湖北省2012高考英语二轮复习专题训练：阅读理解（97）.doc

1、湖北省2012高考英语二轮复习专题训练：阅读理解（97）阅读下列短文，从每篇短文后所给各题的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。AIf you and your friends wish to share a secret, you can write it in code, and no one else will be able to read it. Codes are one way of writing in secret. Ciphers (暗码) are another. In a code, each word is written as a secret word o

2、r number. In a cipher each letter is changed.Codes and ciphers have played an important role in the history of the world. Julius Caesar, the Roman ruler who defeated almost all the countries in Europe about 2,000 years ago, used a cipher when he sent secret messages to his troops. During the America

3、n Revolution, George Washingtons spies used a kind of code to send him information about the enemy before his military (军事的) action. In World War II, the Americans “broke”, or “figured out”, Japans most important navy codes and got enough information to destroy a powerful Japanese fleet.Storekeepers

4、 use codes to mark their goods. The codes show how much was paid for the goods or when they were added to the stock (商品). Businessmen use codes to hide plans from their business enemies. Sometimes personal letters or diaries are written in code. Many people enjoy figuring out codes and ciphers simpl

5、y as a hobby.In the 16th century, codes and ciphers were very popular among scientists. They wrote messages to each other in this way, so that no one else would learn their secrets. Geronimo Gardano, an Italian astrologer (星相家), mathematician, and doctor, invented the trellis cipher. He took two she

6、ets of paper and cut exactly the same holes in each one. Then he sent one sheet, which he called “a trellis”, to a friend and kept the other for himself. Whenever he wanted to write a message, he put his trellis over a clean sheet of paper and wrote the secret message through the holes. Then he remo

7、ved the trellis and filled the rest of the paper with words that would make sense. When his friend received it, he put his trellis over the writing and read the secret message.1. The best title of this passage is .A. Codes and CiphersB. Differences between Codes and CiphersC. History of Codes and Ci

8、phersD. Inventors of Codes and Ciphers2. Which of the following statements is NOT true?A. Ciphers can be broken or figured out more easily than codes.B. You could read some words in Geronimos letter without his trellis.C. The first person who ever used a cipher in history was Julius Caesar.D. Fondne

9、ss of using codes was the hobby of the scientists in the 16th century.3. According to Geronimo Cardano, a trellis is .A. a piece of paper with many small holesB. a secret message with a lot of small holesC. a letter with unreadable words and sentencesD. a sheet of paper with groups of Arabic figures

10、4. It is NOT mentioned in the passage that codes and ciphers are used for the purpose of .A. military affairsB. commercial secretsC. scientific achievementsD. personal enjoyment BWhen a rather dirty, poorly dressed person kneels at your feet and puts out his hands to beg for a few coins, do you hurr

11、y on, not knowing what to do, or do you feel sad and hurriedly hand over some money? What should our attitude to beggars be? There can be no question that the world is full of terribly sad stories. It must be terrible to have no idea where our next meal is going to come from, so it seems cruel not t

12、o give some money to beggars.Certainly, most of the worlds great religions order us to be open-hearted and share what we have with those less fortunate than ourselves. But has the world changed? Maybe what was morally right in the old days, when one knew exactly who in the village had suffered misfo

13、rtune and needed help, is no longer practiced by all the people. Quite a few people will not give to beggars. Let us look at their arguments.Firstly, some believe that many city beggars dress up on purpose to look pitiable and actually make a good living from begging. Giving to beggars only encourag

14、es this sort of evil (恶行). Secondly, there is the worry that the money you give will be spent on beer, wine or drugs.Thirdly, there is the opinion that there is no real excuse for begging. One might be poor, but that is not the reason for losing ones sense of pride and self-dependence.Related to thi

15、s is the opinion that the problem should be dealt with by the government rather than by ordinary people. Some people think beggars should go to the local government department and receive help. It is hard to come to any final conclusion; there are various cases and we must deal with them differently

16、. A few coins can save a life in some situations, and even if the money is wasted, that does not take away the moral goodness of the giver.5. What is mainly discussed in the passage?A. Moral deeds of most people.B. Religious activities in the society.C. Moral goodness of the giver.D. Arguments on gi

17、ving to beggars.6. What can we infer from the sentence “But has the world changed?” in the second paragraph?A. People no longer know who suffers misfortune in the village.B. There some people not willing to do what was morally right before.C. We dont meet with those who need others help any more.D.

