2021高二英语寒假作业同步练习题 宾语从句（含解析）.doc

1、宾语从句1They _（遭受）a great loss in the earthquake.（根据汉语意思填空）【答案】suffered【详解】考查一般过去时。句意：他们在这场地震中遭受了很多。根据句意，地震已经发生，故用一般过去时，故填suffered。2He said it would rain, but I _ (不同意)with himI was sure it wouldnt rain. （根据汉语意思填空）【答案】disagreed【详解】考查动词时态。句意：他说会下雨，但我不同意他的意见我敢肯定不会下雨。根据汉语意思“不同意”可知应填动词disagree，作谓语，结合后文was可

2、知应用一般过去时。故填disagreed。3Has the country _(恢复)from the effects of the war yet? （根据汉语意思填空）【答案】recovered【详解】考查时态。句意：这个国家从战争的影响中恢复了吗？根据yet可知时态用现在完成时，句首已经给出has，所以空处填过去分词形式，故填recovered。4The concert will be held _（室外）if the weather is good. （根据汉语意思填空）【答案】outdoors【详解】考查副词。句意：如果天气好，音乐会将在室外举行。根据汉语意思“室外”可知应填副词ou

3、tdoors，修饰动词hold。故填outdoors。5This article will show teenagers or adults how to _（处理）an argument with their parents in a simple way. （根据汉语意思填空）【答案】settle【详解】考查动词不定式。句意：这篇文章将告诉青少年或成年人如何用简单的方法解决与父母的争吵。settle表示“处理”，本句是疑问词+不定式结构，故空处需要填动词原形，故填settle。6Do not _（忽略）warnings if the volcano is active；it can be

4、very dangerous near the summit(山顶).（根据汉语意思填空）【答案】ignore【详解】考查动词。句意：如果火山活动，不要忽略警示标志。在山顶附近是非常危险的。分析句子可知，该句为含有否定意义的祈使句，设空处应为动词原形，故填ignore。7The sea is_(平静的) and clear today，so we should go for a long walk on the beach. （根据汉语意思填空）【答案】calm【详解】考查形容词。句意：今天的大海风平浪静，所以我们应该去海滩上散步。根据汉语意思“平静的”可知应填形容词calm，作表语。故填ca

5、lm。8Sitting out here, you really can feel the _ (力量) of the sun. （根据汉语意思填空）【答案】power【详解】考查名词。句意：坐在这里，你真的可以感受到太阳的力量。根据汉语意思“力量”以及上文定冠词the，可知应填名词power。故填power。9More and more people are_(关心) themselves with environmental problems. （根据汉语意思填空）【答案】concerning【详解】考查动词时态。句意：越来越多的人正在关心环境问题。根据汉语意思“关心”可知应填动词conc

6、ern，作谓语，结合上文More and more people are可知为现在进行时。故填concerning。10She was still_(不安的) about the argument shed had with Harry. （根据汉语意思填空）【答案】upset【详解】考查形容词。句意：她还在为和哈利的争吵感到不安。空前有be动词was，空处需要填形容词做表语，故填upset。语法专题（宾语从句）在主从复合句中作宾语的从句叫宾语从句。宾语从句在句中可以作及物动词、介词或一些形容词的宾语。Everyone knows that the earth is made up of ma

7、tter.每个人都知道地球是由物质构成的。I doubt whether he will be elected as chairman.我怀疑他是否会当选为主席。1that引导宾语从句，既无语法功能，也无词汇意义，常被省略。但多个并列从句出现时，第一个that可以省略，其他的不能省略。She said (that) she would come here and that I should wait for her till Monday.她说她将会来这儿并让我等到星期一。2if和whether引导宾语从句的区别：在动词不定式之前只能用 whether。在whether.or not 的固定搭

