专题10 主谓一致100道(知识讲解 习题训练)-2021-2022学年高一英语上学期期末复习查缺补漏冲刺满分(外研版2019).doc
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1、外研社高一英语上学期期末复习 查缺补漏冲刺满分(知识讲解+习题训练)专题10主谓一致100道概 念主谓一致指谓语动词(包括系动词)在人称和数上要和主语保持一致。在解题过程中既要考虑谓语动词或系动词应该使用那种时态,又要考虑使用单复数的问题。比如我们一起来观察下面两个选自高考语法填空题中的句子:1. In 1969, the pollution was terrible along the Cuyahoga River near Cleveland, Ohio. It _ (be) unimaginable that it could ever be cleaned up.我们看到主语it立刻可
2、以确定be动词应该使用单数形式,再观察前一句时间状语为in 1969可以确定时态为一般过去时态,得出was这个答案。2. There are several reasons why school uniforms are good idea. First of all, uniforms help the school look smart. The students feel that they belong to a particular group. When every pupil in the school wears the uniform, nobody _ (have) to
3、worry about fashion.先去掉when引导的时间状语从句,得到主语是nobody的结论,且为单数,观察前后两句时态均为一般现在时态,综合分析得出答案has。主谓一致的定义个三大原则主谓一致是句子主语和谓语在“人称”和“数”方面保持一致,一般遵循三个原则:语法一致原则、意义一致原则和就近一致原则。(一)语法一致原则主语的单复数决定了谓语动词的单复数。(1)以单数名词或代词、动词不定式、动名词短语或从句作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。主语为复数时,谓语动词用复数形式。 His father is working on the farm. (单数名词作主语) To study Engl
4、ish well is not easy. (动词不定式作主语) What he said is very important for us all. (名词性从句作主语) The children were in the classroom two hours ago. (复数名词作主语) Reading in the sun is bad for your eyes. (动名词作主语)(2)当主语后面跟有 as well as,as much as,no less than, along with,with, like,rather than, together with,but,exce
5、pt,besides,including,in addition to 等引导的词组时,其谓语动词的单、复数按主语的单、复数而定。例如:The teacher as well as the students was excited.老师和同学们都很兴奋。I think Tom, rather than you wants to play basketball.我认为是汤姆而不是想去打篮球。The headmaster, along with his teachers, was present at the meeting yesterday.这个校长和他的老师都参加了昨天会议(3)and, b
6、oth.and.连接两个不同的主语,谓语动词用复数形式。Mike and Sue are always playing computer games. 迈克和休总是打电脑游戏。注意:如果and连接两个单数可数名词或不可数名词,表示同一人、同一物或同一概念,或表示不可分的整体时,谓语动词用单数形式。The writer and teacher is introducing his new book. 这位教师兼作家正在推销他的新书。(4)在定语从句时,关系代词that, who, which等作主语时,其谓语动词的数应与句中先行词的数一致。E.g. He is one of my friends
7、 who are working hard.在定语从句中,若先行词为one of +复数名词,其定语从句的谓语动词用复数形式。若先行词为the only one of +复数名词,则定语从句的谓语动词用单数形式。E.g. He is one of my friends who are working hard. (先行词是friends)E.g. He is the only one of my friends who is working hard.(所以先行词是one)(5)“many a/more than one单数名词”作主语时,谓语动词用单数。each, every, no所修饰的
8、名词作主语时,即使有and连接,谓语动词仍用单数。Many a good student has been destroyed by computer games. 许多好学生都毁在了电脑游戏上。Every boy and every girl wants to play smart phones.每个男生和女生都想玩手机。【小叮咛】 若each 在句中作同位语,则谓语动词用复数形式。E.g. Each of us likes singing this song. E.g. We each like singing this song. 若none of后面的名词是不可数名词,它的谓语动词就要
9、用单数;若它后面的名词是复数,它的谓语动词用单数或复数都可以。E.g. None of us has (have) been to America. 在口语中当either或neither后跟有of+复数名词(或代词)作主语时,其谓语动词也可用复数。E.g. Neither of the texts is (are) interesting. (二)意义一致原则意义一致原则指不管主语的形式是单数还是复数,主语的意义决定了谓语动词的单复数。(1)集体名词作主语时,若被看作一个整体,谓语动词用单数形式;若被看作是构成整体的一个个成员,谓语动词用复数形式。常见的集体名词有family, class,
10、 team, group, public, committee, government, audience等。Almost every family in the country owns a car. 这个国家几乎家家都有一辆汽车。My family are crazy about singing. 我们一家人都酷爱唱歌。注意:形式为单数但意义为复数概念的police, people等集合名词作主语时,谓语动词用复数。The police are trying their best to protect our country.警察正在尽自己最大努力保护我们的国家。(2)“分数/百分数/th
11、e majorityof名词”作主语时,谓语动词的单复数取决于of后名词的数以及其表示的意义;all, some, half, most, the rest等作主语时,谓语动词的单复数取决于主语实际表达的意义。Three fourths of the surface of the earth is covered with water.地球上四分之三的地方被水覆盖。70 percent of people have known about the truth.百分之七十的人知道这个真相。(3)“the形容词”表示一类人,在句中作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式。The young need to c
12、are for the old. 年轻人需要照顾老人。(4)A quantity of后接可数名词复数作主语,谓语动词用复数。后接不可数名词作主语,谓语动词用单数。A large quantity of clean water is wasted every day.A quantity of beer are consumed in the city every year(5)“a number of复数名词”作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式,“the number of复数名词”作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。A number of new houses have been built ther
13、eThe number of the people who know the secret is very limited(6)表示时间、距离、重量、金额等复数名词作主语时,谓语动词通常用单数形式。Ten years is quite a long time. 15 miles seems like a long walk to me.30 dollars is too high a price for the book. (三)就近一致原则就近一致原则指谓语动词的单复数形式取决于离它最近的主语的单复数。(1)由or, either.or., neither.nor., not only.bu
