山西省2012高考英语二轮复习专题训练：阅读理解（61）.doc

1、山西省2012高考英语二轮复习专题训练：阅读理解（61）阅读下面短文，从短文后所给各题的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。AThe Hearst CastleHearst Castle is a palatial park on the central California coast and a National Historic LandmarkIt was designed by architect Julia Morgan for William Randolph Hearst from 1919 until 1947In 1957 , the Hearst

2、Corporation donated the fortune to the state of CaliforniaSince that time it has been maintained as a state historic park where the estate and its considerable collection of art and antiques are open for public toursDespite its location far from any urban center, the site attracts roughly one millio

3、n visitors per yearGuided ToursThere are several tours which highlight various parts of the castle and gardensTour One is recommended for first time visitorsIt now includes the movie, Hearst Castle Building the DreamTour Two gives visitors a closer look at the main houses upper floors, Mr.Hearsts pr

4、ivate suite, the libraries, and the kitchenTour Three looks at the Castles North Wing, guest rooms and guest house Casa Del MonteTour Four features the impressive gardens and grounds, the largest guesthouse, the wine basement, and the Hidden TerraceThe evening tour is a special tour that allows visi

5、tors to experience the Castle at night as one of the Hearsts own visitors might haveTicket PricesHearst Castle accepts VISA, MasterCard, American Express and DiscoverFree day use parking is available for automobiles, motorcycles, tour buses and recreational vehiclesTOURSADULTAges 6 17Experience Tour

6、$24$12Tours 2, 3 or 4$24$12Evening tour$30$15* Children under 6 are free when accompanied by a paying adultReservation InformationWhile tickets may be purchased at the Visitor Center upon arrival, tour reservations are strongly recommended and may be reserved online now or by calling 1 - 800 - 444 -

7、 4445, see below for timesReservation Call Center HoursDatesMonday-FridaySaturday-SundayMarch-September8AM to 6PM8AM to 6PMOctober-February9AM to 5PM9AM to 3PMVisit wwwhearstcastleorg for more information1Who does the Hearst Castle belong to at present?AWilliam Randolph HearstBJulia MorganCThe state

8、 of CaliforniaDThe Hearst Corporation2If you are quite interested in wine, which tour will you choose?ATour One BTour Two CTour Three DTour Four3If a young couple take Tour One with their 5-year-old son, how much will they pay for the tickets?A36B60 C48 D754Which of the following is the available ti

9、me to book tickets by phone?AAt 8 AM on Monday in FebruaryBAt 9 AM on Sunday in MarchCAt 7 PM on Friday in SeptemberDAt 6 PM on Saturday in OctoberB At present, in many American cities especially, many teachers in the public schools say they are underpaid. They point to jobs such as secretary or tru

10、ck driver, which often pay more to start than that of a teacher. In many other fields, such as law, medicine, computer science, a beginning worker may make more than a teacher who has taught for several years.Teaching has never been a profession that attracted people interested in high salaries. It

11、is by history a profession that has provided rewards in addition to moneythe satisfaction of sharing knowledge, of influencing others, of guiding young people. But in the past several years, there are more difficulties in teaching, for many, than there are rewards. Unruly students, especially in big

12、 cities, large classes and a lack of support from the public in terms of money and understanding have led many public school teachers to leave the profession.As a result, many of the best students, who would have chosen teaching as their life career in the past, are going into other fields.Another r

13、eason for this change in teacher candidates is the changing status of women in the United States. Until the late 1960s and 1970s, one of the most popular choices for women was teaching. But as other professions, such as law and medicine opened up to women, women stopped pouring into teacher training

14、 programs. Thus, a major pool of excellent candidates for the teaching profession dwindled.Bit by bit government officials and others realized that the status of the teacher had suffered. They talked about change. But the change in a vast society like the United States is not easy. Peoples attitudes

15、 have formed over many years, and sometimes change takes many years.5The underlined word “that” in Paragraph 1 refers to “ ”.AmoneyBjob CsecretaryDtruck driver6What is the present situation of the teaching?ATeachers work harder and get underpaid.BTeachers have no opportunities to work in other field

