2021高考湘教考苑英语一轮复习教材研读：专题四　介词和介词短语 WORD版含解析.docx

1、专题四介词和介词短语介词是每年高考语法填空题型中的高频考点之一,考查内容主要涉及with, by等常用介词的主要用法及介词与动词、形容词和名词等构成的固定搭配。常用介词的基本用法单句填空1.(2019课标全国卷)Modern methods tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid-1980s, and are expensive to perform consistently over a large area.1.答案of/for考查介词。名词method后接介词of/for,表示“的方法”。

2、2.(2017课标全国卷)This trend, which was started by the medical community (医学界) a method of fighting heart disease, has had some unintended side effects such as overweight and heart diseasethe very thing the medical community was trying to fight.2.答案as分析句子结构可知,as在此处作介词,表示“作为一种抵抗心脏病的方式”。3.(2017课标全国卷)It ran

3、 for just under seven kilometers and allowed people to avoid terrible crowds on the roads above as they travelled to and work.3.答案from考查介词。此处是指“当他们上下班时”。4.(2017课标全国卷)After school she plans to take a year off to model full-time before going to university to get a degree engineering or architecture.4.

4、答案in名词degree意为“学位”,后面应该跟介词in,表示“在方面”。a degree in engineering or architecture意为“工程学或建筑学学位”。5.Chopsticks are not used everywhere in Asia. In India, for example, most people traditionally eatwith their hands.5.答案withwith ones hands“用某人的手”。介词with意为“用”。表示时间的介词at表示时间点、具体时刻等。at 6 oclock;at daybreak (2018天津

5、卷)The global population is expected to grow to 9.6 billion by 2050, and some analysts estimate that food production will need to be raised by 50 percent to maintain current levels.到2050年,全球人口数量预计将增长到96亿人。一些分析学家估计食品生产量需要增长50%才可以保持现状。In Britain, its not unusual to have a business meeting over breakfas

6、t.在英国,早餐时间开商务会议并不稀奇。on表示具体的日子或一个特定的时间或具体的某一天的上午、下午或晚上(常有前置定语或后置定语修饰)。on Monday afternoon;on a rainy day morningin表示在某段较长的时间内。in the 20th century;in winter;in September;in the morningin/after在之后。“in+时间段”常与将来时连用;“after+时间段”常与过去时连用since后接时间点,“自从以来”for后接时间段,“长达”until/till直到by到为止;不迟于during在期间before在之前ove

7、r在期间;直到结束through一直,自始至终表示方位的介词at后常接相对较小的地方The dog jumped over some bushes and saw the little stream.那只狗跳过几丛灌木看到了小溪。The sunlight came in through the windows in the roof and lit up the whole room.阳光透过天窗,照亮了整个房间。in后常接相对较大的地方或某一个大的范围on在上(beneath)across从的表面穿过;在对面through从的内部穿过over从的上面跨过(under)above指离开物体表面

8、而在其上方,但并不一定是垂直向上。还可指数目、数量、水平、年龄等“超过,多于,大于”(below)表示方式的介词表示使用的工具、手段、材料时,with,by,in,on都意为“用”。(1)with多指用具体的工具、身体的某部位或器官;(2)by侧重指使用某种方法、手段或乘坐某种交通工具;(3)in指使用某种语言、笔墨等;(4)on多用于固定词组中。by train乘火车on the radio通过收音机on TV通过电视with a pencil用铅笔besides意为“除之外(还有)”,相当于in addition to。Apart from good service,the restaur

9、ant offers different kinds of traditional Fujian dishes.除优质的服务外,这个饭店还提供各种各样的传统福建菜。except意为“除之外(别无)”,可接名词、代词、介词短语和从句。but意为“除之外”(= except)。apart from既可相当于besides或in addition to,也可相当于except for。other than意为“除之外(别无)”。表示原因的介词(短语)for,because of,due to,thanks to,owing to, on account of, as a result ofThe o

10、pen-air celebration has been put off because of the bad weather.因为天气不好,这次户外庆祝会被推迟了。特别提醒上述中的短语除due to不仅可作状语还可作表语外,其他短语只能作状语。thanks to 表示“多亏,幸亏”,多位于句首。其他常考的介词against违背,反对;倚靠;以为背景,衬托She drove so fast at the turn that the car almost went off the road.她在转弯处开得如此快,以至于车差点偏离公路。Tired, Jim was fast asleep with

11、 his back against a big tree.吉姆累了,背靠着一棵大树很快睡着了。beyond(范围、限度)超出,为所不能及by程度或增减的幅度;按计despite尽管for(表示目的)为了;(表示对象或用途)给;因为;就而言;赞成,支持with和在一起;和,跟;具有,带有;(表示伴随)随着within(范围、程度)在内without没有off(表示位置)在的外面;(表示方向)偏离;从离开常用介词短语与搭配单句填空1.(2019课标全国卷)We were first greeted with the barking by a pack dogs, seven to be exact

