2021-2022版高中英语人教版必修5学案：UNIT 1　GREAT SCIENTISTS　USING LANGUAGE WORD版含解析.doc

1、温馨提示： 此套题为Word版，请按住Ctrl,滑动鼠标滚轴，调节合适的观看比例，答案解析附后。关闭Word文档返回原板块。Unit 1Great scientistsUsing Language词汇知识自主学习. 用本单元适当的单词补全语境1. be responsible for this thing对这件事负责2. construct a building修建楼房3. contribute a lot of money捐献许多钱4. set off fireworks 燃放烟花5. a weather chart 天气图6. creative thinking创造性思维7. a posi

2、tive attitude积极的态度8. a hand movement 一次手的动作9. spin 3, 600 times a minute每分钟旋转3600次10. an enthusiastic volunteer热心的志愿者11. a cautious man谨慎的人12. reject an offer拒绝提议13. the secret of the universe 宇宙的秘密. 根据语境用适当的词补全短语1. The cold war came to an end. 2. He is trying to work on this project. 3. Four highwa

3、ys are under construction. 4. Three years ago, a study of overfishing led to sharp debate. 5. Apart from two men on watch in the engine-room, everyone was asleep. 6. To improve grade scores, teachers must be strict with the students. 7. He was punished for refusing to answer their questions. 8. We a

4、re all entirely responsible for our actions, and for our reaction. 9. I believe that each of us can contribute to the future of the world. 10. The scientists are cautious about using this medicine on humans. . 根据课文及汉语提示补全句子1. Mr smith had expected to attend the meeting (原打算去参加会议) at 10 this morning,

5、 but he didnt go. 2. Only when he returned home did he realize (他才意识到) what had happened. 3. With so many people to help us (有这么多人帮我们), we are sure to finish it in time. 4. As pace of life quickens (随着生活节奏的加快) things tend to change fast in the city. 阅读精析合作学习Task 1框架宏观建构: 整体理解Task 2文本微观剖析: 细节探究1. 根据文

6、章细节信息完成下列问题。(1)What made Copernicus frightened and confused? A. The fact that the earth was the centre of the solar system. B. The conclusion that the sun was the centre of the solar system. C. The fact that the earth goes around the sun. D. The fact that God made the world. (2)Why didnt Copernicus

7、publish his theory immediately? A. Because he didnt think it was complete. B. Because he was afraid of being attacked by the Christian Church. C. Because his friends forbade him to do so. D. Because no one supported his ideas. (3)When did Copernicus publish his theory? A. After his death. B. Before

8、he told his friends about it. C. As he lay dying in 1543. D. Copernicus theory was never published. (4)All the following make it strange if the earth was the centre of the solar system except that _. A. some planets in the sky seemed to stop or move backwardB. some planets in the sky appeared bright

9、er at times and less bright at othersC. some planets in the sky seemed to go forward in a loopD. the sun goes around the earth(5)Whats the Christian Churchs attitude towards Copernicus theory? A. The Christian Church objected to Copernicus theory. B. The Christian Church was in favour of Copernicus

10、theory. C. The Christian Church paid much attention to the theory. D. The Christian Church thought highly of Copernicus theory. 答案: (1)(5)BBCDA2. 运用语句知识解构课文中的长难句。(1)译文: 虽然他曾经尽力不去理睬那些数字, 然而他所有的数学计算都得出一个相同的结论: 地球不是太阳系的中心。(2)译文: 这样, 问题就来了, 因为天文学家以前发现过, 天上有些行星停顿下来, 往后移动, 然后再成环状向前移动。(3)译文: 他还提出地球在围绕太阳转的同

11、时, 它本身还自转, 这样就说明了行星运动的变化情况以及星球亮度问题。根据文章内容完成空格。Copernicus revolutionary theoryPara. 1backgroundThe (1)powerful Christian Church believed that the earth was the centre of the solar system. Copernicus concluded the (2)sun was the centre of the solar system. Para. 2causeAccording to the findings of (3)a

12、stronomers, it was (4)strange if the earth was the centre of the solar system. Para. 3processHe tried to find an answer, so he collected (5)observations and analysed them. He gradually (6)improved his theory until he felt it was complete. Para. 4resultHe placed a fixed sun at the centre of the solar

13、 system with the planets (7)going around it. Only the moon goes around the earth. He (8)published his theory in 1543. Para. 5influenceHis theory is now the (9)basis on which all our ideas of the universe are built. There is a direct (10)link between his theory and the work of some famous scientists.