18、Now it is the government that has the duty to help the beggars.7. Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage?A. Some people dress up to pretend to be beggars.B. Some beggars want money for their schooling.C. Some beggars use the money to buy drugs.D. Some beggars have no excuse for beggi

19、ng.8. In the last paragraph, the writer thinks it hard to reach any final conclusion, because . A. the cases can be so differentB. there are so many beggarsC. there is so much money wastedD. there are so many different argumentsCAre morning people born or made? In my case it was definitely made. In

20、my early 20s, I rarely went to bed before midnight, and I would almost always get up late the next morning.But after a while I couldnt ignore the high relationship between success and rising early. On those rare occasions where I did get up early, I noticed that my productivity was almost always hig

21、her. So I set out to become a habitual early riser. But whenever my alarm went off, my first thought was always to stop that noise and go back to sleep. Eventually some sleep research showed me that I was using the wrong strategy.The most common wrong strategy is this: You assume that if youre going

22、 to get up earlier, youd better go to bed earlier. It sounds very reasonable, but will usually fail.There are two main schools(流派) of thought on sleep patterns. The first is that you should go to bed and get up at the same time every day. The second school says you should go to bed when youre tired

23、and get up when you naturally wake up. However, I have found both of them are wrong if you care about productivity. If you sleep at set hours, youll sometimes go to bed when you arent sleepy enough. Youre wasting time lying in bed awake and not being asleep.If your sleep is based on what your body t

24、ells you, youll probably be sleeping more than you need. Also, your mornings may be less predictable if youre getting up at different times.The solution for me has been to combine both methods. I go to bed when Im sleepy and get up with an alarm clock at a fixed time. So I always get up at the same

25、time (in my case 5 am), but I go to bed at different times every night sometimes at 9:30pm, and other times at midnight. Most of the time I go to bed between 10-11 pm.However, going to bed only when Im sleepy, and getting up at a fixed time every morning is my way. If you want to become an early ris

26、er, you can try your own.9. According to the passage, the underlined phrase refers to _.A. people who stay up until the next morningB. people who feel sleepy in the morningC. people who get up early in the morningD. people whose productivity is the highest in the morning10. Why did the author want t

27、o become a habitual early riser?A. Because he / she wanted to form the habit of going to bed early and getting up early.B. Because he / she wanted to see which of the two main schools of thought on sleep patterns was right.C. Because he / she had found that his / her productivity was higher when he

28、/ she got up early.D. Because he / she was told the high relationship between success and rising early.11. The author experienced all the following EXCEPT _.A. asking scholars for advice on sleeping habitsB. getting up early occasionallyC. pressing off the alarm to go on sleepingD. going to bed afte

29、r midnight12. The passage is mainly about _.A. how to have good sleepB. how to become an early riserC. wrong strategies for getting up earlyD. main schools of thought on sleep patterns DDo you want to live forever? By the year 2050, you might actually get your wish if you are willing to leave your b

30、iological body and live in silicon circuits (半导体电路). But long before then, perhaps as early as 2010, some measures will begin offering a semblance of immortality (虚拟的永生).Researchers are confident that technology will soon be able to track every waking moment of your life. Whatever you see and hear,

31、all that you say and write, can be recorded, analyzed and added to your personal chronicles (履历). By the 2030, it may be possible to catch your nervous (神经) systems through electrical activities, which would also keep your thoughts and emotions. Researchers at the laboratories of British Telecommuni