14、t (also)., not.but.等连接的并列主语,谓语动词的数常与最近的主语保持一致。Not only I but also she is enjoying the film. 不仅我而且她都在津津乐道地看电影Neither you nor I am good at English . 你不擅长英语,我也不擅长(2)在there be句型中,若有几个并列成分作主语,谓语动词的数通常和最邻近的主语保持一致。There are three books and a pen on the desk.桌子上有三本书和一支钢笔。There is a book, two pencils and som
15、e buttons on the table. 在桌子上,有一本书,两支铅笔和一些扣子。一、单项选择1Our teacher _ to Beijing three times.AwentBhad doneChas goneDhas been2Mr Black often _ fishing on Sundays.AgoBgoesCdont goDisnt go3I _ some newspaper at seven yesterday evening.Aam readingBreadCwas readingDwill read4The Peoples Republic of China _ o
16、n October 1, 1949.AfoundBwas foundCis foundedDwas founded5The number of foreign students attending Chinese universities _ rising steadily since 2000.AisBareChave beenDhas been6Not only Li Lei but also Han Meimei and I _ tired of so much homework every day.AamBisCareDwas7The rest of the lecture _ int
17、eresting.AisBareCmaybeDsound8Wang Bing is _ of the students who _ been admitted to Peking university in our school this year. Really? the only one? And I will offer my congratulations to him.Aone; haveBthe only one; haveCthe only one; hasDone; has9Maria has a great interest in sports and _swimming c
18、lasses four times a week over the past three years.AtookBis takingCtakesDhas been taking10Delete the short message at once! Many a man _by such tricks so far.Aare cheatedBis cheatedChas been cheatedDhave been cheated11He is the only one of the students who _ America next month.Aare to visitBis to vi
19、sitCis about to visitDwill be to visit12There are many dictionaries here, but which one _you?Ais belonging toBis belonged toCbelongs toDbelong to13Today the number of people learning Kerean in China _ increasing rapidly.AwereBwasCareDis14The number of tall buildings_greatly in Tianjin in the last fe
20、w years.Ais increasingBare increasedChas increasedDhave increased15Not only the students but also the teacher _ going to the movie tonight.AareBbeCisDwill16 Is there anything wrong, Tony? You look sad. Oh, nothing much. In fact, I _ of my friends.Ahave just thoughtBwas just thinkingCwould just think
21、Dwill just be thinking17The number of Chinese students attending Hong Kong universities_ rising steadily since1990.AisBareChas beenDhave been18She is one of the students who _ often praised by the teacher.AisBbeCareDam19State what it _ and how it is constructed.Ais consisted ofBconsists ofCmakes up
22、ofDbe made up of20Diaoyu Islands that _ made up of a group of islands belong to China since ancient times.AisBwasCareDwere21Many new houses _ for the local people since last year.Awere builtBare being builtCare buildingDhave been built22I _ the charity show on TV when the telephone rang.Awas watchin
23、gBwatchedCam watchingDwatch23We will fly a kite as soon as your homework _.AfinishesBwill be finishedChas finishedDis finished24Peter, please be quiet. Your brother _ on the phone. No problem.ArecordsBrecordedCwas recordingDis recording25There_ a teacher and some students playing badminton on the pl
24、ayground.AhaveBareChasDis26-“How many students are there in your class?”- “_ the students in our class _ fifty.”AThe number of; isBThe number of; areCA number of; isDA number of; are27How time flies! Well graduate. Three years_ really a short time.AareBisChas28In the past 10 years, China_ up many ma
25、n-made satellites to the space.Ahas sentBsentCwas sent29A new cinema_in the city last year.AbuiltBwas builtCwas buildingDis built30Neither of them_ a bike.AhaveBhasntChas gotDhasnt got 二、用单词的适当形式完成句子31In Juans world, the unknown and undiscovered _(be) vast and marvelous. Anything was possible. 32Sin
26、ce our twins began learning to walk, my wife and I _(keep)telling them that our sliding glass door is just a window. 33However, the majority of people _(be)effective speakers because they train to be. 34In order to make sure all of us _(be)in good health,she makes specific plans for us. 35Every mean
27、s _ (have) been tried, but he hasnt got the solution. 36The two crossroads _ (be) dangerous. 37All means _ (have) been tried, but the result is disappointing. 38Physics _ (be) an important subject in the middle school. 39Eighty dollars _ (be) enough for her to buy the boots she wants. 40None of the
28、money in the pocket _ (be) his. 41He said none of the pens _ (be) mine. 42The number of pages in this book _(be) nine hundred. 43Up to now fifty percent of the students _ (pass) the exam. 44Two thirds of the workers _ (be) women here. 45A number of students _ (be) absent yesterday. 46The singer and
