2022版新教材英语外研版选择性必修第三册学案：UNIT 5 LEARNING FROM NATURE SECTION Ⅱ USING LANGUAGE WORD版含解析.docx

1、Section Using language（非谓语动词作主语、宾语和表语）情境创设语法精讲教材链接1. （教材P53）Today, architects continue to explore ways to capture the beauty of natural forms,2. （教材P54）The Wright brothers, who succeeded in creating and flying the first aeroplane in 1903, got their inspiration from observing pigeons in flight.3. （教材

2、P53）it appears to float above the waterfront promenade and the water that surrounds it.4. （教材P53）The main principle of its design is to recreate natural landscapes in miniature.5. （教材P54）There are many types of biomimicry, among which the most common one is copying form and shape.6. （教材P53） Visitors

3、 are often amazed to find themselves in an urban building that so truly captures the beauty of natural forms.7. （教材P53）Drawing/To draw inspiration from nature is a tradition that goes back centuries.观察上面句子, 并分别写出每句中加黑部分所作的成分：1. 动词不定式作宾语。 2. 动名词短语作宾语。 3. 动词不定式作表语。 4. 动词不定式作表语。 5. 动名词作表语。 6. 过去分词作表语。

4、7. 动名词或动词不定式作主语。 要点精析一、不定式作主语、表语或宾语不定式可以作主语、表语或一些动词的宾语, 也可以和疑问词构成不定式短语作主语、宾语或表语。用法例句作主语不定式作主语时, 谓语动词用单数形式。Learning is like rowing upstream:not to advance is to drop back. 学如逆水行舟, 不进则退。Early to bed and early to rise makes a man healthy, wealthy and wise. 早睡早起使人健康、富有和睿智。不定式作主语时, 可以用it作形式主语, 而把真正的主语置于后

5、面。即用“It is+adj./n.+（for/ofsb.）to do sth.”来代替。To get there by air wil take you only about two hours. 乘飞机去那儿将只花你大约两个小时。（ = It wil take you only about two hours to get there by air.）It is nice for us to atend the meting. 对我们来说, 参加这个会议是令人愉快的。It is kind of you to have given us so much help. 你真好, 给予我们这么多的

6、帮助。作表语当主语部分有what/al/everything等不定代词和实义动词do（表示“做”）的某种形式, 那么作表语的不定式可以不带to。What we should do at the moment is（to）study hard. 目前我们要做的就是努力学习。All he did at work was（to）press the buton if necesary. 他的工作就是需要时按一下按钮。作宾语常接不定式作宾语的动词: aford , agree , arrange , ask , beg , care , chose , decide , demand , determi

7、ne , expect , fear , help , hope , learn , manage , ofer , plan , prepare , pretend , promise , refuse , want , wish , aim , fail , long , hapen , hesitate, strugle, atempt, undertake, volunter, desire等。不定式符号to代替整个不定式时, be和have不能省略。The teacher patiently showed us how to do the experiment. 老师耐心地指导我们如

8、何做实验。Have you ever ben to Paris?No, we cant aford to.你们去过巴黎吗?没有, 我们付不起费用。He wanted to swim across the river but I warned him not to. 他想游过河, 但是我警告他不要这样。His mother wanted him to be ateacher when he grew up, but he didnt want to be. 他的妈妈想让他长大后当教师, 但是他不想当。I didnt tell Mary the bad news.But I would like

9、you to have.我没有告诉玛丽这个不好的消息。但是我宁愿你告诉她了。but后面常接to do。但是当but前有实义动词do（表示“做”）的某种形式, but后不带to。He had no thing to do but stay at home. 他无事可做, 只是待在家里。二、过去分词作表语作表语过去分词作表语常常用来修饰人, 而用-ing形式修饰物。The book is interesting andIm interested in it. 这本书很有趣, 我对它很感兴趣。三、-ing形式作主语、宾语或表语用法例句作主语-ing形式作主语时, 谓语动词用单数形式。Achievin

10、g the great renaissance of the Chinese nation is the greatest dream for the nation in modern times. 实现伟大复兴, 就是中华民族近代以来最伟大的梦想。Learning without thinking leads to confusion; thinking without learning ends in danger. 学而不思则罔, 思而不学则殆。Being exposed to sunlight for too much time will do harm to ones skin. 长

