新教材2021-2022学年人教版英语选择性必修第三册学案：UNIT 4 ADVERSITY AND COURAGE 预习 新知早知道 WORD版含解析.doc

1、.匹配词义a单词匹配()1.adversityAadj.潮湿的；湿气重的()2.vigourBadj.痛苦的；令人难受的()3.aboardCn.娱乐；消遣；游戏()4.stewardDadj.深入的；彻底的；细致的()5.miserableEn.difficulties; misfortune()6.selfish Fadv.& prep.on or into (a ship，aircraft，train，or other vehicle)()7.genuine Gn.physical strength; energy and enthusiasm()8.thorough Hadj.lack

2、ing consideration for others()9.damp In.(轮船、飞机或火车上的)乘务员；服务员()10.recreation Jadj.真正的；真诚的；可信赖的答案15EGFIB610HJDACb短语匹配()1.turn sb. downA坚持()2.make fireB每况愈下()3.give offC热衷于()4.dream ofD陷入困境()5.be enthusiastic about E成功做到()6.set off F拒绝(某人)()7.become stuck in G梦想()8.from bad to worse H出发；动身()9.make it I放

3、出(热、光、气味或气体)()10.hold on J生火答案15FJIGC610HDBEA.默写单词1bitter adj.严寒的；激烈而不愉快的；味苦的2envy vt.&n. 羡慕；妒忌3crush vt. 毁坏；压坏；压碎 n. 拥挤的人群4voyage n&vi. 航海；航行5decent adj. 相当不错的；正派的；得体的6cosy adj. 温馨的；舒适的7cruel adj. 残酷的；残忍的；冷酷的8guidance n. 指导；引导；导航9rough adj. 汹涌的；粗糙的；粗略的10candidate n. 候选人；应试者.选词填空sink；thorough；candid

4、ate；expedition；selfish；damp；genuine；guidance；motive；loyal1There seemed to be no motive for the murder.2There were a large number of candidates for the job.3She has always remained loyal to her political principles.4Activities all take place under the guidance of an experienced tutor.5If you put on d

5、amp clothes，you will probably catch cold.6He had made a thorough investigation. No wonder he knew so much about it.7She was sincere and genuine in her wish to make amends for the past.8It was selfish of him to leave all the work to you.9The ship sank to the bottom of the sea.10They have gone on an e

6、xpedition to the Antarctic.语法填空之派生词1He showed remarkable endurance(endure) throughout his illness.2You dont sound very enthusiastic(enthusiasm)about the idea.3Unfortunately(fortunately)，I wont be able to attend the meeting.4I went down on my knees and prayed for guidance(guide)5I decided that I woul

7、d sell my car，put my personal belongings(belong) in storage and rent my house.6The achievement of ones purpose depends largely upon ones perseverance(persevere)7The government is pressing for an early resolution(resolve) of the dispute.8His application(apply) for membership of the organisation was r

8、ejected.9A good advertising(advertise) campaign will increase our sales.10We made a commitment(commit) to keep working together.1An expedition to the South Pole with the great Sir Ernest Shackletonthis is the adventure that I have been dreaming of.和伟大的欧内斯特沙克尔顿爵士一起去南极探险这是我一直梦想的冒险。2But I was so enthus

9、iastic about the idea of going along with them that I secretly went aboard his ship，the Endurance，and hid in a small cupboard.但是我对和他们一起去的想法非常热切，所以我偷偷地登上了“坚忍”号，藏在一个小橱柜里。3How everyone will envy me when I come back and tell them about the amazing places I have been to!当我回来告诉他们我去过的那些神奇的地方时，每个人都会羡慕我！4We

10、have been struggling for days，but things on Elephant Island are going from bad to worse.我们已经挣扎了好几天了，但象岛上的情况每况愈下。5Soon after we arrived，Shackleton left us to find help on South Georgia Island，1，320 kilometres awaythe voyage was too dangerous and difficult for all of us to make it in our small boats.我

11、们到达后不久，沙克尔顿就离开我们去1 320公里外的南乔治亚岛寻求帮助，这次航行太危险了，很难让我们所有人都坐上小船。词语助读endurance nU忍耐力；耐久力dream of/about梦想；梦见fit adj.健壮的，健康的keep fit保持健康vigour(vigor)n.U精力；活力；力量full of vigour朝气蓬勃apply to do sth.申请做某事turn sb.down拒绝(某人)qualified adj.符合资格；具备的知识(或技能、学历等)enthusiastic adj.热情的；热心的aboard adv.& prep.上(船、飞机、公共汽车等)go

