scientific discoveries and inventions. However, neither the story nor the details of the experiment are entirely true. Although it has been proved that F

37、ranklins experiment took place, more than one scientist has questioned what really happened. 4. But scientists all agree that if Franklin had actually touched the key, he would certainly have died from the electric shock. Scientists often question accepted ideas because they want to establish the fa

38、cts. Some have even questioned the story about the apple that fell on Newtons head and led him to come up with his theory of gravity. 5. But in science, facts should be proved by experiments and research, and we should not always believe everything we read or hear even if it is a great story. A. Fra

39、nklin was one of them. B. The detail about the string and the key is true. C. Its true that many discoveries start with an experiment. D. Admittedly, fiction is often more interesting than the truth. E. Franklin then touched the key with his finger and got an electric shock. F. However, new research

40、 suggests that the story may be fiction instead of fact. G. This experiment proves beyond any doubt that lightning is an electric phenomenon. 【文章大意】这是一篇讨论文。文章主要讨论了富兰克林的实验有多少是真的? 因为在科学中, 事实应该通过实验和研究来证明, 不应该依据一个伟大的故事。1. 【解析】选F。 根据文章标题“富兰克林的实验: 多少是真的? ”和第四段前两句“然而, 这个故事和实验的细节都不是完全真实的。尽管富兰克林的实验已经被证明发生过,

41、但不止一位科学家质疑到底发生了什么。”可知, 富兰克林著名的闪电实验虽然让孩子们认识到了科学, 但这个故事可能是假的, 故选F。2. 【解析】选A。 根据前两句“那时, 人们对电很感兴趣。人们想知道闪电是否真的是由电产生的。”再根据后面富兰克林开展了闪电实验, 说明他对电很感兴趣。A选项“富兰克林就是其中之一。”切题。故选A。3. 【解析】选E。根据前两句“一把金属钥匙系在绳子上。一道闪电击中了风筝, 电通过绳子传导到了钥匙上。”和下一句“他说, 这证明了闪电是电的一种形式。”可推断出, 富兰克林通过自己触电来证明电的存在。E选项中的the key和an electric shock对应上文的

42、the key和A flash of lightning hit。故选E。4. 【解析】选B。根据前两句“然而, 这个故事和实验的细节都不是完全真实的。尽管富兰克林的实验已经被证明发生过, 但不止一位科学家质疑到底发生了什么。”可知, 承接上文, 富兰克林的实验虽不是完全真实, 但确实发生过, 可得出有关绳子和钥匙的内容是真的。故选B。5. 【解析】选D。由下一句“但是在科学中, 事实应该通过实验和研究来证明, 我们不应该总是相信我们所读或听到的一切, 即使它是一个伟大的故事。”可知, 承接下文, D选项“诚然, 虚构往往比事实更有趣。”切题。上下两句是转折关系, 虚构虽比事实有趣, 但科学要

43、严谨, 应该通过实验和研究来证明。故选D。. 完形填空(2021抚顺高二检测)Lydia Denton felt very sad when she learned about the incidents, in which many children died in the hot cars because they were accidentally left behind. But no one has come up with a good way to deal with the 1. The little girl, who would enter the seventh grad

44、e, decided to find a 2. Two years later, the 12-year-old girl from North Carolina won a $20, 000 prize for her 3, the Beat The Heat Car Seat, a car seat device measuring the 4 of a car. The device is able to 5 the parents of the danger when the inside of the car 6 reaches 38. 9. Lydia used part of h

45、er $20, 000 to continue to 7 her device with the hope of getting it to market as soon as possible 8 it can be something that will save lives and something that most people can 9 to get it. With her 14-year-old brother and 10-year-old sister, Lydia also 10 some of her prize money. They also helped br

46、ing the 11 in the car seat device. Her brother was really great at coding(编程), and her little sister would 12 them with some sweets or cakes. Lydias mom, a science teacher, said it was 13 to watch her three kids cooperate to think out a way to the problem that has 14 for years. “They have proven tha

