2022-2023学年新教材高中英语 Unit 4 Information Technology Part Ⅵ 单元语法 过去将来时和复合词学案 北师大版必修第二册.doc

1、Part 单元语法过去将来时和复合词学习目标1.过去将来时概念、构成及用法2.复合词概念、构成及用法第一版块：过去将来时思维导图过去将来时的基本特征，即“立足过去，着眼未来”。它表示从过去某一时间来看将要发生的某个动作或存在的某种状态。但这个“将来”时间绝不会延伸到“现在”，而仅限于“过去时间区域内”。一、基本构成过去将来时表示从过去某个时间看将要发生的动作或存在的状态，常用于宾语从句或间接引语中。过去将来时常用“should/would动词原形”或“was/were going to动词原形”来表达。合作探究画出下列句子中的过去将来时示例：I asked if he would_come_a

2、nd_fix my TV set.He asked me yesterday when I should_leave for Paris.They wanted to know how they would_finish the homework earlier.I wish I would_go with him to the cinema tonight.I was told that he was_going_to_return home.He said that he would_wait for me at the school gate.自主发现过去将来时是由“should/wou

3、ld动词原形”或“was/were going to动词原形”构成的。二、用法合作探究体会过去将来时的用法He said that he would wait for us at the bus stop.他说他要在车站等我们的。Whenever we had trouble, he would come to help us.每当我们遇到困难时，他总会给予帮助。I didnt know when she would come, but when she came I would let you know.我不知道她什么时候来，但她来了我会告诉你。The teacher said that i

4、t would be very difficult to make progress if I didnt work hard.老师说，如果我不努力学习的话，就很难取得进步。We were going to go to the cinema when the phone rang.我们正准备去电影院，这时电话响了。自主发现(1)过去将来时可以表示从过去某时看来将要发生的动作或存在的状态。(2)条件状语从句和时间状语从句中须用一般过去时代替过去将来时。(3)was/were going to do表示准备、计划做某事，或将要发生某事。名师提醒表示过去的某种习惯性行为，只用would。即学即练1单

5、句语法填空/完成句子Li Ming said he _ (be) happy if Brian _ (come) to China next month.He was fiftysix. In two years he _ (be) fiftyeight.她希望将来有一天他们能再见面。She hoped that they _ again someday.她没有告诉我她要去哪儿。She didnt tell me _上星期天我们本想去游览长城的，但却下雨了。Last Sunday we _ but it rained.三、其他结构合作探究体会其他结构表示过去将来时的用法I couldnt go

6、 to Toms birthday party as I was about to go to hospital.我不能参加汤姆的生日晚会，因为我要去医院。He was on the point of leaving when we came in.我们进来时，他正要动身。A lot of people were coming to watch the fireworks.有许多人要来观看焰火。She told her mother that she was going to a dance with Tom.她告诉母亲，她要和汤姆一起去参加一个舞会。She said she was to t

7、ake up the position.她说她要承担这个职务。The train was supposed to arrive half an hour ago.火车本应在半小时之前到达。What was meant to be a funny story fell completely flat.原欲使之成为有趣的故事，结果完全变得索然寡味。自主发现(1) was/were about to do这种结构表示“正要、即将做某事”；was/were on the point of doing这种结构表示“正要时”。(2) go, come, leave, take off等少数动词可用过去进行

8、时表示过去将要发生的情况；was/were to do表示曾计划做某事。(3)was/were supposed to do和was/were meant to do可以表示过去计划做，但没有做的事。即学即练2完成句子他说火车将于第二天早晨六点离开。He said the train _ the next morning.无论他什么时间有空，他总是帮他妈妈干点家务活。Whenever he had time, he _ his mother with some housework.她说会议就要开始了。She said that the meeting _我本来应该在5点前到家。I _ befo

9、re 5：00.我正要出去你来了。I _ when you came in.第二版块：复合词思维导图在英语中把两个(或更多)独立的单词合在一起构成一个新词，其意义为原来单词意义的叠加，如blackboard“黑板”就是由black“黑色的”和board“板子”合在一起构成的新词。用这种方式构成的单词叫复合词(compound words)。一、复合词的书写形式1一般情况下在词与词之间要加连字符号，如：goodlooking好看的，seasick晕船的，worldfamous闻名世界的，sevenyearold七岁的，threehour三小时的，等等。2有些复合词已经完全融为一体，不用加连字符号