12、.1.答案of考查介词。a pack of是固定用法,意为“一群”。2.(2018课标全国卷)I was searching these three western lowland gorillas Id been observing.2.答案for考查介词。search for意为“寻找”,为固定搭配。3.But my connection with pandas goes back my days on a TV show in the mid-1980s.3.答案to考查介词。go back to是固定搭配,意为“追溯到”。4.Most of us are more focused ou

13、r tasks in the morning than we are later in the day. 4.答案on考查介词。句意:我们中的大多数人在早上的时候会比我们在一天中的晚些时候更加集中注意力于我们的工作。固定短语be focused on意为“集中于”。故填on。高考中的语法填空将更加注重对介词短语及搭配的考查,介词与名词、介词与形容词、介词与动词的搭配是高考考查的难点。介词与动词的搭配take advantage of利用thank sb. for sth.为某事感谢某人have an effect on对有影响separate.from把与分开make a list of列出一

14、张的单子play with同一起玩;玩弄say goodbye to对说再见contribute to贡献;有助于;促成provide sb. with sth.提供某人某物rely on依靠refer to提及;参考;查阅pass by经过care about关心;在意feel like想要call for需要pay for为付款apply for申请begin with以开始介词与形容词构成的搭配1.be+adj.+aboutbe anxious about为而忧虑be curious about对好奇be particular about对讲究/挑剔be worried/concerne

15、d about为担心2.be+adj.+atbe angry at对生气be good at擅长be astonished at对吃惊be present at出席3.be+adj.+inbe absorbed in专注于be active in积极于be dressed in穿着be engaged in忙于be rich in富含be occupied in忙于4.be+adj.+forbe eager for渴望be famous for因而著名be fit for适合,胜任be ready for准备好be sorry for对感到抱歉be prepared for为做好准备5.be+

16、adj.+frombe absent from缺席be different from不同于be far from远离be free from不受影响6.be+adj.+tobe close to接近be devoted to致力于be equal to等于be familiar to为所熟悉be friendly to对友好be harmful to对有危害be kind to对友好be similar to与相似be grateful to对心存感激7.be+adj.+ofbe aware of意识到be fond of喜欢be proud of因而自豪be short of缺乏8.be+a

17、dj.+withbe busy with忙于be familiar with对熟悉be combined with与结合be patient with对有耐心be popular with受欢迎be pleased with对感到满意be angry with (sb.)对(某人)发怒1.“at+n.”表示状态at peace处于和平状态at war在战争中at work 在工作2.其他以at开头的介词短语at the beginning of在的开始at the cost of以为代价at the risk of冒的危险at the mercy of在支配下3.“on+n.”表示状态on e

18、xhibition/show在展出on fire着火on sale出售,打折on holiday/vacation在度假4.其他以on开头的介词短语on account of因为on behalf of代表on no account/condition 决不5.“by+n.”表示方式by accident偶然by air/plane乘飞机by chance偶然by nature天生地by coincidence碰巧by hand用手by mistake错误地6.“in+n.”表示方式in cash用现金付款in depth在深度上in detail详细地in effect事实上in lengt

19、h在长度上in English用英语7.其他以in开头的介词短语in no time立刻in no way决不in place of代替in possession of拥有,占有in addition to另外in charge of掌管in return作为回报in spite of尽管in exchange for作为交换in favor of支持,赞成in case of 万一;如果;假如in honour of向表示敬意in memory of 为了纪念in support of支持8.“of+n.”表示特征(等于相应的形容词)of benefit有益处的of help有帮助的of i

20、mportance重要的of significance有重大意义的of use有用的of value有价值的9.“out of+n.”表示状态out of balance失去平衡out of breath上气不接下气out of control不受控制out of date过期out of order出故障out of sight看不到out of question毫无疑问out of work失业10.“under+n.”表示被动under attack遭到袭击under pressure在压力下under treatment在治疗中under control处于控制之下11.“with+n

21、.”表示方式with delight/joy高兴地with difficulty困难地with ease轻而易举地with fear害怕地with pleasure乐意地12.“beyond+n.”表示“超出,难以”beyond compare无与伦比beyond reach够不到beyond description难以描述beyond expression/words难以表达其他的搭配next to紧挨着in between在中间,在两者之间instead of代替regardless of不管,不顾according to根据along with随着together with连同but f

22、or要不是up to直到;由而定易错用的介词with the help of在的帮助下;under the leadership of在的领导下;the article in the newspaper报纸上的文章;a hole in the wall 墙上的洞;a bird in the tree树上的鸟;apples on the tree树上的苹果;tickets for/to the concert音乐会的票;in the direction of朝着的方向;set an example to sb.给某人树立榜样.单句填空1.(2019河北保定摸底考试)A report publis

23、hed on Dec. 6 says this style of health care, which includes different forms herbal medicine and exercise, has spread to 183 countries and regions.1.答案like句意:12月6日发表的一篇报道称,此类医疗保健已经传播到了183个国家和地区,它包括不同的形式,比如草药和锻炼。设空处后的herbal medicine和exercise被用来列举,故设空处填介词like,意为:比如。2.(2019海南儋州一次统测)Jin Yong has many fa