8、配中，只用 whether。在介词后，只能用whether。作 discuss 的宾语时，只能用 whether。宾语从句放在句首表示强调时，只能用 whether。3带复合宾语(宾语宾语补足语)的句子，that引导的宾语从句经常移到句子后面，而用it作形式宾语。4表示喜欢、憎恶等心理活动的动词后习惯上先加个形式宾语it，再接宾语从句。例如：hate，dislike，love，dont mind，feel like，appreciate，rely on，count on，see to等。We think it possible that you can finish the work toda

9、y.我们认为你今天能够完成这项工作。5宾语从句的否定转移：think，believe，suppose，imagine等动词后的宾语从句中的否定词要转移到主句中，即主句的谓语动词用否定式，而从句的谓语动词用肯定式。I dont think we need to waste much time on it.我想我们不必在这上面浪费太多时间。(形式上否定)练习：11Material can be taken from the DNA of a plant or an animal in order to remove_are not desired. (用适当的词填空)【答案】what【详解】考查宾

10、语从句连接词。句意：为了去除不需要的物质，可以从植物或动物的DNA中提取物质。此处为宾语从句，从句中缺少主语，结合句意表示“不需要的物质”应用what。故填what。12A comedian might tell different jokes depending on_the audience reacted to his or her previous jokes. (用适当的词填空)【答案】how【详解】考查宾语从句的引导词。句意：一个喜剧演员可能会讲不同的笑话，这取决于观众对他或她之前的笑话做出如何的反应。设空处在句中引导宾语从句，并在句中作方式状语。故答案为how。13As is k

11、nown to us, we live in_is called the information age(用适当的词填空)【答案】what【详解】考查宾语从句。句意：我们都知道，我们生活在所谓的信息时代。分析句子可知，介词后是宾语从句，缺少主语，表示“的事物”，用连词what，故填what。14Our teacher has explained to all _ we need to bring for the school outing. (用适当的词填空)【答案】what【详解】考查宾语从句连接词。句意：老师向所有人解释了学校郊游我们需要带什么。分析句子可知，设空处引导宾语从句，从句中br

12、ing缺少宾语，且指代事物，应用连接代词what。故填what。15If you concentrate on_you dont have, you will never, ever have enough. (用适当的单词填空)【答案】what【详解】考查宾语从句。句意：如果你专注于你所没有的，你永远都不会满足。分析句子结构可知，介词on后需用连接词引导宾语从句，从句谓语动词have后缺少宾语，表示具体的内容，所以空处需用连接代词what引导宾语从句。故填what。16My father and mother may regret _ I have not been selected for

13、 the interview. (用适当的词填空)【答案】that【详解】考查宾语从句连接词。句意：我的父母可能会为我没有被选中参加面试而感到遗憾。此处为宾语从句，从句中不缺少成分且句意完整，故应用只起连接作用的that。故填that。17He later informed me _ I was “not athletic” . (用适当的词填空)【答案】that【详解】考查宾语从句。句意：后来他告诉我，我“不擅长运动”。短语： inform sb. that.“告知某人”，分析句子可知，空白处之后全部内容为inform的宾语，因为句子不缺成分，所以要使用从属连词that来引导句子。故填tha

14、t。18I guarantee _ you will love the film. (用适当的词填空)【答案】that【详解】考查名词性从句。句意：我保证你会喜欢这部电影的。本句为宾语从句，从句不缺少成分且句意完整，所以用连接词that。故填that。19First, Adam had to think very carefully about _ courses he wanted to take. （用适当的单词填空）【答案】which【详解】考查宾语从句引导词。句意：首先，Adam必须非常仔细地考虑他想选择哪些课程。分析句子可知，空格处引导宾语从句作think about的宾语，连接（形

15、容词性）代词which，意为“哪个；哪些”，修饰名词courses，符合句意。故填which。20When asked about _ inspired her to show such kindness towards a stranger, she simply shrugged and said, “I just try to do something nice.”（用适当的单词填空）【答案】what【详解】考查宾语从句引导词。句意：当被问及是什么促使她对一个陌生人表现出如此善良时，她只是耸了耸肩说：“我只是想做点好事。”观察所给句子可知，asked about后为宾语从句，其中缺少主语