11、时间暴晒对人的皮肤有害。作宾语-ing可以作介词的宾语也可以作动词的宾语。Have you considered making contributions to your hometown after graduation? 你考虑过毕业后为家乡做贡献吗？Im sorry for having kept you waiting so long. 对不起让你久等了。Victor apologized for his not being able to inform me of the change in the plan. 维克多因为没有通知我计划变更而道歉。Nothing can stop t

12、he plan from being carried out. 什么也阻止不了这个计划的实施。作表语-ing形式作表语时, 有两种不同含义。My job is teaching. 我的工作是教书。（说明主语的内容）The news is exciting. 这条新闻很振奋人心。（说明主语的性质）比较：He is reading. 他正在读书。（不是非谓语动词, 是现在进行时, 表示正在进行的动作）注意：1. 下列动词后通常用不定式作宾语, 请牢记下面的口诀：决心学会想希望, 拒绝设法愿假装。主动答应选计划, 同意请求帮一帮。decide/determine, learn, want, expe

13、ct/hope/wish; refuse, manage, care, pretend; offer, promise, choose, plan; agree, ask/beg, help; 另外还有afford, strive, happen, wait, threaten等2. 下列动词或动词短语后通常用-ing形式作宾语, 请牢记下面的口诀：考虑建议盼原谅, 承认推迟没得想。避免错过继续练, 否认完成就欣赏。禁止想象才冒险, 不禁介意准逃亡。consider, suggest/advise, look forward to, excuse/pardon; admit, delay/pu

14、t off, fancy（想象, 设想）; avoid, miss, keep/keep on, practice; deny, finish, enjoy/appreciate; forbid, imagine, risk; cant help, mind, allow/permit, escape3. 下列动词短语后也通常用-ing形式作宾语：be used/accustomed to, lead to, stick to, object to, get down to, pay attention to, cant stand （无法忍受）, give up, feel like, in

15、sist on, thankfor, apologize for, be busy （in）, have difficulty/trouble （in）, have a good/wonderful/hard time （in）, spend time （in）4. 下列动词或动词短语后既可以用-ing形式作宾语, 也可以用不定式作宾语, 但意义上有区别, 要特别注意：后接不定式后接动名词regret to do sth. 遗憾要去做某事regret doing sth. 后悔做过某事forget to do sth. 忘记要去做某事forget doing sth. 忘记做过某事rememb

16、er to do sth. 记得要去做某事remember doing sth. 记得做过某事mean to do sth. 打算做某事mean doing sth. 意味着做某事try to do sth. 努力/企图去做某事try doing sth. 试着做某事cant help （to）do sth. 不能帮助做某事cant help doing sth. 情不自禁做某事5. 下列动词或动词短语后用-ing形式：spend some time doing sth. 花时间做某事have fun/have a good time/have a bad time doing sth. 很（

17、不）愉快做某事have （no） difficulty doing sth. 做某事（没）有困难catch sb. doing sth. 当场发现某人做某事there is no point doing sth. 做某事没有意义there is no denying that毋庸置疑its no use/good doing sth. 做某事没有用/没好处sth. be worth doing某事值得（被）做be busy doing sth. 忙于做某事cant help doing sth. 情不自禁做某事send sb. doing sth. 使得某人做某事sth. needs doin

18、g某事需要（被）做end up doing sth. 结果做了某事实战演练. 单句语法填空1. Being surrounded （surround）by beautiful green mountains and located at the foot of Mount Lu makes it a famous tourist attraction.2.They never quit looking （look）for a way to get where they are supposed to go!3.The clubs in Argentina couldnt help him, b

19、ut the famous Barcelona club in Spain offered to accept （accept）Messi on the junior team and pay the bills.4.Scientists have discovered that staying （stay）in the cold could help us lose weight.5.Its never foolish to acknowledge （acknowledge）you are wrong. Being humans, we all need the art of apology

