新教材2020-2021学年英语人教版（2019）必修第三册练习：UNIT 3　DIVERSE CULTURES DISCOVERING USEFUL STRUCTURES （GRAMMAR） WORD版含解析.doc

1、课时作业(三)Discovering Useful Structures (Grammar)必备知识基础练.单词拼写1The leaves of certain trees are _ (有毒的) to cattle.2He sat in a kitchen chair, reached down and pulled off his _ (靴子)3Sorry, Im _ (特别；格外) tired. I have to turn in.4Tokyo and New York are major _ (金融的) centres.5I know nothing about the _ (诗歌).

2、句型转换1Though he was tired, he managed to climb the hill._， he managed to climb the hill.2Sorry, the line is busy._， the line is busy.3Do you like sandwiches?Yes, I like them very much.Do you like sandwiches?Yes, _.4The island is seldom, if it was ever, visited by ships.The island is seldom, _， visite

3、d by ships.5He doesnt like playing football but he used to play football.He doesnt like playing football but he _.6This meeting is taking longer than it is expected.This meeting is taking longer _.7She stood at the gate as if she was waiting for someone.She stood at the gate _.8John will go abroad t

4、o travel but his brother will not go abroad to travel.John will go abroad to travel but _.9The teacher thought him to be a very clever pupil._.10Work hard when you are young, or youll regret._.完成句子1这本书已被译为多国语言。This book _ into many languages.2我很抱歉没有早点告诉你这个消息。Im sorry for _ you the news earlier.3听音乐是

5、我的爱好。_ is my hobby.4横穿街道时，要注意红绿灯。_ the street, you must pay attention to the traffic lights.5第一个问题很难，但其余的都相当简单。The first question was difficult, but _ pretty easy.6如果父母从来都不希望孩子在家帮忙的话，他们肯定不会去做。If parents never expect their children to be helpful at home, they are sure _.关键能力提升练.阅读AMeeting people from

6、 another culture can be difficult. From the beginning, people may send the wrong signal (信号). Or they may pay no attention to signals from another person who is trying to develop a relationship.Different cultures emphasize (强调) the importance of relationship building to a greater or lesser degree. F

7、or example, business in some countries is not possible until there is a relationship of trust. Even with people at work, it is necessary to spend a lot of time in “small talk”， usually over a glass of tea, before they do any job. In many European countrieslike the UK or Francepeople find it easier t

8、o build up a lasting working relationship at restaurants or cafes rather than at the office.Talk and silence may also be different in some cultures. I once made a speech in Thailand. I had expected my speech to be a success and start a lively discussion. Instead there was an uncomfortable silence. T

9、he people present just stared at me and smiled. After getting to know their ways better, I realized that they thought I was talking too much. In my own culture, we express meaning mainly through words, but people there sometimes feel too many words are unnecessary.Even within Northern Europe, cultur

10、al differences can cause serious problems. Certainly, English and German cultures share similar values; however, Germans prefer to get down to business more quickly. We think that they are rude. In fact, this is just because one culture starts discussions and makes decisions more quickly.People from

11、 different parts of the world have different values, and sometimes these values are quite against each other. However, if we can understand them better, a multicultural environment (多元文化环境) will offer a wonderful chance for us to learn from each other.1In some countries, eating together at restauran

12、ts may make it easier for people to _.Adevelop closer relationsBshare the same cultureCget to know each otherDkeep each other company2The author mentions his experience in Thailand to show that _.Athe English prefer to make long speechesBtoo many words are of no useCpeople from Thailand are quiet an

13、d shy by natureDeven talk and silence can be culturally different3According to the text, how can people from different cultures understand each other better?ABy sharing different ways of life.BBy accepting different habits.CBy recognizing different values.DBy speaking each others language.4What woul

14、d be the best title for the text?AMulticultural EnvironmentBCrossCultural DifferencesCHow to Understand Each OtherDHow to Build Up a RelationshipBAre you sometimes a little tired and sleepy in the early afternoon? Many people feel this way after lunch. They may think that eating lunch is the cause o

15、f the sleepiness. Or, in summer, they may think it is the heat. However, the real reason lies inside their bodies. At that timeabout eight hours after you wake upyour body temperature goes down. This is what makes you slow down and feel sleepy. Scientists have tested sleep habits in experiments wher

16、e there was no night or day. The people in these experiments almost always followed a similar sleeping pattern. They slept for one long period and then for one short period about eight hours later.In many parts of the world, people take naps in the middle of the day. This is especially true in warme

17、r climates, where the heat makes work difficult in the early afternoon. Researchers are now saying that naps are good for everyone in any climate. A daily nap gives one a more rested body and mind and therefore is good for health in general. In countries where naps are traditional, people often suff

18、er less from problems such as heart disease. Many working people, unfortunately, have no time to take naps. Though doctors may advise taking naps, employers do not allow it! If you do have the chance, however, here are a few tips about making the most of your nap. Remember that the best time to take

19、 a nap is about eight hours after you get up. A short sleep too late in the day may only make you feel more tired and sleepy afterward. This can also happen if you sleep for too long. If you do not have enough time, try a short napeven ten minutes of sleep can be helpful.5Why do you sometimes feel s

20、leepy in the early afternoon?ABecause you eat too much for lunch.BBecause its hot in summer.CBecause your body temperature goes down at that time.DBecause you didnt have a good sleep last night.6What can we learn about “naps” according to the last paragraph?AAll the people in warmer climates take na

21、ps in the middle of the day.BDoctors need to take naps while employers dont.CIf you take naps every day, youll never suffer from heart disease.DTaking naps regularly is good to peoples health.7If you get up at 6：30 am, what is the best time for you to take a nap?AAbout 12：30 pm. BAbout 1：30 pm.CAbou

22、t 2：30 pm. DAbout 3：30 pm.8What would be the best title for the text?AAll for a NapBJust for a RestCA Special Sleep PatternDTaking Naps in Warmer ClimateCMany young people would like to make a booth (货摊) to do business on the street in the name of entrepreneurship (创业精神) and sell lemons. It might se

23、em like an easy sellkids offering cool drinks. Some entrepreneurs offer their tips on how to make money from this.Joe Mansueto, founder of the investment company Morningstar, sold lemonade (柠檬汽水) as a kid. “You should always pay attention to customers，” he said. “When somebodys walking down the stre

24、et, get out from behind the booth, greet them, talk to them and just make friends with them to attract more customers.”However, his two sons decided to sell a different drink. When they were 8 and 10, his boys sold cocoa outside their home. “The great thing about business is that there are really no

25、 rules. You can be creative and try something different，” said Mansueto.But it wasnt enough for US representative Mike Quigley and his older brother to sell drinks. They sold old books at the booth and would rent them out for customers to read while they enjoyed their drinks.Adam Ochstein, founder o

26、f StratEx Partners, a human resources service company, gave frequent visitors cards which were printed with a lemon. Every five drinks, customers got one card which allowed them to pay less than half of the next drink. However, they didnt price (给定价) the drinks. “If you want to give nothing, give no

27、thing. If you want to give $2, give $2. I think we had let the adults give more money than they probably would like to.” Today, he suggests kids use social media for marketing. He said, “It can tell people where the booth is going to be and what unique specials youre running.”9What is Paragraph 2 ma

28、inly about?AHow to set up a big company.BHow to attract more customers.CHow to make friends with others.DHow to tell apart rich customers.10How did Mike Quigley make his booth different from the others?ABy selling cocoa outside their home.BBy renting used books to the customers.CBy making friends wi

29、th his customers.DBy lending new books to his customers.11What advice about the booth does Ochstein give to kids?AGiving visitors free drinks.BGiving visitors cards with a lemon.CTaking advantage of social media.DAllowing customers to pay less money.12What is the best title for the text?AStreet busi

30、ness BMarketing fashionCService culture DSocial activities.七选五Some people describe American society as a salad bowl while others think of it as a melting pot.In a bowl of salad, all the ingredients are mixed together. _1_ Together, however, the ingredients make up a unity. All the ingredients of a s

31、alad contribute to the finished product. They may be covered with the same dressing (调味酱), but the green vegetables，tomatoes and cooked corn can all be seen for what they are.From this point of view, America is very much like a salad bowl where individual ethnic groups mix together, yet maintain the

32、ir cultural uniqueness. People may work together during the day at similar jobs and in the same companies, but at night they may return to their ethnic groups where their own individual culture directs their way of life. _2_ Each ethnic group has its own special customs, language, food and tradition

33、s to protect and defend. This idea of the salad bowl is referred to as cultural diversity; that is, American society is a collection of various cultures living together in harmony within one country._3_ Here, society is like one large pot of soup. All cultural aspects are mixed together, sacrificing

34、 their original identity and keeping a bit of what they were to become a new reality. The longer the soup is cooked, the better the taste and the more likely it will be for the mixture to dissolve. In this sense, America can surely be seen as a melting pot where people from all over the world come t

35、o live and work together forming one nation. There are dozens of shared symbols. _4_ In such a culture, symbols like the flag and the nations official song serve to break down the walls which separate ethnic groups.Whether a salad bowl or a melting pot, America can be best described as a mixture of

36、both. _5_ABoth are correct depending on ones point of view.BThey never lose their shapes, colors or tastes.CThis is why there is so much diversity within America.DIn other words, America is a nation where there is unity in diversity.EThus, one needs to abandon ones culture to be considered “American

37、”FThey serve to develop the various ethnic groups to create a new American culture.GThe other theory, which is also used to describe American society, is the melting pot.语法填空Burns Supper is held 1._ memory of the Scottish poet Robert Burns. It was started a few years after his death by his friends i

38、n 1801, and it 2._ (celebrate) every year on 25 January, Burns birthday. The centre of any good Burns Supper is the haggis (羊杂碎肚), which is made of a sheeps heart and other 3._ (organ) cut up and cooked inside the animals stomach. The haggis is brought into the dining area 4._ (lead) by a piper (吹笛者

39、) playing the bagpipes. The host then cuts up the haggis with a sharp knife while 5._ (say) Burns poem Address to a Haggis. In 6._ end, everyone gathers together to sing Auld Lang Syne.Burns was very poor for most of his life, 7._ led to his death at the early age of 37 in 1796. During his short lif

40、e he wrote many lovely poems, which are still admired today, including Auld Lang Syne, so often sung to celebrate the 8._ (arrive) of the New Year. With Burns Night celebrations being held all over the world from Scotland to Australia 9._ from Russia to America, Robert Burns is said 10._ (be) worth

41、hundreds of millions of pounds a year to the Scottish economy.课时作业(三)Discovering Useful Structures (Grammar)必备知识基础练.单词拼写1poisonous2.boots3.super4.financial5.poetry.句型转换1Though tired2.I am sorry3.very much4.if ever5.used to6.than expected7.as if waiting for someone8.his brother will not9The teacher t

42、hought him a very clever pupil10.Work hard when young, or youll regret.完成句子1has been translated2.not having told3.Listening to music4While crossing5.the rest were6.not to be关键能力提升练.阅读A【语篇解读】本文主要介绍了不同文化之间的差异，并说明了加强互相了解和认识的重要性。1答案与解析：A推理判断题。根据第二段“people find it easier to build up a lasting working rel

43、ationship at restaurants or cafes rather than at the office.”可知在一些地方吃饭和喝咖啡比在办公室更容易建立工作关系。2答案与解析：D推理判断题。根据第三段“Talk and silence may also be different in some cultures.”可知谈话和沉默也有文化上的差异。3答案与解析：C细节理解题。根据最后一段最后一句“However, if we can understand them better, a multicultural environment (多元文化环境) will offer a

44、wonderful chance for us to learn from each other.”可知虽然文化之间差异很大，但是加强了解和认识就能互相理解。4答案与解析：B主旨大意题。本文主要介绍了不同文化之间的差异，并说明了要加强相互了解和认识。所以“CrossCultural Differences”作为题目比较恰当。B【语篇解读】这篇短文主要讲述了人们累了或者是在夏天的午后都会休息或睡觉，小睡对于人们的身体是有好处的。5答案与解析：C细节理解题。根据短文第一段However, the real reason lies inside their bodies. At that timea

45、bout eight hours after you wake upyour body temperature goes down.可知人们会在下午早些时候感到昏昏欲睡是因为体温降低。故选C。6答案与解析：D细节理解题。根据文章第二段A daily nap gives one a more rested body and mind and therefore is good for health in general.可知每天的小睡给予人们更好的休息，并且对健康是有好处的。故选D。7答案与解析：C推理判断题。根据文章第一段At that timeabout eight hours after

46、you wake upyour body temperature goes down.可知在醒以后8个小时，人体的温度下降，人会犯困，故6：30起床，8个小时以后就是下午2点30。故C正确。8答案与解析：A标题归纳题。通读全文可知本文主要讲述的是人们累了或者是在夏天的午后都会休息或睡觉，小睡对人们的身体有好处。故选A。C【语篇解读】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。主要通过企业家现身说法，介绍货摊生意的营销技巧。9答案与解析：B主旨大意题。根据第二段可知，第二段主要讲了如何吸引更多的顾客。故选B项。10答案与解析：B细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“They sold old books at the bo

47、oth and would rent them out for customers to read while they enjoyed their drinks.”可知，Mike Quigley通过卖旧书和把用过的书租给顾客来使自己的摊位与众不同。故选B项。11答案与解析：C细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“Today，he suggests kids use social media for marketing.”可知，Ochstein建议孩子们利用社交媒体。故选C项。12答案与解析：A主旨大意题。结合全文内容可知，本文主要介绍了货摊生意的营销技巧。故选A项。.七选五【语篇解读】有的人把美国社

48、会描述为“沙拉碗”，有的人认为它是“大熔炉”。实际上，美国的特点并非非此即彼，而是在差异中存在统一。1答案与解析：B根据设空处前面的a bowl of salad及本段最后一句，并分析各个选项可知，只有B项“它们从来不会失去它们的形状、颜色和味道”的描述与沙拉有关。They指代前句中的all the ingredients (所有的材料)。故选B项。2答案与解析：C根据分析，本段继续描述美国像“沙拉碗”，前后为因果关系：“多个民族”融合，但是“保持着各自的独特性”，使得人们白天可能从事相似的工作，但是下班后沿用各自民族的生活方式，这就是美国“多样性”的原因。故选C项。3答案与解析：G文章第一段

49、提出“沙拉碗”和“大熔炉”两个理论。第二、三两段详细描述了“沙拉碗”理论。设空处位于第四段段首，再根据本段中的one large pot及a melting pot可知选G项，引出下文对第二个理论的描述。4答案与解析：F本段最后三句围绕shared symbols(共享的符号)展开：有许多“共享的符号”，因而“它们”有助于不同民族的发展以便创造一个新的美国文化，而在这样的文化中，美国国旗和国歌这些符号有助于打破种族分裂的藩篱。F项中They指代前句中的shared symbols。故选F项。5答案与解析：D本段用两句话总结全文：“美国将沙拉碗和大熔炉两大特点融合在了一起。换句话说，美国是一个多

50、样性中存在统一的国家”。D项中unity in diversity是本段第一句中a mixture of both的另一种说法。故选D项。.语法填空【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。介绍了彭斯晚宴的由来、时间、庆祝活动以及对苏格兰经济的影响。1答案与解析：in考查介词。彭斯晚餐的举行是为了纪念苏格兰诗人罗伯特彭斯。短语in memory of sb.意为“为了纪念(已故的)某人”。2答案与解析：is celebrated考查时态和语态。每年的一月二十五号举办彭斯晚宴，此处陈述的是客观事实，故应用一般现在时；又因为句子主语it和动词celebrate之间为被动关系，故应用被动语态。3答案与解析：or

51、gans考查名词复数。此处名词organ为可数名词；根据前面的other可知，应用其复数形式。4答案与解析：led考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，空处在句中作定语，且与a piper之间为被动关系，故应用动词ed形式。5答案与解析：saying考查从句的省略。此处while引导的状语从句的主语和主句的主语一致，且从句的谓语动词中含有be动词的某种形式，所以省略了从句的主语和be动词，故本空填saying。该从句补充完整为：while the host is saying Burns poem Address to a Haggis。6答案与解析：the考查冠词。in the end为固定短语

52、，意为“最后”。7答案与解析：which考查定语从句。该句为含有非限制性定语从句的复合句，从句中缺少主语且关系词指代整个主句的内容“Burns was very poor for most of his life”，故应用关系代词which。8答案与解析：arrival考查词形转换。根据该空前面的冠词the可知，此处应填名词形式。9答案与解析：and考查连词。此处指“从苏格兰到澳大利亚，从俄罗斯到美国，世界各地都举行彭斯晚宴的庆祝活动”。该空前后为并列关系，故应用并列连词and。10答案与解析：to be考查固定句型。Sb. is said to be.相当于It is said that sb.意为“据说某人”。