16、成分，用what引导。故填what。阅读理解A rainy day can be a chance to recharge. While you relaxed on the sofa with a movie, the raindrops falling on your windows might one day provide the power for your TV. This is the idea behind an invention that harvests energy from water.The technology is based on the triboelect

17、ric (摩擦电的)effect. An engineer at the University of Hawaii, David Ma knew that its possible to generate electricity by rubbing two things together. So, he thought, “Why dont we use water?”A drop of water sliding across a surface coated with two different materials would generate enough friction to cr

18、eate an electrical charge. By placing metal wires that the drop of water touched as it moved, it should be possible to harvest electricity, he reasoned.It worked. In fact, the researchers lit up 15 LED bulbs with a single moving water drop.This is not the first time that scientists have got electric

19、ity from water-generated friction( 摩 擦 ). Earlier experiments, though, harvested the charge produced in a surface by a sliding drop of water. There, the surface had acted as an electrode(电极). This is different. The energy of friction is being harvested from the water itself.“It turns out,” Ma says,

20、“the charge in the water drop is way more than the charge produced in the other electrode.” In fact, his teams model generated almost 100 times more power than previous experiments from a single drop of water.“The technology could someday power phones, sensors or other small electronics,” says Chris

21、topher Oshman, an engineer at the Colorado School of Mines. “This work is a step toward harvesting the energy of moving objects all around us, including ourselves, to power the electronic appliances we use every day,” he says.Ma has shown that the technology can work in a lab, Oshman says. Next, the

22、 Colorado researcher would like to see it tried on a larger scale, such as on an umbrella.21How did the author introduce the topic of the text?ABy telling a story.BBy raising a question.CBy giving an example.DBy imagining a situation.22What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 3 refer to?AThe

23、wire.BThe drop of water.CThe surface.DThe electricity.23What is unique about Mas technique compared with earlier experiments?AThe water itself acts as an electrode.BIt is based on the triboelectric effect.CIt produces electricity from water-made friction.DIt uses a surface coated with two different

24、materials.24What does Oshman say about Mas technology?AIt has a promising future.BIt will do well on an umbrella.CIt works well in the real world.DIt will replace batteries someday.【答案】21D22B23A24A【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲了夏威夷大学的工程师David Ma认为摩擦两件东西来发电是可能的。事实上，研究人员用一颗移动的水滴点亮了15个LED灯泡。这项技术有一天可以为手机、传感器或其他小型电子产

25、品提供动力。21推理判断题。第一段的A rainy day can be a chance to recharge. While you relaxed on the sofa with a movie, the raindrops falling on your windows might one day provide the power for your TV. This is the idea behind an invention that harvests energy from water.意思是雨天可能是一个充电的机会。当你在沙发上看电影放松时，落在窗户上的雨滴也许有一天会为你

26、的电视提供能量。这就是一项从水中获取能量的发明背后的理念。由此可知，作者通过想象一个情景，引出文章的主题，故选D。22词句猜测题。上文By placing metal wires that the drop of water touched as it moved说通过放置金属丝，水滴在移动时接触到金属丝。由此可知，下文it should be possible to harvest electricity, he reasoned.的意思是水滴应该可以获得电力。it指的是水滴，故选B。23细节理解题。答案定位在倒数第四段Earlier experiments, though, harvest

27、ed the charge produced in a surface by a sliding drop of water. There, the surface had acted as an electrode(电极). This is different. The energy of friction is being harvested from the water itself.（然而，早期的实验是通过水滴的滑动来收集表面产生的电荷。在那里，表面起着电极的作用。这是不同的。摩擦力是从水本身获得的。）由此可知，与早期的实验相比，Ma的技术的独特之处在于水本身起着电极的作用，故选A。2