20、.6.Firstly, you should consider dividing （divide）them into different groups-who are the people you dont know well but see pretty much daily.7.He appreciated being given （give）a chance to make a presentation in the annual seminar on Comparative Literature.8.The next step is to make （make） sure that y

21、ou know exactly what is required.9.It would be wrong for people to marry （marry）for money.10.He hopes to create （create）an environment for his students, which is much more relaxing than the one he used to study in.11.He seems to be reading （read）in his room at present.12. To finish （finish）the work

22、in ten minutes is very hard.13.Marx found it important to study （study）the situation in Russia.14.He came to the party without being invited （invite）.15. Reading （read） aloud is very helpful. 语法填空1.There is a wonderful story about a young girl who had no family and no one 1. to love （love）her.One da

23、y, 2. feeling （feel）very sad and lonely, she was walking through a meadow when she noticed a small butterfly 3. caught （catch）in a thorny bush. The young girl carefully released the butterfly. Instead of 4. flying （fly）away, the little butterfly changed into a beautiful fairy.“In return for your won

24、derful kindness,”the good fairy said to the girl,“I will give you any wish that you would like 5. to get （get）.”The little girl thought for a moment and then replied,“I want to be happy.”6. Leaning （lean）toward her, the fairy whispered in her ear and then disappeared.With the little girl 7. growing

25、（grow）up, there was no one in the land happier than she was. Everyone wanted to make themselves 8. told （tell）the secret of happiness by her. She would only smile and answer,“The secret of my happiness is that I listened to a good fairy when I was a little girl.”When she was dying, the neighbors all

26、 gathered around her, 9. fearing （fear）that her unbelievable secret of happiness would die with her. So they begged her 10. to tell （tell）them what the good fairy said. The lovely old woman simply smiled and said,“She told me that everyone, no matter how old or young, how rich or poor, had need of m

27、e.”新知清障素养构建核心词汇1.wisdom n. 智慧wisdom learnt from nature（教材P53）从自然中学到的智慧典例翻译A man of wisdom is not necessarily a man of ability. 有智慧的人不一定就是有能力的人。 A flow of words is no proof of wisdom. 口若悬河, 不能证明真有才智。 But conventional wisdom may have got it wrong. 但传统说法未必正确。 He is too lacking in worldly wisdom to be a

28、 politician. 他对人情世故知之甚少, 当不了政治家。 归纳拓展（1）传统观点 conventional wisdom 人情世故 worldly wisdom 智齿 wisdom teeth （2）wise adj. 聪明的; 有智慧的; 明智的; 有见识的事后聪明 wise after the event 学以致用（1）单句填空Conventional wisdom （wise） has it that riots only ever happen in cities.Learned men are not necessarily wise （wisdom）.（2）单句写作智者在生

29、活中不会自怜。（2019天津卷） A wise man can live without self-pity. 2.employ v. 使用, 运用Inspired by dolphins, people have learnt how to send signals underwater, which is currently employed in tsunami early-warning systems. （教材P54）在海豚的启发下, 人们学会了如何在水下发出信号, 这种信号目前应用于海啸预警系统。典例翻译More than 3,000 local workers are emplo

30、yed in the tourism industry. 超过3,000名本地工人受雇于旅游业。 It is a pity that such a talent as him should be employed in doing such small things. 真可惜, 像他这样有才能的人竟然从事这类琐事。 He employed a gardener for the heavy digging. 他雇了一名花匠干挖土的重活。 What college students are mainly concerned about is employment and their dream i

31、s to have well-paid jobs where they can live their lives to the fullest. 大学生主要关心的是就业, 他们的梦想是有高薪的工作, 他们可以充分地生活。 归纳拓展忙于（做某事） be employed in （doing sth.） 雇主, 老板n. employer 雇工, 雇员n. employee employment n. 雇用unemployment n. 失业unemployed adj. 失业的全职/兼职工作 full-time/part-time employment 失业水平/率 the level/rate

32、 of unemployment 学以致用（1）单句填空He is employing himself in compiling a dictionary of English idioms.But Oshbot, like other social robots, is not intended to replace workers, but to work alongside other employees （employ）.Faced with the increasing unemployment （employment）, many people went on strike in