14、 Task 3阅读思维升华: 主题实践1. 结合课文主题, 回答下列问题。What made it strange if the earth was the centre of the solar system? Some planets in the sky seemed to stop, move backward and then go forward in a loop. Other planets in the sky appeared brighter at times and less bright at others. 2. 根据提示, 运用本单元词汇与句型完成短文。(1)于敏

15、, 著名专家(expert), 为祖国的发展提出(put forward)了许多切实可行的建议。(2)为了保密的需要, 他近30年没和家人联系。为此有人责备(blame)他, 家人埋怨他。(3)他说: “为了国家, 我无怨无悔”。(4)他一心扑在(be absorbed in)工作上, 为中国科学(scientific)发展做出了巨大的贡献。_【参考范文】Yu Min, a famous expert, put forward a lot of practical suggestions for our countrys development. In order to keep secret

16、, he had been out of touch with his family for about 30 years. Some people blamed him for it. But he said that he would never regret it because it was for our motherland. He was completely absorbed in his work. He made great contributions to the scientific development of China. 要点精研探究学习1. contribute

17、 vt. & vi. 捐献; 贡献; 捐助*Plenty of fresh air contributes to good health. 大量的新鲜空气有益于身体健康。*The invention of paper was a great contribution to human civilization. 纸的发明是对人类文明的一大贡献。*Zhong Nanshan was rewarded for his outstanding contribution to fighting the COVID-19 epidemic in China. 钟南山先生因为在抗击新冠肺炎疫情斗争中做出了

18、杰出贡献, 获得了大奖。【词块积累】 (1)contribute to有助于; 对做出贡献contribute. . . to. . . 把奉献/捐助给(2)contribution n. 捐款, 捐助物, 贡献make a contribution/ contributions to/toward 捐赠/贡献给【巧学助记】图记contributeOnly when all contribute their firewood can they build up a strong fire. 众人拾柴火焰高。(喻指: 所有人都行动起来才能形成无比强大的力量)(1)语法填空。This new te

19、chnology contributes to constructing(construct) a high building. Everyone is willing to contribute food and clothes to the homeless people. Different teachers make different contributions (contribute) to a students growth. (2)Finally, some good English study websites contribute a lot to my improveme

20、nt in English. 最后, 一些好的英语学习网站也对我的英语提高起了很大作用。(3)(2020天津高考) I will also try my best to make a contribution to the society. 我也会尽力为社会做贡献。2. (be) strict with. . . 对严格的*If you are too strict with them, your children will see you as dictatorial. 如果对孩子要求太严, 他们会觉得你独断专行。*The teacher is strict with us and stri

21、ct in his work as well. 老师对我们要求很严格, 对他的工作也很严格。【词块积累】be strict in. . . 在方面要求严格be hard on sb. 对很严厉/要求很苛刻/要求很高(1)同义句改写。My parents were very strict with me when I was young. My parents were very hard on me when I was young. (2) Our teacher is not only strict in his work but also with his students. 我们老师对

22、工作和学生要求都很严格。3. make sense 讲得通; 有意义*It doesnt make sense to buy that expensive coat when these cheaper ones are just as good. 当这些便宜的衣服也一样好的时候, 买那件昂贵的衣服是没有道理的。*If that made sense, then who was to compensate for the fatalities of the H1N1 flu and HIV/AIDS? Who was to pay for the huge losses caused by t