16、s.CTeaching can attract best students to work as a teacher.DTeaching can provide rewards as well as high salaries.7Many public school teachers turn to other professions because .Athe government doesnt financially support themBthey have to work longer hours than a lawyerCtheir students refuse to list

17、en to themDthey are not fairly treated8The author believes that change in teachers status in the United States .Ais not greatBis impossibleCinfluences peoples attitude Dneeds timeC Habits are a funny thing. We reach for them mindlessly, setting our brains on auto-pilot and relaxing into the unconsci

18、ous comfort of familiar routine. “Not choice, but habit rules the unreflecting creatures,” William Wordsworth said in the 19th century. In the ever-changing 21st century, even the word “habit” carries a negative meaning.So it seems contradictory to talk about habits in the same context as innovation

19、 (创新). But brain researchers have discovered that when we consciously developnew habits, we create parallel paths, and even entirely new brain cells, that can jump our trains of thought onto new, innovative tracks.Rather than dismissing ourselves as unchangeable creatures of habit, we can instead di

20、rect our own change by consciously developing new habits. In fact, the more new things we try, the more creative we become.But dont bother trying to kill off old habits; once those ruts of procedure are worn into the brain, theyre there to stay. Instead, the new habits we deliberately press into our

21、selves create parallel pathways that can bypass those old roads.“The first thing needed for innovation is attraction to wonder,” says Dawna Markova, author of The Open Mind. “But we are taught instead to decide, just as our president calls himself the Decider” She adds, however, that “to decide is t

22、o kill off all possibilities but one. A good innovational thinker is always exploring the many other possibilities.”“All of us work through problems in ways of which were unaware,” she says. Researchers in the late 1960s discovered that humans are born with the ability to approach challenges in four

23、 primary ways: analytically, procedurally, collaboratively (合作地) and innovatively. At the end of adolescence, however, the brain shuts down half of that ability, preserving only those ways of thought that have seemed most valuable during the first decade or so of life.The current emphasis on standar

24、dized testing highlights analysis and procedure, meaning that few of us use our innovative and collaborative ways of thought. “This breaks the major rule in the American belief system that anyone can do anything,” explains M. J. Ryan, author of the 2006 book This Year I Willand Ms. Markovas business

25、 partner. “Thats a lie that we have preserved, and it fosters (促进，培养) commonness. Knowing what youre good at and doing even more of it creates excellence.” This is where developing new habits comes in.9Brain researchers have discovered that .Athe forming of new habits can be guidedBthe development o

26、f habits can be predictedCthe regulation of old habits can be transformedDthe track of new habits can be created unconsciously10The underlined word “ruts” in Paragraph 4 is closest in meaning to .AzonesBconnectionsCsituations Dtracks11Which of the following statements most probably agrees with Dawna

27、 Markovas view?ADecision makes no sense in choices.BCuriosity makes creative minds active.CCreative ideas are born of a relaxing mind.DFormation of innovation comes from fantastic ideas.12The purpose of the author writing this article is to persuade us .Ato give up our traditional habits deliberatel

28、yBto create and develop new habits consciouslyCto resist the application of standardized testingDto believe that old habits conflict with new habitsD Film cameras and digital cameras work in a similar way.Film cameras After all, a film camera is basically a light proof (不透光的) box. It has a lens (镜头)

29、 system to focus light onto the film at the back of the camera.Lets suppose that we are outside on a beautiful summer day trying to take a picture of the family dog. We are using a film camera. We finally get the dog to lie still. You point the camera at him. What happens? Light goes into the camera

30、 lens and hits the shutter. In other words, nothing happens yet. Now lets say that the dog looks really cute and you decide to snap a picture. What happens? When you press the button, the shutter opens for a very short period of time. A small amount of light passes through and hits the film at the b

31、ack of the camera. This creates an upside-down and reversed (反向的)image on the film. When you finish the roll of the film, you can take it to the photo shop to develop it and you will have a great picture of your dog! Cameras come with different lens lengths. Why does it matter? Many small cameras ha