33、most of the European countries.（2）单句写作艺术机构雇用了1万多名全职或兼职员工。（2018江苏卷, 阅读理解） Arts agencies employ more than 10,000 people as full-time or part-time employees. 3.along with与一起; 除之外, 还有（ = together with = with）Pine and bamboo groves were added later, along with a pond and an island. （教材 P53）后来又增加了松树和竹林, 以

34、及一个池塘和一个岛屿。典例翻译Along with these physical changes, there come many psychological changes. 伴随着这些生理变化而来的, 还有很多心理上的变化。 All we need is some creativity along with plenty of time and practice. 我们所需要的是一些创造力以及大量的时间和练习。 He along with his wife and his family was facing trouble now. 他们夫妻一家那时正面临着麻烦。 Only when we

35、 follow the laws of nature can we better get along with it. 我们只有遵循自然法则才能更好地与环境和谐共处。 She invited everyone she knew to come along. 她邀请了所有认识的人一起来。 归纳拓展主语后面有along/together with, with, besides, but, except, including, like, as well as, rather than等词或词组引出的短语时, 谓语动词的单复数形式要与主语保持一致。（事情）进展; 与相处 get along/on w

36、ith 过来, 跟我走 come along take sth. along with sb. 随身带着某物all along 一直, 始终学以致用（1）完成句子一般来说, 他很容易相处。Generally speaking, he is easy to get along with .如果你愿意, 和我们一起去吧。 Come along with us , if you like.（2）单句写作这位音乐家连同他的乐队成员在过去三个月的时间里已经演出了十场。（2019江苏卷） The musician along with his band members has given ten perf

37、ormances in the last three months. e about 发生; 产生This came about because many Chinese martial artists admired the natural instincts, senses and fighting abilities that animals possess in order to survive in the wild. （教材P55）这是因为许多中国武术家欣赏动物们为了在野外生存而拥有的自然本能、感官和战斗能力。典例翻译Many traffic accidents came abou

38、t as a result of the drivers drink-driving. 许多交通事故都是由司机酒后驾车造成的。 I came across this old picture in a book the other day. 那天我偶然在一本书中看到这张旧照片。 The war broke out in 1931 and lasted 14 years before China finally won. 这场战争于1931年爆发, 持续14年后, 中国才取得了最终胜利。 It occurred to me that she didnt know I had moved into

39、the new house. 我突然想起来她还不知道我已经搬到了新家。 归纳拓展（偶然）碰到, 遇见 come across （书、唱片等）出版, 发行 come out 提出; 想出 come up with （战争、殴斗、疾病等）爆发 break out 某人突然想到 It occurred to sb. that come true 实现come to an end 结束学以致用用所学短语的适当形式填空The meaning of this word will come across to you sooner or later.To some extent, what you came

40、 up with is practical.What on earth are the police busy with?They have been looking into how the plane crash came about .That magazine comes out once a month.重点句型否定词+比较级：nowherebetterthan“没有比这更好的地方了（这是最好的地方）”Nowhere is this better illustrated than in the beautiful Lingering Garden of Suzhou. （教材P53）

41、没有什么地方比美丽的苏州留园更能说明这一点。典例翻译Nothing is easier than this. = Nothing is so easy as this. 这是最容易的事。 No film character has ever been more widely enjoyed than her. 没有哪个电影角色比她更受欢迎了。 Do you think our basketball players played very well yesterday?They couldnt have done better. 你认为我们的篮球队员昨天打得很好吗？ 他们打得非常好。 归纳拓展最

42、高级意义的多种表达法：（1）the+形容词（副词）最高级（2）否定词+形容词（副词）比较级（+than）（3）否定词+so/as+形容词（副词）原级+as（4）比较级 than alltheother+复数名词theother+复数名词anyoftheother+复数名词anyother+单数名词anyofthething/anyoneelse学以致用一句多译汤姆是他班上最聪明的学生。Tom is the most intelligent student in his class.No one is more intelligent than Tom in his class.Tom is more intelligent than any other student in his class.Tom is more intelligent than any of the other students in his class.Tom is more intelligent than all the other students in his class.Tom is more intelligent than anyone else in his class. No one is as intelligent as Tom in his class.