23、he 2008 financial crisis? 按照这个逻辑, 谁来为H1N1流感作出赔偿? 谁来为艾滋病作出赔偿? 谁来为2008年全球金融危机造成的巨大损失作出赔偿? *In a sense, both answers were right. 从某种意义上来说, 两个答案都对。*Theres no sense in criticizing him. 批评他也没有用。【词块积累】make sense of弄懂的意思make sense to对有意义make no sense (to. . . )(对)无意义in a sense 在某种意义上 There is no sense in do

24、ing sth. 做某事是没意义的(2020江苏高考)The tiny shops made economic sense, according to Robert Kerr, a founder of Love Fone. 据Love Fone创始人之一的罗伯特科尔(Robert Kerr)说, 这些小商店具有经济上的意义。(1)语法填空。It makes sense to work on the problem before it gets out of control. There is no sense in forcing (force) yourself to get what y

25、ou dont want. It is necessary to explain your theory at length, otherwise the audience wont make sense of what you are trying to get across. (2)同义句改写。This sentence he has made doesnt make sense. This sentence he has made makes no sense. 4. cautious adj. 小心的; 谨慎的*The government has been cautious in i

26、ts response to the report. 政府对此报道反应谨慎。*He was very cautious about committing himself to anything. 他谨小慎微, 从不轻易表态。*She looked cautiously around and then walked away from the house. 她先小心地环顾了一下四周, 然后才离开了房子。【词块积累】 (1)be cautious about/of. . . 对小心谨慎be cautious to do sth. 小心做某事(2)cautiously adv. 谨慎地, 小心地(3

27、)caution n. 小心; 谨慎with caution小心翼翼地(2020全国卷)People with a history of such injuries might want to be cautious in adopting the sport. 受过伤的人在参与这项体育项目时会格外小心。(1)语法填空。Dad always drives with caution. In the face of online shopping risks, college students should be cautious to avoid (avoid). The governments

28、 are very cautious about setting a new policy and make no decision until they are quite sure it is the right one. (2)句式升级。Those numbers need to be treated cautiously. (将cautiously改为介词短语)Those numbers need to be treated with caution. 5. Only if you put the sun there did the movements of the other pla

29、nets in the sky make sense. 只有当你把太阳放在中心位置上, 天空中其他行星的运动才能说得清楚。【句式解构】(1)此句为主从复合句。only if引导的条件状语从句置于句首, 主句用倒装句。(2)“only +副词介词短语状语从句”置于句首时, 主句需用部分倒装。*Only if a teacher has given permission is a student allowed to leave the classroom. 学生只有得到老师的许可才能离开教室。*Only in this way can we live in more comfortable an

30、d beautiful surroundings. 只有用这种方式我们才能生活在更舒适更美丽的环境中。(1)句式升级。We can live in more comfortable and beautiful surroundings only in this way. (倒装句)Only in this way can we live in more comfortable and beautiful surroundings. (2)Only recently have I had time to read the book. 直到最近我才有时间读这本书。(3)Only those who

31、 accept this reality can lead a really full life. 只有那些接受这个现实的人才能过上真正丰富的生活。【要点拾遗】1. construct vt. 建设; 修建*They constructed shelters for the victims of this flood. 他们为洪灾的灾民建了避难所。 *(2020浙江高考) I tried making toy cars with cardboard boxes and constructing buildings from leftover cardboard and bits of wood

32、 my father gave me. 我试着用纸板箱做玩具汽车, 用父亲给我的剩下的纸板和木片搭建房子。*The launch marked the completion of the in-orbit construction of Beidou, the countrys largest space-based system. 此次发射标志着北斗全球卫星导航系统在轨部署完成, 北斗系统是我国最大的空间导航系统。*The representatives put forward some constructive proposals at the meeting. 会上代表们提出了一些有益的

33、建议。【词块积累】(1)construct sth. from/of sth. 用修建(2)construction n. 建设; 建造; 建筑物under construction 在建设中constructive adj. 建设性的; 有益的To acquire the habit of reading is to construct for yourself a refuge from almost all the miseries of life. (W. S. Mangham)养成读书的习惯就是为自己建造一个逃避生活中所有苦难的避难所。(W. S. 曼格姆)(喻指: 读书可以净化心灵