12、aboard上船/飞机/公共汽车等cupboard nC橱柜；壁橱；衣柜set off在此意为“出发，动身”，是不及物短语动词。turn back往回走assign vt.分配；分派；布置envy nU& vt.妒忌；羡慕envy sb.sth.羡慕某人某事envy of sb.对某人的妒忌become/be stuck in.陷入approach vi.& vt.(在距离或时间上)靠近，接近well and truly完全地；彻底地sink(sank/sunk，sunk)vi.沉没；下沉，下降 vt.使下沉；使沉没abandon vt.舍弃；抛弃；放弃essential adj.极其重要的，

13、必不可少的近义词vital adj.必不可少的，对极重要的be essential to/for.对是必不可少的/极其重要的Its essential that sb.(should)do sth.某人做某事是很重要的。stove nC炉具；厨房灶具blanket n毯子belongings npl.财物；动产keep up使处于高水平，使不低落keep ones spirits up保持某人高昂的情绪camp vi.宿营；露营go from bad to worse越来越糟on the shore of.在岸边miserable adj.痛苦的；令人难受的voyage nC& vi.航行；航

14、海make it获得成功navy nC海军；海军部队low adj.沮丧的，消沉的otherwise adv.否则，要不然；除此之外decent adj.相当不错的；正派的；得体的a decent meal/food/job相当不错的饭菜/食物/工作cosy adj.温馨的；舒适的a cosy room舒适的房间hold on坚持住；等一下；别挂断selfish adj.自私的反义词selfless adj.无私的badtempered adj.脾气坏的反义词goodtempered adj.脾气好的构词法badtempered是“形容词名词ed”构成的形容词，类似的单词还有：warmhear

15、ted热心的；near/farsighted近/远视的；middleaged中年的；whitehaired白发苍苍的；absentminded心不在焉的。genuine adj.真正的；真诚的；可信赖的genuine concern for others对他人真诚的关心a very genuine person非常诚实可信的人perseverance nU毅力；韧性；不屈不挠的精神persevere vi.坚持；孜孜以求resolve n决心；坚定的信念vi.& vt.决定；决心；解决(问题或困难)人物小传1欧内斯特沙克尔顿(Ernest Shackleton，18741922)，英国极地探险

16、家，曾带领英国探险队三次前往南极洲，是南极探险英雄时代的主要人物之一。2珀西布莱克博罗(Perce Blackborow，18961949)，威尔士水手。他因在“坚忍”号船上的服务表现获得了“青铜极地勋章”(Bronze Polar Medal)。原文呈现A SUCCESSFUL FAILURE1Perce Blackborow joined an expedition with Sir Ernest Shackleton to Antarctica on the ship Endurancein 1914.Shackleton was one of the most famous explo

17、rers of his day and it was considered a great honour to be part of his expeditions.Below are some of Blackborows diary entries.21这个标题使用了矛盾修辞法(Oxymoron)，这种修辞手法是将两个意义上相互矛盾或排斥的词放在一起使用，以表面上不协调的搭配造成某种特殊的表达效果。2该句为表语提前引起的倒装，主语为some of Blackborows diary entries。31 Oct，1914.Well，it so happened that one morni

18、ng I bought a newspaper and read the advertisement about the Antarctic expedition.An expedition to the South Pole with the great Sir Ernest Shackletonthis is the adventure that I have been dreaming of.And I was ready for it.At the age of 19，I am fit and full of vigour.However，when I applied to join

19、the expedition，Shackleton turned me down because he thought I was too young and wasnt qualified.But I was so enthusiastic about the idea of going along with them that I secretly went aboard his ship，the Endurance，and hid in a small cupboard.3 Unfortunately，three days after we set off I was discovere

20、d.Shackleton did not want to turn back so he offered me a job，but only after he promised me，“If anyone has to be eaten，then you will be the first！”He assigned me to be a steward，and I now serve meals for twentyeight men，three times a day.3本句包含so.that.引导的结果状语从句，the Endurance作ship的同位语，and连接两个并列的从句谓语we

21、nt和hid。How everyone will envy me when I come back and tell them about the amazing places I have been to!21 Nov，1915The journey has not been easy.Endurance became stuck in the ice as we approached Antarctica.The ice froze around us and we were well and truly stuck！We saw the ship get crushed by the i

22、ce.And when the ship sank，our hearts sank with it.Before we abandoned the ship，Shackleton calmly called us together and told us to rescue our most essential suppliesthe small boats，our food，the cook stove，candles，clothes，and blankets.This was no time to panic.We were not allowed to take most of our

23、personal belongings，and Shackleton himself threw away all his gold.But to our surprise，he allowed Hussey to keep his banjo.Hussey often plays it to keep our spirits up.We are now camped on the ice and we have been managing to survive4，but spring is coming，and the ice will soon begin to melt.4此处是现在完成

24、进行时。20 May，1916We have been struggling for days，but things on Elephant Island are going from bad to worse.We are now crowded together under one of our boats on the rocky shore of this miserable place.Soon after we arrived，Shackleton left us to find help on South Georgia Island，1，320 kilometres awayt

