新教材2021-2022学年外研版英语必修第三册学案：UNIT 3 THE WORLD OF SCIENCE 突破 语法大冲关 WORD版含解析.doc

1、现在完成时的被动语态观察例句1I guess you have been asked about the title of your book before.2New inventions like 3D printers have been used to make replacement hearts and bone parts.3I guess someone has asked you about the title of your book before.4People have used new inventions like 3D printers to make replac

2、ement hearts and bone parts.5Something bad has happened to him.6The door has opened of itself.7The orphan has been well looked after.归纳用法一、现在完成时被动语态的构成基本构成是：has/havebeen done否定句形式：has/have notbeen done一般疑问句：Has/Have主语been done?特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词has/have主语been done?二、现在完成时被动语态的概念现在完成时被动语态强调一个发生在过去的被动性动作，它有两

3、层意思：1动作已经完成，强调对现在造成的影响或结果：2主语与谓语动词之间为被动关系。如：Our classroom has been cleaned.You neednt clean it now.我们的教室已经被打扫过，你现在没必要再打扫了。These flowers have been watered.You can go home.这些花已经被浇水了，你可以回家了。3用在时间状语从句中，表示将来某时已经完成的动作。Well start as soon as the work has been finished.这份工作一完成，我们立即动身。三、现在完成时被动语态的用法1用于不知道动作执行

4、者是谁时。His bike has been stolen.他的自行车被人偷了。(不清楚是被谁偷的)2用于动作执行者是泛指或不言自明时。Not a book in the library has been taken away.图书馆里的书没有一本被人拿走。(没人拿书，泛指)3用于可以说出动作执行者但动作承受者是谈话中心或特别需要强调时。My watch has been repaired.我的表修好了。(表修好了是谈话的主旨，是谁修好无关紧要。不必提及)4用于出于委婉、礼貌而避免提及自己或对方时。Enough has been said here on this question.关于这个问

5、题，这里已经谈得不少了。(意思是说：大家不要再说了)5用于文章标题、广告、新闻等中(常用省略助动词be的被动语态)。Road Blocked.道路已被堵塞(新闻报道，省略了助动词has been)6用于动作的执行者不是人时。 The house has been washed away by the storm.那栋房子已被暴风雨冲走了。7用于商务书信中书信起草人是以公司名义时。Your letter has been received.来信已收到。四、现在完成时被动语态的各种句型变换从现在完成时被动语态结构has/have been done可以看出has/have为助动词，因此现在完成时被

6、动语态的各种句型变换均应借助于has/have来完成。构成否定句时直接在has/have后面加not，构成一般疑问句时将has/have提前，如：Has this bridge been finished? 这座桥竣工了吗？His bad habits havent been done away with.他的坏习惯还没有改掉。The blackboard has been cleaned，hasnt it? 黑板已经擦过了，是吗？即时训练把下列句子改成被动句。1We have cleaned our classroom.Our classroom has been cleaned.2He h

7、as sold out all his bikes in the shop.All his bikes in the shop have been sold out.3He hasnt finished his homework.His homework hasnt been finished.4Grandma has taken care of the child all these years.The child has been taken care of by grandma all these years.5He has repaired the machine for two ho

8、urs.The machine has been repaired for two hours.单句语法填空1Paper money has been used (use) for over a thousand years. 2Great changes have taken (take) place in my hometown and a lot of factories have been set(set) up. 3This book has been translated(translate) into many languages up to now.4The fire has

9、got (get) to the fifth floor.I wonder whether all the people have been saved(save)5We want to sit at the table near the window. Im sorry，but it has been taken(take)already. 6Some of the chapters(章)have been read (read) by many students. 7Why dont you go to the bookstore to buy some books？Many new bo

10、oks have been brought (bring) there. 8This month till now，three films have been shown(show) in that small village. 9Do you know he has been given(give) a chance to work abroad recently?10My sister is working in the power plant that has been used (use) for just one year. .短文语法填空When we talk about the

11、 universe, we mean the earth, the sun, the moon, the stars and the space around them. Many of the stars cannot 1.be seen(see) because they are too far away.The moon travels round the earth. It is about 380，000 kilometres away, and it 2.has been visited(visit) by man already. So far，no man 3.has trav

12、elled(travel) farther than the moon，4.but spaceships without people have reached other parts of the universe.Manmade satellites 5.have been sent(send) into space by many countries. These satellites go round the earth and help us learn more about the earth. Most countries use these satellites 6.to re

13、ceive(receive) and send messages. For example，7.with the help of the satellites, China can send its TV and radio programmes to the other side of the world. So can the foreign countries. We can also use satellites to help us make telephone calls to friends in foreign 8.countries(country)Our knowledge of the universe is growing all 9.the time.Thanks to the space satellites, the world itself is becoming a much 10.smaller(small) place and people from different countries now understand each other better.