32、ve shorter focal lengths, which means that there is a small distance between the lens and the place where the light focuses at the back of the camera. This gives you a large view of the area you are taking a picture of. Lenses with a long focal length show a smaller area but allow you to focus on di

33、stant objects and make them bigger. They are often called telephoto lenses. A good example of a long focus lens is one that is used by sports photographers to get photos of football players as if they were standing right beside them.Digital cameras In digital cameras, the light falls not on film but

34、 onto a sensor (传感器) called a CCD (Charge Coupled Device). This digitally converts(转变) light and color into a digital information or pixels (象素). The CCD is the heart of any digital camera and usually the most expensive part - depending on how good it is.13Which of the following statements is TRUE?A

35、Both digital and film cameras focus light onto the film.BAll cameras have a sensor.CDigital cameras and film cameras have something in common. .DSmall cameras usually have longer focal lengths.14In the “Film cameras” part, you fail to take the picture of the dog because _.Alight goes into the camera

36、 lens and hits the shutterByou havent aimed the camera at the dogCthe image of the dog is not createdDthe sensor fails to convert light and color into a digital information15The main reason that sports photographers can get clear and big photos of players is that _ _.Athey use digital camerasBthe le

37、ns of their cameras is excellentCtheir focus lenses are shortDtheir focus lenses are long16Generally speaking, a digital cameras price is _.Aclosely related to the quality of the CCDBirrelevant to the quality of the CCDCclosely related to the lensDirrelevant to the lensE Our brains work in complex a

38、nd strange waysThere are some people who can calculate the day of the week for any given date in 40,000 years, but who cannot add two plus twoOthers can perform complex classical piano pieces after hearing them once, but they cannot read or writeDrJLangdon Down first described this condition in 1887

39、He called these people idiot savantsAn idiot savant is a person who has significant mental impairment （损伤） , such as in autism ( 孤独症，自闭症) or retardationAt the same time, the person also exhibits some extraordinary skills, which are unusual for most peopleThe skills of the savant may vary from being

40、exceptionally gifted in music or in mathematics, or having a photographic memoryOne of the first descriptions of a human who could calculate quickly was written in 1789 by DrBenjamin Rush, an American doctorHis patient, Thomas Fuller, was brought to Virginia as a slave in1724It took Thomas only 90 s

41、econds to work out that a man who has lived 70 years, 17 days, and 12 hours has lived 2,210,500,800 secondsDespite this ability, he died in 1790 without ever learning to read or writeAnother idiot savant slave became famous as a pianist in the 1860sBlind Tom had a vocabulary of only 100 words, but h

42、e played 5 ,000 musical pieces beautifullyIn the excellent movie Rain Man, made in 1988 and available on video cassette, Dustin Hoffman plays an idiot savant who amazes his brother played by Tom Cruise, with his ability to perform complex calculations very rapidlyToday we more clearly recognize that

43、 the idiot savant is special because of brain impairmentYet not all brain impairment leads to savant skillsSome studies have shown that people who have purposeful interruption of the left side of the brain can develop idiot savant skillsHowever few people wish to participate in such experimentsThere

44、 are many excellent reasons for not undergoing unnecessary experimentation on ones brainThe term idiot savant is outdated and inappropriateVirtually all savants have a high degree of intelligence and are thus not idiots17What does the passage mainly talk about?AIdiot savants have areas of outstandin

45、g abilitiesBHuman Beings have complicated thinking processCThe brains of the idiot savants are partly impairedDThe reasons why people have wonderful skills vary18Which of the following can be done by Rain Man?AHe can play wonderful pieces of classical musicBHe can guess out exactly the length of a m

46、ans lifeCHe can memorize the contents of the pictures fastDHe can count matches dropped on the floor quickly19What can you infer from the passage?AIdiot savants have real talents for art and mathBDrDown is the first person who found idiot savantsCFew people wish to risk becoming savants by brain operationsDIntentional left brain impairments will surely lead to idiot savants20Which of the following shows the structure of the passage?(A) CDCB (B) BADD (C) ADBB (D）CCDA （E）ADCB高考资源网独家精品资源，欢迎下载！高考资源网Ks5uK&S%5#UKs5uKs%U高考资源网高考资源网高考资源网