25、he voyage was too dangerous and difficult for all of us to make it in our small boats.If Shackleton fails，will we have any hope of rescue？No.No navy in the world ever stops at Elephant Island，and no one else knows that we are here.I feel low.Its cold and windy.The island has no plants. Sometimes we

26、are able to catch a seal or a penguin to eat.Otherwise，there is no food.I try to think of happier things：decent food，warm and dry clothes，a cosy bedroom，sunny days，and my mothers face.However，these happy memories are soon interrupted by a sudden cold rush of air.I shouted，“Shut the door！”“Hold on no

27、w，Perce.Dont you go turning into another Tom，”came the reply.5 “Weve caught another penguin，so its penguin soup tonight！”5此处的“Dont you go.”是一个祈使句，意为“你可不要”。其后的came the reply是倒装句，这种倒装句式常出现在描绘人物对话的情节中，尤其是文学作品中，其目的是为了使叙述更加连贯、生动。Bless Frank Wild，the kindest man there is after our leader，Ernest Shackleton

28、.How could I become as selfish and badtempered as Thomas OrdeLees!Without Frank and Ernest，wed all be dead by now.6Their genuine concern for others，their perseverance，and their resolveB41 fill me with hope.6该句为含蓄条件句，介词短语Without Frank and Ernest相当于条件，wed all be dead by now表示与现在事实相反的假设。Perhaps there i

29、s a chance we will return home, after all77画线部分是同位语从句，解释说明chance；在非正式文体中，引导同位语从句的连词that有时可省略。译文参考一次成功的失败珀西布莱克博罗于1914年加入欧内斯特沙克尔顿爵士的“坚忍”号南极探险之旅。沙克尔顿是他那个时代最著名的探险家之一，能够参加他的探险活动是极大的荣耀。以下是布莱克博罗的日记的部分内容。1914年10月31日是这样的，有一天早上，我碰巧买了份报纸，看到一则有关南极探险的广告。和伟大的欧内斯特沙克尔顿爵士一起去南极探险这是我一直梦想的冒险。我已经准备好了。19岁的我身体健康、充满活力。然而，沙

30、克尔顿拒绝了我加入探险队的申请，因为他认为我太年轻并且资质不够。但是我对和他们一起去的想法非常热切，所以我偷偷地登上了“坚忍”号，藏在一个小橱柜里。可惜我们出发三天后我就被发现了。沙克尔顿不想掉头回去，于是给了我一份工作，但在这之前他警告我：“要是到了不得不吃人肉的地步，你就是第一个！”他安排我做服务员，我现在给28个人提供一日三餐。当我回来告诉他们我去过的那些神奇的地方时，每个人都会羡慕我！1915年11月21日这趟旅途并不轻松。我们接近南极洲时，“坚忍”号陷入了冰中。冰把我们周围都冻住了，我们彻底被卡住了！眼看着船被冰压碎。当船下沉时，我们的心也跟着沉了。在我们弃船之前，沙克尔顿平静地把我

31、们召集在一起，告诉我们去抢救最重要的物资小船、食物、炉具、蜡烛、衣服和毯子。现在没时间恐慌。我们不允许带走大部分个人物品，沙克尔顿把自己所有的黄金都扔掉了。出乎我们意料的是，他允许赫西带上班卓琴。赫西常常演奏这把琴，使我们保持高昂的情绪。我们现在在冰上露营，想方设法存活。但是，春季将至，冰很快就会开始融化。1916年5月20日我们已经挣扎了好几天了，但象岛上的情况每况愈下。我们现在都挤在我们其中一艘船下，这艘船停在这个恶劣的地方的布满岩石的海岸上。我们到达后不久，沙克尔顿就离开我们去1 320公里外的南乔治亚岛寻求帮助，这次航行太危险了，很难让我们所有人都坐上小船。要是沙克尔顿失败，我们还有得

32、救的希望吗？没有，世上没有一支海军会在象岛停留，也没有人知道我们在这里。我心情很低落。天气寒冷多风，岛上全无植被。有时，我们能抓到海豹或企鹅来吃，否则就压根没有食物。我尽力去想更快乐的事情：相当好的食物、温暖干燥的衣服、舒适的卧室、阳光明媚的日子，还有我妈妈的脸然而，一阵冷空气袭来，这些快乐的回忆瞬间被打断了。我大喊：“关门！”传来一声回答：“要坚持住啊，珀西。你可不要变成另一个汤姆。”“我们又抓到一只企鹅，今晚喝企鹅汤！”是弗兰克怀尔德，除了我们的领袖欧内斯特沙克尔顿外，最善良温和的男人。我怎么会变得跟托马斯奥德利斯一样自私和暴躁啊！要不是弗兰克和欧内斯特，我们现在全都死了。他们对他人真诚的关心，他们的毅力和决心使我充满希望。终究，可能我们还是有机会回家的吧。