34、, 远离纷争的杂乱世俗)(1)语法填空。They are planning to construct (construct) a new supermarket. The building under construction is a public library. Mary put forward a constructive (construct) suggestion at the meeting. (2)同义句改写。The new airport under construction lies in the east of the city. (分词短语)The new airpor

35、t being constructed lies in the east of the city. 2. apart from 除之外; 此外*Apart from being fun and good exercise, swimming is a very useful skill. 游泳, 除了有趣和锻炼身体之外, 还是一项很有用的技能。*Apart from their house in the city, they also have a villa in the countryside. 他们在城里有一套房子, 此外在农村里还有一幢别墅。【易混辨析】apart from具有多重意义

36、, 既可代替besides, 也可代替except或except forbesides“除了之外(还有)”, 即把除去的部分也包括在整体之内except“除了之外”, 表示在整体中减去一部分, 除去的部分不包括在整体之内except for“除了之外”, 用于引出细节以修正和补充句子的主要意思(1)选词填空(besides/except/except for)。But besides all this, Hannah still has the normal life of a Winnipeg schoolgirl, except that she pays regular visits t

37、o homeless people. Except for his poor handwriting, his English is good. (2)Apart from/Except for a few grammatical mistakes, this composition of yours is well written. 除了几处语法错误之外, 你这篇作文写得不错。(3)Apart from providing warmth, what was fire used for? 除了用来取暖之外, 火还有什么用处? 3. positive adj. 积极的; 肯定的; 确实的*Pos

38、itive thinking and action contribute to success. 积极的思维和行动有助于成功。*We must take positive steps to deal with the problem. 我们必须采取积极步骤处理这个问题。*She tried to be more positive about her new job. 她力求对新工作更有信心。*Id say he had a generally positive attitude towards life and people. 我认为他对生活和人都普遍抱有积极的态度。【词块积累】be posi

39、tive about对有把握have a positive attitude towards对有积极的态度(1)语法填空。Whatever happens, we should maintain a positive attitude towards life. I cant be positive about what time it happened. (2)I believe that the Internet has positive effects on our lives. 我认为互联网对我们的生活有积极的影响。4. enthusiastic adj. 热情的; 热心的*He wa

40、s a tremendously enthusiastic teacher and that rubbed off on all the children. 他是一个满腔热情的老师, 他的热情也感染了所有的孩子。*You dont sound very enthusiastic about the idea. 你好像对这个想法不太感兴趣。*And as you can see, the children were really encouraged, and they were also enthusiastic to read all of these books. 你能看出来, 学生们都很

41、积极, 他们充满了热情, 去读所有这些书。【词块积累】(1)be enthusiastic about非常喜欢be enthusiastic to do sth. 非常喜欢做某事 (2)enthusiasm n. 热情(2020全国卷)I was always an enthusiastic reader, sometimes reading up to three books a day as a child. 我一直是个热心的读者, 小时候有时一天读三本书。(1)语法填空。She was even less enthusiastic about going to Spain. Althou

42、gh shes a beginner, she played with great enthusiasm (enthusiastic). (2)With the improvement of community environment, residents are more and more enthusiastic to take part in sports. 随着社会环境的改善, 居民健身积极性正在提高。5. reject vt. 拒绝; 不接受; 抛弃*Ive been rejected by all the universities I applied to. 所有我申请的大学都没有

43、录取我。*These feelings of rejection and hurt remain. 被拒绝和受伤的感觉还在。【词块积累】(1)reject sth. /sb. (2)rejectionn. 拒绝(1)语法填空。If people are unkind to him he feels rejected(reject). The rejection(reject) of the peace plan raises the threat of a more general war. (2)I have been rejected by Mom many times for askin

44、g for more allowance since I entered the university. 自从进入大学以来, 我多次要求增加零花钱都被妈妈拒绝了。主题活动迁移应用. 语用功能表达1. 描述科学家以及名人词汇achievement成就outspoken直率的considerate体贴的modest谦虚的attractive吸引人的charming迷人的 confident自信的energetic精力充沛的active主动的worthwhile值得的 specialist专家respect尊重pursuit追求look down upon看不起be determined to do