28、4推理判断题。答案定位在倒数第二段 “The technology could someday power phones, sensors or other small electronics,” says Christopher Oshman, an engineer at the Colorado School of Mines. “This work is a step toward harvesting the energy of moving objects all around us, including ourselves, to power the electronic app

29、liances we use every day,” he says.（科罗拉多矿业学院的工程师Christopher Oshman说:“这项技术有一天可以为手机、传感器或其他小型电子产品提供动力。”他说:“这项工作向收集我们周围移动物体的能量迈出了一步，包括我们自己，为我们每天使用的电器提供动力。”）由此推断出，Oshman认为Ma的技术有一个光明的未来，故选A。写作（改错）假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（），并在其下面写出该加的词。删除：把

30、多余的词用斜线（）划掉。修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在其下面写出修改后的词。注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；2.只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。For about half century, scientists have been making better and better computer. Now a computer can do a lot everyday jobs wonderful. It is widely used in factories, hospitals and banks. Many computers scientists are no

31、w thinking of making the computer to “think” like a man. At the help of a person, a computer can draw pictures, write music, talking with people, translate languages and so on. Perhaps computers will one day really think and feel. Do you think that people will afraid when they will find that the com

32、puter is too clever.【答案】1.half 后加 a putercomputers3.a lot后加of4.wonderful wonderfullyputers computer6.去掉 “think”前的to7.At With8.talking talk 9.will 后加 be 10.去掉 will【分析】本文是一篇说明文。作者介绍电脑的用途以及电脑科学家的新想法。【详解】1.考查不定冠词。句意：大约半个世纪以来，科学家们一直在制造越来越好的电脑。half a century半世纪，故在half 后加 a。2.考查名词复数。句意：大约半个世纪以来，科学家们一直在制造越来

33、越好的电脑。结合句意可知此处用名词复数，故把computer改为computers。3.考查固定词组。句意：现在电脑可以极好地做很多日常工作。固定词组：a lot of许多，故在a lot后加of。4.考查副词。句意：现在电脑可以极好地做很多日常工作。副词修饰动词，故把wonderful 改为 wonderfully。5.考查名词做定语。句意：许多计算机科学家正在考虑让计算机像人一样“思考”。“电脑科学家”是名词修饰名词做定语，而不是名词所有格形式，故把computers 改为computer。6.考查不带to的动词不定式做宾语补足语。句意：许多计算机科学家正在考虑让计算机像人一样“思考”。固

34、定结构：make sb. do sth.“使某人做某事”，故去掉 “think”前的to。7.考查固定词组。with the help of在-的帮助下，故把At 改为 With。8.考查并列谓语。句意：在一个人的帮助下，电脑可以画画，写音乐，与人交谈，翻译语言等等。此处是并列谓语，而不是非谓语动词，故把talking 改为 talk。9.考查形容词前用be。句意：你认为当人们发现电脑太聪明的时候会害怕吗?助动词will后面用动词原形；形容词用在be动词后面，故在will 后加 be。 10.考查时态。句意：你认为当人们发现电脑太聪明的时候会害怕吗?此处是when引导的时间状语从句，主句用一般

35、将来时态，则从句用一般现在时态，故去掉when引导的时间状语从句中的 will。【点睛】1.动词不定式作宾语补足语encourage sb. to do sth.鼓励某人做某事；want sb. to do 想让某人做某事；invite sb. to do邀请某人做某事； ask sb. to do 请求某人做某事；order sb. to do命令某人做某事； tell sb. to do告诉某人做某事；force sb. to do 强迫某人做某事；allow sb. to do允许某人做某事； forbid sb. to do 禁止某人做某事；persuade sb. to do 劝说某人做某事。2.不带to 的动词不定式作宾语补足语have/make/see/watch/hear/let/notice/observe/feel/look at/listen to sb. do sth.注意：help sb. (to) do sth.温馨提示：不带to 的动词不定式作宾语补足语，但是变成被动语态时要把to加上。He made me feel at home. （主动语态）I was made to feel at home.（被动语态）