10、，如：textbook教科书，schoolmate校友，spokesman发言人，salesgirl女售货员，notebook笔记本，greenhouse温室，breakthrough突破，download下载，policewoman女警察，等等。3还有一些情况直接用词组的形式，如：air conditioner空调机，clothes shop服装店，alarm clock闹钟，girl student女学生，等等。名师提醒现在分词与所修饰的名词是逻辑上的主动关系，例如：an ordinarylooking mana man who looks ordinary。而过去分词和所修饰的名词是被动

11、关系，形容词相当于补语，例如：cleanwashed clothesclothes which are washed clean。请比较：these hardworking peoplethese people who are working hardthe justwasheddown housethe house which has just been washed down请比较：peaceloving peoplepeople who love peacea manmade satellitea satellite which is made by man即学即练1用复合词完成句子她个

12、性随和，大家都很喜欢她。_ made her popular.听到这令人心碎的消息，她号啕大哭起来。She burst into tears at _他两手空空回了家。He returned home _她不会这么轻易地放弃来之不易的自由。She was not going to give up her _ so easily.现在我只是兼职。Im only _这件事已经引起了全世界的关注。This matter has attracted _我们设法克服了所有的困难。We managed to _二、复合形容词的构成方法1名词形容词，如：oilrich含油量多的，dutyfree免税的，ca

13、refree无忧无虑的，homesick想家的，等等。2形容词形容词，如：bittersweet又苦又甜的，lightgreen浅绿色的，darkbrown深棕色的，freezingcold寒冷的，burninghot炎热的，等等。3名词现在分词，如：troublemaking制造麻烦的，lawbreaking犯法的，painstaking费力的，timeconsuming耗时的，peaceloving热爱和平的，laborsaving省力的，recordbreaking破纪录的，等等。4名词过去分词，如：manmade人造的，povertystricken贫困的，heartbroken伤心的

14、，snowcovered被雪覆盖的，taskbased任务型的，等等。5形容词现在分词，如：goodlooking好看的，easygoing随和的，nicesounding好听的，等等。6形容词过去分词，这里的过去分词大多是名词加ed构成的假分词，如：newborn刚出生的，simpleminded头脑简单的，kindhearted心地善良的，blackeyed黑眼睛的，warmhearted热心肠的，等等。7数词名词(形容词)，如：fourhour四小时的，100metre一百米的，fourday为期四天的，fiveyearold五岁的，等等。8副词现在分词，如：everlasting持续的

15、，farreaching深远的，oncoming迎面而来的，outgoing外向的，等等。9副词过去分词，如：wellknown著名的，newlybuilt新建的，overloaded超载的，outspoken直言不讳的，等等。10由其他词类或结构转化而来，如：onceaweek每周一次的，allround全方位的，roundtheclock二十四小时的，fulltime全职的，secondhand二手的，followup后继的，underpaid报酬过低的，underweight重量过轻的，hearttoheart交心的，outofwork失业的，等等。即学即练2翻译下列短语an Engli

16、shspeaking country_a family gettogether_hardworking students_handmade goods_a wellknown university_a secondhand camera_outoftown stores_afterclass activities_三、复合名词的构成方法1加连字符，如：babysitter看孩子的人，letterbox信箱，firstaid急救，Xray X 射线，fatherinlaw岳父/公公，crosstalk相声，等等。2不加连字符，如：haircut理发，repairman修理工，outbreak爆发

17、，outcome结果，outlook前景，rainbow彩虹，等等。3以词组形式出现，如：bank account银行账户，birth control节制生育，blood pressure血压，book case书柜，bus stop公共汽车站，credit card信用卡，generation gap代沟，greenhouse effect温室效应，heart attack心脏病发作，pen friend笔友，pocket money零用钱，post office邮局，sign language手语，natural resources自然资源，mother tongue母语，等等。四、复合动

18、词1副词动词，如：offload卸车，outgrow长得太大不适宜，overhear无意中听到，oversleep睡过头，overlook忽略，update更新，download下载，等等。2其他形式：broadcast广播，withdraw撤退，skateboard用滑板滑行，等等。五、复合副词和介词1复合副词：afterwards后来，alongside与并肩，outside外面，indoors室内，nowadays如今，meanwhile同时，maybe可能，nevertheless仍然(还)，sideways向一侧地，等等。2复合介词：within在之内，without没有，onto到