24、ns outside of Chinese-speaking areas, as a result many adaptations of his works made into films, television series, comics and video games.2.答案of句意:因为金庸的许多作品被改编为电影、电视连续剧、连环漫画及电子游戏,所以他在华语地区外也有大量粉丝。根据句意,填of构成as a result of短语。3.(2019湖北孝感一中、应城一中等五校期中联考)Sleep might be one answer the problem.3.答案to句意:睡眠可能

25、是这个问题的一个解决方法。名词answer需与介词to连用,意为“的解决方法”。4.(2019河北衡水中学一调)As we all know, Hangzhou, a beautiful city, won the bid September 16th, 2015.4.答案on考查介词。句意:众所周知,在2015年9月16日,一个美丽的城市杭州,申办成功。表示“在具体某日”要用介词on。5.(2019湖北重点高中联考协作体期中考试)Its great importance to ask for help and let people know how you feel if you are w

26、orried or anxious.5.答案of考查介词。句意:如果你感到担心或焦虑,寻求帮助并且让人们知道你的感受是非常重要的。be of importance=be important。6.(2019湖北鄂东南教育教学改革联盟期中考试)But on Saturday (Sept.1), millions of parents watching the show disapproved of the endless ads delaying the show12 minutes.6.答案by句意:但是在周六(9月1日),几百万观看该节目的家长对冗长的广告推迟节目播出时间达12分钟,表达了不满

27、。本题考查介词。设空处与后面的12 minutes表示“推迟的时间”故填by。7.(2019湖北名校大联考)Walt Disney developed an early interest in drawing. He took art classes as a boy and got a job as a commercial designer the age of 18.7.答案at句意:华特迪士尼很早就对绘画产生了兴趣。小的时候他就上绘画课,18岁时获得了一份商业设计师的工作。at the age of.为固定短语,意为:在岁时。8.(2019闽粤赣“三省十校”联考)A total of

28、956 swimmers from 31 countries and regions (include) the United States, Russia and Britain will take part in the enjoyable event. 8.答案including句意:来自包括美国、俄罗斯、英国等31个国家和地区的总共956名游泳选手将参加这一令人愉悦的赛事。including为介词,意为“包括”。9.(2019广东佛山教学质检)Parents should do their best to talk to their sons and daughters their s

29、choolwork and future plans but should not push them to talk if they dont want to.9.答案about句意:家长应尽他们最大的努力和他们的儿女谈论他们的学业和未来计划,但是如果他们不愿意谈,也不该强迫他们。talk to sb. about sth.和某人谈论关于某事。10.(2019湖南六校联考)In many places like Britain and Italy, if you leave the house without your wallet, youll be a difficult situati

30、on all day.10.答案in句意:在很多像英国和意大利这样的地方,如果你没有带钱包就出门,你整天都会处于困境。in a(n).situation 意为“处于处境”,为固定搭配。.语法填空(2019山东潍坊二模)Cambridge University in the UK acknowledged on Monday that it did consider a Chinese students score on the national college entrance exams known 1 the gaokao for new admissions. It also stres

31、sed that admissions are not only based on test scores but a comprehensive 2(assess) of each applicant. The response came after inquiries poured in over the last two days 3(follow)news reports claiming Cambridge started accepting Chinas gaokao scores from new 4(applicant).The reports 5(apparent)raise

32、d hopes of many Chinese students and parents 6 thought entrance requirements to the storied university had now become somewhat 7(easy). Many netizens even joked 8 they could retake their gaokao and get a better mark they would apply to the famed university. The university, however, says it 9(conside

33、r)gaokao scores for years, requiring a student 10(rank)in the top 0.1 percent on the test in their province. Students also have to pass the still-required test, IELTS.In addition to Cambridge University, there are six other universities in the UK that recognize gaokao scores.1.2.3.4.5.6.7.8.9.10.答案语

34、篇解读英国剑桥大学考虑接受中国学生的高考成绩,达到标准要求就可以申请入学。1.as考查介词。be known as为固定用法,意为:被称为。2.assessment考查名词。此处指每一个申请者的综合评价。设空处前有不定冠词和形容词修饰,所以要用其名词形式。3.following考查非谓语动词。设空处是非谓语动词作定语,与其所修饰的名词The response之间是主动关系,所以要用v.-ing形式。相当于which followed。4.applicants考查名词。此处表达:新的申请者的高考分数。applicant是一个可数名词,根据语境可知“申请者”有很多,所以要用其复数形式。5.appa

35、rently考查副词。此处表达:这些报道显然提高了很多中国学生和家长的希望。设空处单词修饰谓语动词raised,所以要用其副词形式。6.who/that考查定语从句。设空处引导的是定语从句,修饰先行词Chinese students and parents,关系词在从句中充当主语,所以要用关系代词who/that引导。7.easier考查比较级。此处表达:达到录取要求比原来变得更容易了。所以要用形容词的比较级easier。8.if考查宾语从句。设空处引导的是宾语从句,根据语境可知该从句应该用if引导,意为:是否。9.has considered考查动词时态。句意:然而,剑桥大学说他们已经考虑高考成绩好几年了。设空处是句子的谓语动词,根据时间状语for years可知,此处应该用现在完成时。10.to rank考查不定式。require sb. to do sth.要求某人做某事。