32、cations have given the name of this idea as Soul Catcher.Small electronic equipment will make preparation for Soul Catcher. It would use a wearable supercomputer, perhaps in a wristwatch, with wireless links to micro sensors under your scalp (头皮) and in the nerves that carry all five sensory signals

33、. So wearing a video camera would no longer be required.At first, the Soul Catchers companion system the Soul Reader might have trouble copying your thoughts in complete details. Even in 2030, we may still be struggling to understand how the brain is working inside, so reading your thoughts and unde

34、rstanding your emotions might not be possible. But these signals could be kept for the day when they can be transferred to silicon circuits to revitalize minds everlasting entities (永生实体). Researchers can only wonder what it will be like to wake up one day and find yourself alive inside a machine.Fo

35、r people who choose not to live in silicon, semblance of immortality would not be as useless as they thought. People would know their lives would not be forgotten, but would be kept a record of the human race forever. And future generations would have a much fuller understanding of the past. History

36、 would not be controlled by just the rich and powerful, Hollywood stars, and a few thinkers in the upper society.13The main idea of this passage is that .A. human beings long for living foreverB. there are many difficulties in making the Soul CatcherC. people can live forever as technology developsD

37、. the invention of Soul Catcher has great importance14According to this passage, a Soul Catcher will be .A. a new machine on which research measures have already been madeB. a new invention in order to catch and keep humans thoughtsC. made by British scientists to offer something that looks like liv

38、ing foreverD. made of silicon circuits which can catch peoples nervous activity15We can infer from the passage that semblance of immortality is .A. to be a reality sooner or laterB. far from certainC. just an idea that couldnt t be realized at allD. a fading hope16The meaning of the underlined word

39、“revitalize” in the fourth paragraph is close to .A. make deadB. make famousC. make knownD. make activeETwenty years ago, most experts believed that differences in how boys and girls behaved were mainly due to differences in how they were treated by their parents, teachers, and friends. Its hard to

40、cling to that belief today. Recent research has shown that there are biological differences between boys and girls. Understanding these differences is important in raising and educating children. For example, girls are born with more sensitive hearing than boys, and the difference increases as kids

41、grow up. So when a grown man speaks to a girl in what he thinks is a normal voice, she may hear it as yelling. Conversely (反过来), boys who appear to be inattentive in class may just be sitting too far away too hear the teacher. Likewise, girls are better in their expression of feelings. Studies revea

42、l that negative emotions are seated in an area of the brain called the amygdala. Girls develop all early connection between this area and the cerebral cortex (大脑皮层), enabling them to talk about their feelings. In boys these links develop later. So if you ask a troubled adolescent boy to tell you wha

43、t his feelings are, he often cannot say much. Dr. Sax, an advocate of single-sex education, points out that keeping boys and girls separate in the classroom has yielded striking educational, social, and interpersonal benefits. Therefore, parents and teachers should try to recognize, understand, and

44、make use of the biological differences that make a girl a girl, and a boy a boy. 17What is the main idea of the passage? A. Boys tend to pay less attention in class than girls. B. Girls are better than boys in their ability to detect sounds. C. Boys and girls behave differently because of biological

45、 differences. D. Single-sex schools are not good because they keep boys and girls separate.18Why do girls express negative feelings better than boys? A. Girls are more emotional than boys. B. Girls have more brain cells than boys. C. The amygdala is located in different areas of the brain for boys a

46、nd girls. D. The links between certain parts of the brain develop earlier in girls than in boys. 19Which of the following does the author believe? A. Girls need more training in communication. B. Boys and girls should be educated in different ways. C. Parents should pay more attention to boys. D. Sex differences should be ignored in education。20What does the phase “cling to” in the first paragraph mean? A. maintain B. abandonC. evaluate D. challenge14 AAAC 58 DBBA 912 CCAB 13 16 CBAD 1720 CDBA高考资源网独家精品资源，欢迎下载！高考资源网Ks5uK&S%5#UKs5uKs%U高考资源网高考资源网高考资源网