47、t time and time again nothing is 15. I am really proud of them, ” she added. 【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文, 讲述了一个小女孩得知许多儿童被留在闷热的汽车里, 因高温而致死时, 她感到非常难过, 决定寻找破解的办法。经过两年的努力, 她凭借自己发明的一种能测量汽车内温度的装置获得了两万美元的奖金。1. A. discussionB. ideaC. problemD. experience【解析】选C。当Lydia Denton得知许多儿童因被意外地遗忘在闷热的汽车里窒息死亡的事件时, 她感到非常难过, 但是还没有人想出

48、好的方法来解决这一问题。 discussion讨论; idea主意; problem问题; experience经验。故选C。2. A. processB. solutionC. responseD. decision【解析】选B。没人想出好的办法解决这个问题, 所以Lydia决定自己找解决办法。 process过程; solution解决办法; response回答; decision决定。故选B。3. A. educationB. suggestionC. instructionD. invention【解析】选D。两年后, Lydia Denton因发明了汽车座椅装置而获得了两万美元的奖

49、金。 education教育; suggestion建议; instruction说明书; invention发明。故选D。4. A. temperatureB. conditionC. beautyD. quality【解析】选A。由下文中“reaches 38. 9”可知, 此装置能测量车内的温度。 temperature温度; condition条件; beauty美丽; quality质量。故选A。5. A. convinceB. persuadeC. warnD. cure【解析】选C。设计这个装置是为了检测温度, 所以当车内温度接近38. 9摄氏度时, 这个装置就会警告父母有危险。

50、 convince说服; persuade劝; warn警告; cure治愈。故选C。6. A. neverB. almostC. alwaysD. seldom【解析】选B。根据“reaches 38. 9”及“ the parents of the danger”可推测, 这个装置是在温度达到一个临界值才会报警。 never从不; almost几乎; always总是; seldom很少。故选B。7. A. changeB. rememberC. describeD. develop【解析】选D。Lydia想使汽车装置成为既能挽救生命又能买得起的发明, 所以需要继续研发。 change改变

51、; remember记住; describe描述; develop发展。故选D。8. A. so thatB. even ifC. as ifD. now that【解析】选A。Lydia用她的部分奖金继续研发她的装置, 希望能尽快投入市场, 这样它就可以挽救一些儿童的生命。 so that以便, 所以; even if即使; as if好像; now that既然。故选A。9. A. happenB. helpC. pretendD. afford【解析】选D。Lydia继续研发, 是为了帮助更多的人, 挽救更多的生命, 使大多数人都可以买得起。 happen发生; help帮助; pret

52、end假装; afford负担得起。故选D。10. A. sharedB. exchangedC. suppliedD. collected【解析】选A。根据With her 14-year-old brother and 10-year-old sister可知Lydia和她十四岁的哥哥以及十岁的妹妹共同分享了这笔奖金。share with和分享。 shared分享; exchanged交换; supplied提供; collected收集。故选A。11. A. varietyB. improvementC. productionD. advantage【解析】选B。根据下文可知, 哥哥和妹

53、妹他们也在帮助Lydia改进这个汽车座椅装置。 variety多样性, 变化; improvement改进; production生产; advantage优点。故选B。12. A. presentB. leaveC. serveD. charge【解析】选C。她的妹妹会帮忙端上一些糖果或蛋糕。 present提出; leave离开; serve服务, 端上; charge充电。故选C。13. A. relaxingB. embarrassingC. inspiringD. boring【解析】选C。这个问题已经存在多年, 未被解决。现在被三个孩子解决了, 所以很鼓舞人心。 relaxing令

54、人放松的; embarrassing使人尴尬的; inspiring鼓舞人心的; boring无聊的。由“think out a way to the problem that has for years. ”可知选C。14. A. disappearedB. existedC. appliedD. recovered【解析】选B。根据上文可知这是存在了很多年的难题。 disappeared消失; existed存在; applied应用; recovered恢复。故选B。15. A. impossibleB. traditionalC. perfectD. necessary【解析】选A。虽然问题存在多年, 但终被解决, 所以说没什么事是不能被解决的, 一切皆有可能。 impossible不可能的; traditional传统的; perfect完美的; necessary必要的。故选A。关闭Word文档返回原板块