19、上，into进入，upon在之上，behind在之后，等等。六、构成复合词时要注意以下几点1由数词名词(形容词)构成形容词时，名词不用复数，如：a nineyearold boy一个九岁的男孩，a fourday trip一次四天的旅行，the 100metre dash百米赛跑，an 800metrelong bridge一座八百米长的桥，等等。2由形容词名词ed构成的形容词，该名词必须是中心词的一部分，否则不加ed，如：a whitehaired woman一个白头发的妇女，a warmhearted girl一个热心肠的女孩，a nearsighted boy一个眼睛近视的男孩，two

20、middleaged men 两个中年男人，等等。3由形容词分词构成的合成形容词，要注意中心词与分词的主动或被动关系，例如：an ordinarylooking man一个相貌平常的男人，an easygoing man一个随和的人，freshbaked bread刚烤的面包，readymade goods现成的货物，等等。4由副词分词构成的合成形容词，副词是修饰分词的状语，用现在分词还是过去分词是由它与中心词的主动或被动关系而定，如：hardworking people勤劳的人们，bravelyfighting soldiers勇敢战斗的战士，a wellknown singer一个有名的歌

21、唱家，the newlymarried couple那对新婚夫妇，等等。.单句语法填空1It was supposed _ (be) a valuable chance to get promoted, but he missed it.2This morning Alice was about _ (go) out when the door opened and in came some strangers.3We decided that we _ (fly) to Canada next month.4Our teacher said that there _ (be) an Engl

22、ish exam the next week.5My aunt _ (come) to see us and she would be here soon.6Miss Zhang said she _ (visit) the Great Wall the next summer.7She told him that she _ (not stay) here for long.8The scientists said the worlds population _ (slow) down in future.9She said the bus _ (leave) at five the nex

23、t morning.10I wasnt sure whether he _ (lend) me his book the next morning.完成句子1我告诉马克当他来了我们就去吃晚餐。I told Mark that when he arrived, we _2我正要告诉他，但他不给我机会。I _， but he didnt give me a chance.3他说他将在八点钟到达这里。He said he _ at eight oclock.4我知道约翰在5点前结束不了工作。I knew John _ by 5：00 pm.5他说他会去照看这个婴儿。He said that he _

24、 the baby.根据汉语提示写出合成词1Before we start, can I make sure that you are fully aware of the dangers of _ (登山)?2New governments study into Hong Kongs _ (长远的) needs shows population will exceed nine million.3Many _ (国产的) machines are becoming more and more popular.4He is suffering from fatigue and _ (与压力有关

25、) illness.5I think it appropriate that he have a _ (交心的) talk with his boss before he gave up the job.6These _ (新设计的) devices will appear on the exhibition next month.7The _ (无休止的) quarrel among the visitors certainly spoiled their appetite for the banquet.8Do you like the _ (白雪覆盖的) mountains in the

26、ir majesty?9Ive been making enquiries about the cost of a _ (环球旅行的) ticket.10Although _ (长途的) phones calls are going up, the charge for local calls will not alter.写出下列加黑词的含义1He invested in taxfree municipals._2In the US., only nativeborn citizens are eligible to the office of president._3New legisla

27、tion is to be introduced to help singleparent families. _4Our paper is embarking on nationwide campaign for increased circulation._5There is a linear relationship between the companys losses and its poorquality products._6The maiden voyage of the newlybuilt steamship was a success._7Abstract the mai

28、n ideas of the twopage report into one page._8A fiveday week benefits more than individually and economically._9All the major theatres now have sponsors, especially for particular highcost productions._10Hes a stupid, idle, goodfornothing boy._Part 单元语法过去将来时和复合词核心突破要点讲解第一版块：过去将来时即学即练1would be; camew

29、ould bewould meetwhere she would gowere going to visit the Great Wall即学即练2was leaving at sixwould helpwas about to beginwas meant to arrive at my homewas on the point of going out第二版块：复合词即学即练1Her easygoing naturethe heartbreaking newsemptyhandedhardwon freedomparttime at the momentworldwide attentio

30、novercome all the difficulties即学即练2一个讲英语的国家家庭聚会刻苦读书的学生手工制品一所著名的大学二手相机郊区商店课外活动夯实基础一遍落实.1to be2.to go3.were flying4.was going to be5.was coming6.would visit7.would not stay8.would slow9.was leaving10.would lend.1would go out for dinner2.was going to tell him3.would be here4.wouldnt finish the work5.was going to take care of.1mountainclimbing2.longterm3.homemade4.stressrelated5.hearttoheart6.newlydesigned7.neverending8snowcovered9.roundtheworld10.longdistance.1免税2.本土出生的公民3.单亲家庭4.全国范围内的5劣质产品6.新建轮船7.两页的报告8.五天工作制9.高成本的10.一无是处的