45、决心做devote. . . to. . . 献身于 second to none首屈一指lead a. . . life过着的生活be considered/regarded as被认为是 be aware of意识到be concerned about关心scientist科学家2. 介绍名人的常用句式. . . cannot help being moved. . . 忍不住被感动了. . . admire. . . because. . . 钦佩因为. . . optimistic about. . . 对持乐观态度She became. . . when she was. . . o

46、ld当大时成为She never gave up and struggled. . . 她从不放弃, 且努力. . . has set an excellent example to. . . 已为树立榜样We should value what we have. . . 珍惜我们所有的try our best to overcome any difficulty. . . 努力去克服困难. 话题情景交流Mary: Can you understand the Theory of Relativity? Tom: Of course not, I believe there no more t

47、han ten people can understand it in the world. Mary: I cant feel 1. the relation between time and space (时空关系). Tom: Me too. Mary: Einstein is so smart. Tom: How can he know what others dont? Mary: It is said that his IQ is 2. much higher than normal person (比正常人高得多). Tom: Thats not fair, he is born

48、 so smart? Mary: Most Jewish people are very smart. Tom: Thats true. Mary: Smart can not 3. guarantee success (保证成功), he is also very hard-working. Tom: Yes, and he do not 4. care about the awards (关注奖项). Mary: Its really admirable. 课时检测素养达标. 语段填词1. The workers are constructing the bridge damaged by

49、 the flood, and the bridge under construction connects the road with the town. (construct)2. The scientist Yuan Longping has made great contributions to the world and this contributed to his becoming famous. (contribute)3. Scientists are cautious people. They do things with caution. (caution)4. Beca

50、use the air has trouble moving, the movement of heat is greatly reduced. (move) 5. He is responsible for the safety of the whole company, so he had to take the responsibility for this matter. (responsible). 用适当的介词、副词或连词填空1. I am responsible for the matter. None of others business. 2. At last the lon

51、g, hard winter came to an end, and in its place came the warm spring. 3. Apart from my host, I didnt know a single person there. 4. Mothers who are extremely strict with their children are called tiger mothers. 5. Its his carelessness that led to his failure. 6. With the help of my English teacher,

52、I made sense of the passage. 7. The expert contributed greatly to this scientific conclusion. 【补偿训练】He was awarded a prize for his contribution to world peace. 8. They worked on the building all through the winter. 9. You should be cautious about the cure for this disease. 10. Its said that the new

53、railway is under construction. . 完成句子1. I had expected to speak but time didnt permit. 我本想发言, 但是时间不允许。2. Only then did he realize that he made a great mistake. 直到那时他才意识到他犯了一个大错误。3. As we grow older, we get wiser. 随着年龄的增长, 我们会变得更聪明。4. With time going by, I gradually understand my fathers words. 随着时间的

54、流逝, 我逐渐明白了父亲的话。. 短文改错假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文, 请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误, 每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加: 在缺词处加一个漏字符号(), 并在其下面写出该加的词。删除: 把多余的词用斜线()划掉。修改: 在错的词下划一横线, 并在该词下面写出修改后的词。注意: 1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词; 2. 只允许修改10处, 多者(从第11处起)不计分。Nicolaus Copernicus was frightened and his mind was confusing, because he

55、found that the earth was not the centre of the solar system. Only if you put the sun there did the movements of the other planet in the sky make a sense. Yet he could not tell someone about his theory as the powerful Christian Church would have punished him for even suggest such an idea. So between

56、1510 and 1514 he worked on it, gradually improved his theory until he felt it was complete. In 1514 he showed it privately to his friends. He suggested that the earth was spinning as it went round the sun. His friends are enthusiastic and encouraged him to publish his ideas, and Copernicus was cautious, and did not want to be attacked by the Christian Church. Certainly he was right to careful. The Christian Church rejected his theory, saying it was against Gods idea. However, Copernicus theory is now the basis on that all our ideas of the universe are built. 答案: