新教材2021-2021学年高一人教版英语必修第2册学案：UNIT 5 SECTION Ⅱ　DISCOVERING USEFUL STRUCTURES WORD版含解析.doc

1、Section Discovering Useful Structures单元语法精析 过去分词作表语和状语语法点拨一、过去分词作表语1过去分词可放在系动词be, get, feel, remain, seem, look, become等之后作表语，表示主语所处的状态。He seemed quite delighted at the news.听到这个消息他似乎很高兴。The door remained locked.门仍然锁着。2过去分词作表语多表示人自身的感觉、感受或事物自身的状态，常译作“(感到)的”；现在分词作表语则多表示事物具有的特性，常译作“令人的”。He became disc

2、ouraged.他泄气了。The situation proves encouraging.形势是鼓舞人心的。误区警示英语中有很多与感觉有关的及物动词，其现在分词表示主动意义，即“令人有某种感觉的”，多用来修饰物；其过去分词含有被动意义，即“人被引起某种感觉的”，多用来指人、人的声音或表情等。常用的这类词有：The story they heard over the radio was very moving.他们从收音机里听到的这个故事很感人。She was moved by his moving speech.她被他动人的演说感动了。They were frightened to hear

3、 the frightening sound.他们听到那可怕的声音很害怕。The chairman announced the exciting news in an excited voice.主席用一种兴奋的声音宣布了这个令人激动的消息。Alice read the letter with a puzzled expression on her face.艾丽丝脸上带着一种迷惑的表情读了这封信。3过去分词作表语时与被动语态的区别“be过去分词”表示状态时，是系表结构，此时分词通常已形容词化；表示动作时，是被动语态，且绝大多数被动结构中的动作执行者由介词by引出。The book is we

4、ll written.(系表结构，强调主语所处的状态)这本书写得很好。The book was written by a soldier.(被动语态，强调主语所承受的动作)这本书是一位战士写的。即学即练单句语法填空The fact is that store is now closed(close)They were excited at the exciting news.(excite)The sound was frightening and he was frightened.(frighten)二、过去分词作状语过去分词作状语，修饰谓语动词，进一步说明动作发生的背景或情况，在意义上相

5、当于状语从句，可以跟状语从句转换，表示时间、让步、结果、方式等。其逻辑主语为句子的主语，两者之间为动宾关系。1时间状语过去分词(短语)作时间状语，相当于一个时间状语从句，可以在其前加上when，while，until等，使其时间意义更明确。该状语可置于句首、句尾或主语与谓语之间。从时间意义上看，该动作常表示先于谓语动作发生，也可与谓语动作同时发生。Told that his mother was seriously ill，Li Ping hurried home quickly.被告知妈妈病得很严重，李平急忙跑回了家。(先于谓语动作发生)Seen from the top of the hi

6、ll，the city looks more beautiful.When (it is) seen from the top of the hill，the city looks more beautiful.从山顶上看，城市显得更美丽。(与谓语动作同时发生)2原因状语过去分词(短语)作原因状语，相当于一个原因状语从句，多位于句首，偶尔也出现在句尾或句中。Moved by the heroic deeds，the children couldnt help crying.孩子们被英雄事迹感动，情不自禁地哭了起来。Lost in thought, he almost knocked into

7、a tree.由于陷入了沉思，他差点撞到树上。The child well brought up by his parents behaves very well.由于受到父母很好的教育，这个孩子举止规矩有礼。3条件状语过去分词(短语)作条件状语，相当于一个条件状语从句，可以在其前加上if，unless，once等，多位于句首，该状语可能是对过去被动动作的假设，也可能没有具体的时间性，表示一种客观情况。Given more time，we could do it better.If (we were) given more time，we could do it better.多给我们点时间的

8、话，我们会做得更好。(对过去被动动作的假设)Heated，water will turn into steam.If (it is) heated, water will turn into steam.如果受热，水会变成水蒸气。4让步状语过去分词(短语)作让步状语，相当于一个让步状语从句，有时可用在although，though，even if，even though，whether.or等连词后。多位于句首，偶尔也出现在句尾。Beaten by the opposite team，they didnt lose heart and encouraged each other.Though

9、(they were) beaten by the opposite team，they didnt lose heart and encouraged each other.虽然被对方打败了，但是他们没有灰心丧气而是相互鼓励。Wounded，the brave soldiers continued to fight to search for the trapped in the ruins.Though (they were) wounded，the brave soldiers continued to fight to search for the trapped in the rui

10、ns. 虽然受伤了，但是勇敢的战士们仍然继续作战，寻找被困在废墟中的人们。 5方式或伴随状语作方式或伴随状语的过去分词(短语)，相当于由and引导的并列结构。该状语可置于句首、句尾或句中。The president entered the hall，accompanied by a group of leaders.The president entered the hall，and he was accompanied by a group of leaders.总统由一群领导陪着进了大厅。Supported by a girl，the old man got off the bus.The

11、 old man was supported by a girl，and he got off the bus.在一位姑娘的搀扶下，老人下了公共汽车。即学即练单句语法填空Frightened(fright) by the noise in the night, the girl didnt dare to sleep in her room.Approached(approach) in the dark, the lights looked lonely and purposeless.Given(give) better attention, the accident could have

12、 been avoided.Compared(compare) with you, we still have a long way to go.The old man went into the room, supported(support) by his wife.Waited(wait) by others for over half an hour, he didnt turn up at the meeting.三、现在分词与过去分词作状语的区别1逻辑关系现在分词作状语与过去分词作状语的最主要区别在于：两者与所修饰的主句的主语的逻辑关系的区别。(1)现在分词作状语时，现在分词所表示

13、的动作与句子主语之间构成逻辑上的主谓关系。He went out, shutting the door behind him.他出去后随手关上了门。(he是shut这个动作的发出者，构成逻辑上的主谓关系)Not knowing what to do, he went to his parents for help.由于不知如何是好，他去找父母帮忙。(2)过去分词作状语时，过去分词所表示的动作与句子主语之间构成逻辑上的动宾关系。Given more encouragement, the boy could have behaved better.如果多给这个男孩一些鼓励，他本能表现得更好。(句子

14、主语the boy与give构成逻辑上的动宾关系)Faced with difficulties, we must try to overcome them.在遇到困难时，我们必须设法克服。(3)部分过去分词来源于系表结构，作状语时不表示“被动关系”，其前不用being。常见的这种过去分词及短语有：lost in(陷入某种状态)、seated(坐着的)、hidden(躲着)、lost/absorbed(沉溺于)、born in(出生于)、dressed in(穿着)、tired of(厌烦了)等。Lost/Absorbed in deep thought, he didnt hear the

15、sound.因为陷入沉思中，所以他没有听到那个声音。Born in this beautiful town, he hates to leave it.出生于这个美丽的小镇，他不愿离开它。2时间概念过去分词所表示的动作发生在谓语动作之前，或表示“一种状态”，与谓语动作同时发生或存在。现在分词的一般式(doing)表示的动作与谓语动作同时发生或在说话时正在进行。Written in a hurry, this article was not so good.因为写得匆忙，这篇文章不是很好。Reading carefully, he found something he hadnt known b

16、efore.他仔细读书时，发现了一些从前不知道的东西。巧学妙记分词作状语记忆口诀分词作状语，主语是问题。逗号前后两动作，共用一主语。主语找出后，再来判关系。主动用ing，被动用ed，having done表先后，千万要牢记。即学即练用分词短语完成句子Laughed_at_by_many_people， he continued his study.尽管被许多人嘲笑，他还是继续他的研究。Given_a_few_minutes， Ill finish it.再给几分钟的时间，我就会完成了。Even_though_invited_by_him，I wont take part in the part

17、y.即使被他邀请，我也不会参加聚会的。Once_seen， the beauty of the scenery here will leave a deep impression on you.一旦看见，这里的美丽风景会给你留下深刻的印象。Determined_to_get_a_ticket_of_the_concert， he didnt mind standing in a long queue.决心得到一张音乐会的门票，他不介意排长队。Followed_by_his_assistant， the professor walked out of the hall.有助手跟着，教授走出了大厅

18、。When_completed， the museum will be open to the public next year.博物馆完工后将于明年向公众开放。Caught_in_a_heavy_rain， he was all wet.被大雨淋了，他全身湿透了。Unless_invited_to_speak， you should remain silent at the conference.除非被邀请发言，否则你在会议上应该保持沉默。Worried_about_the_future， he cant fall asleep.担心将来，他夜不能寐。专项练习.单句语法填空1Devoted(

19、devote)to his work，the professor cares little about any other things.2Dressed(dress) in a white uniform，he looks more like a cook than a doctor.3Worn(wear) out after a long walk，Kate called and said she couldnt come to the party.4Freed(free) of the burden of ice，the balloon climbed up and drifted aw

20、ay.5Onceconsidered(consider) a difficult and even dangerous place，Vietnam is now a friendly destination that welcomes visitors from all over the world.6Thoughtold(tell) to stop，the two girls kept on talking at the meeting.7Oncelost (lose)，such a chance might never come again.8Written(write) careless

21、ly，your composition is full of mistakes.9Trapped(trap) by strong winds and deep snow, Andy made a hole in the snow and crawled into a survival bag.10Faced (face) with the present global difficult economic situation, many people dont dare to invest money in the stock market any more.11I was too tired

22、(tire) to walk any further.12In the evening he is buried (bury) in his books.13Both he and I are satisfied (satisfy) with the result.14He was discouraged (discourage) from making another attempt.15Tom was more surprised (surprise) than disappointed (disappoint) at this news.16I felt excited (excite)

23、 at the news.17After the heavy rain, many cars got caught (catch) in the mud.18When I got home, the door remained locked (lock)19The woman devoted (devote) to his son broke down in the end.20He got trapped (trap) in the big fire.句型转换1The hunter left his home and he was followed by his dog.The hunter

24、 left his home, followed_by_his_dog.2When it is heated, water changes into steam.When_heated， water changes into steam.3Because the teacher was satisfied with what he did, the teacher praised him in class.Satisfied_with_what_he_did， the teacher praised him in class.4If these seeds are grown in rich

25、soil, these seeds can grow fast.Grown_in_rich_soil， these seeds can grow fast.5Although he was left alone at home, John didnt feel afraid at all.Although_left_alone_at_home， John didnt feel afraid at all.语法主题应用用本单元的语法点(过去分词作状语)翻译下面句子，并组成一段连贯的短文。1Eric Whitacre于1970年1月2日出生于美国，是一位著名的作曲家兼指挥家。(born)2在大学学

26、习音乐期间，他喜欢上了莫扎特的古典音乐。(studying)32009年，受到一个粉丝寄来的视频的启发，他决定创建虚拟合唱团。(inspired)42014年，人们观看了由Eric Whitacre指挥的UNICEF青少年虚拟合唱团的演出。(conducted by)_参考范文：Born in the USA on 2 January 1970, Eric Whitacre is a famous composer and conductor. When studying music in the college, he fell in love with Mozarts classical music. Inspired by a video from one of his fans, he decided to create the virtual choir in 2009. And in 2014, the Virtual Youth Choir for UNICEF was seen on stage conducted by Eric Whitacre.