29、dancer _ (say) to come from Shanghai. 47Fifty percent of my task _ (do) so far. 48The teaching results show that most of the students _ (be) willing to accept this teaching form. 49Bread and butter _ (be) what we usually have for breakfast. 50The police _(look) into the accident at present.51Warm cl
30、othing _ (be) necessary in cold climates. 52My family _ (be)a big one and my family _ (be) all music lovers. 53Our class _ (consist) of forty students and the class _ (study) English now.54Between France and Spain _(be)another mountain range-the Pyrenees. 55Just in front of the famous temple _(be) t
31、wo trees with a history of 1,000 years. 56One of my most able students _(reject)by another university.57But like all performances, there _(be)moments when things go wrong. 58Learning to think critically _ (be) an important skill todays children will need for the future.59But in this experiment what
32、theyre doing _(be) paying more attention to the big number than the little one.60Each play _(have)a theme or central idea which the playwright(剧作家)hopes to get across through dialogue and action. 61One of the questions _ (be): Who will you go to in times of trouble? 62Landing on the moons far side _
33、(be) extremely challenging. 63Many museums _(be)lively places and they attract a lot of visitors. 64There _(be) a book, two pens and three pencils on the desk. 65Not only I but also he _(look) down upon those who always rely on others. 66Not only the students but also the teacher _(be)active in spor
34、ts. 67Neither the students nor the teacher _(know) the reason why she behaves strangely.68As everyone knows, in the house by the river _ (live) a wealthy farmer. 69As usual, after the exam _(be)the time for rest, when students are very happy. 70He is the only one of the teachers who _(have)been to E
35、urope. 71He is one of the teachers who _(have)been to Europe. 72One of the biggest challenges _(be) finding a high-quality, low-cost manufacturer. 73More than one person _(be) against the proposal. 74The final exam is approaching. Every hour and every minute _ (be) important for us. 75One and a half
36、 years _(have)passed before I know it. 76Neither of them _(be)interested in the comedy. 77Many a boy and many a girl _(have)seen this painting. 78At that time, everything was silent. No sound and no voice _(be)heard. 79Anyone here _(attend) the meeting every month. 80The teacher as well as the stude
37、nts _(like) this painting. 81To adopt his suggestion _ (be) a wise choice. 82Whether he comes or not _ (be)of no matter. 83She, along with the other students, _(have) learned how to type.84Working on this project _(be) challenging, but they are not afraid.85The members _(be) going to attend the memo
38、rial service to be held in the local church. 86The professor _(be)often invited to many universities to deliver lectures. 87She _(be)an outstanding architect. 88The house_(comprise)two bedrooms, a kitchen, and a living room. 89Whoever told you it _(be) lying. 90That the coal workers are still alive
39、_(be)a wonder. 91What surprised me most _(be) that the man in rags was a millionaire. 92What he needs most _(be) money. 93At present, the workers _(build) a new bridge where the cross-river traffic is heavy. 94The whole class _ (be) now listening to the teacher attentively.95No bird and no beast _ (
40、see) in the remote island.96Not his carelessness but the bad road conditions _(be) responsible for the accident yesterday.97Today the number of people learning English in China _(be) increasing rapidly.98This listening material, together with its CDROMs, _ (sell) well. 99Our class_ (consist) of 23 g
41、irls and 29 boys. 100Mr. White along with his two sons _ (be) fond of football, and they often go to watch football matches. 试卷第9页,共9页学科网(北京)股份有限公司学科网(北京)股份有限公司学科网(北京)股份有限公司学科网(北京)股份有限公司参考答案1D【详解】考查时态和主谓一致。句意:我们的老师去过北京三次。由“three times”可知,句子表示“老师去过北京三次”,表已经做过某事应用现在完成时,“去过某地”用have been to sp.,而have go
42、ne to表示“去了某地还没回来”,句子表示“已经回来了”,teacher是单数,因此空格处是has been,故选D。2B【详解】考查时态。句意:布莱克先生经常在星期天去钓鱼。由频度副词often可知,空处谓语动词需用一般现在时态,表示经常性的动作,主语是第三人称单数,所以空处谓语动词需用单数。故选B。3C【详解】考查时态。句意:昨天晚上七点我正在看报纸。由时间状语“at seven yesterday evening”可知,空处谓语动词需用过去进行时态:was/were doing,表示过去某时正在进行的动作,主语是I,所以be动词需用was。故选C。4D【详解】考查语态。句意:中华人民共
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