2023届新教材高考英语全程一轮复习 第七讲 冠词、介词.docx

1、第七讲冠词、介词一、冠词12021全国甲卷It took us about 3 hours to go all _ way around the Xian City Wall.22021全国乙卷Due to _ growing popularity of environmentally-related and adventure travel, various types of trips are now being classified as ecotourism.32021新高考卷 While youre in China, Mount Huangshan is _ must to vis

2、it!42020浙江卷1月A child born in the US today has _ very realistic chance of living beyond 100 and needs to plan accordingly. 考点研析多维讲练 考点一 不定冠词a/an1.在发音以辅音音素开头的单词前用a，在发音以元音音素开头的单词前用an。a university，a useful animal，a European car，an hour，an honest boy，an X-ray，an ugly man，an honor等。Judging from his words，

3、he must be an honest man.从他的话判断，他一定是一位诚实的人。As is known to us，Russia is a European country.众所周知，俄罗斯是一个欧洲国家。2不定冠词a/an放在单数可数名词前，泛指一个人或一个事物。They found an apartment in America where they lived only half a year.他们在美国找到一个公寓，在那里待了仅仅半年。3表示泛指。说话人第一次提及某人或某物时通常用不定冠词。It was a cold winter night and the moon was s

4、hining brightly.那是一个寒冷冬天的夜晚，月亮在夜空中闪耀着。4表示量指。不定冠词表示“一”这个数量，但数的概念没有one 强烈。As the old saying goes，“Rome was not built in a day.”常言道，“冰冻三尺，非一日之寒”。5不定冠词a(n)表示“某一个”，相当于some/a certain。A Mr. Brown came to see you just now.刚才有一位布朗先生来找你了。6“a(n)序数词”表示“又一，再一”；“a most形容词”表示“非常，很”。I really enjoyed my stay in Xian

5、.Its indeed worth a second visit.我真的喜欢待在西安，它的确值得再次参观。He put forward a most useful suggestion at the meeting.在会议上他提出一个非常实用的建议。7在抽象名词success，failure，surprise，pleasure，beauty，wonder，comfort，danger，shock等前表示“一个的人或一件的事”。The operation is a success and the patient is now out of danger.手术很成功，病人目前脱离了危险。8不定冠词

6、常用在一些固定搭配中all of a sudden突然as a matter of fact 事实上in a hurry 匆忙地pay a visit to 参观；拜访as a result/consequence 因此have a gift/talent for 在某方面有天赋have/catch a cold 感冒make a living 谋生have/take a rest 休息in a way 从某种意义上说give sb. a lift 让某人搭便车do sb. a favor 帮某人一个忙keep an eye on 留心lend sb. a hand 帮某人一个忙考点二 定冠词

7、the1.特指某人或某事。The village where I was born has taken on a new look in the past ten years.我出生的那个小村庄在过去十年已经呈现新的面貌。2用于序数词和形容词/副词最高级以及形容词only, very, same等之前。As is known to all, China is the biggest developing country in the world.众所周知，中国是世界上最大的发展中国家。Yang Liwei is the first man who has been into space in

8、China.在中国杨利伟是第一个登上太空的人。3某些形容词、分词前表示一类人或用在姓氏复数前表示一家人，要想到用定冠词。As far as I know, the Greens are going to move to Beijing.据我所知，格林一家要搬到北京去。4在世界上独一无二的事物、西洋乐器以及发明物的名词前要想到用定冠词。The little girl likes to play the violin and often plays it after school.这个小女孩喜欢拉小提琴，经常放学后演奏。5用在表示计量的名词前，如by the hour，by the day，by

9、the week，by the dozen，by the yard等，但是如表示单位的名词为不可数名词，之前不用冠词，如by weight/height等。As far as I know, he will get paid by the week.据我所知，他会按周付薪。6用于the more.the more.(越越)结构中。The more careful you are, the fewer mistakes you will make.你越小心，就会越少犯错误。7定冠词用于固定短语中at the moment 此刻；目前at the same time 同时on the contra

10、ry 相反on the whole 总的来说to tell the truth 说实话in the distance 在远处on the other hand 另一方面make the most of 充分利用by the way 顺便说一下go to the cinema/theater 去看电影/戏剧in the middle of 在中间You should make the best of such a good chance to practise your spoken English.你应该充分利用这个好机会练习你的英语口语。考点三 零冠词1.在不可数名词或可数名词复数前表示泛指

11、不用冠词。Keeping a diary is a good habit, by which youll make great progress.记日记是一个可以让你取得进步的好习惯。2用于与by连用的表示交通工具、通讯工具的名词前。Are you going there by plane or by ship?你是乘飞机还是乘船去那里？3用于系动词turn后的单数名词作表语时。After years of hard work, Tom turned engineer while Mary good manager.多年的努力之后，汤姆成了工程师而玛丽成了一个好经理。即学即练(单句语法填空)1

12、2022江西省红色七校第二次联考The data is expected to give _ full picture of the population. It provides support for making national development policies.22022湖南长郡中学第五次适应性考试 In old age, Mrs. Johnson became _ most celebrated of the small excellent group of black women who at midcentury served as mathematicians for

13、 the space agency.32022沈阳市质量监测 After more than 600 years of development，_ handcraft of Beijing glassware has been passed down to the seventh generation.考点四 固定搭配中的冠词1.不定冠词用于固定搭配中at a loss 不知所措；困惑have a word with 与谈话all of a sudden 突然in a hurry 匆忙地as a rule 通常be on a visit 参观；拜访as a matter of fact 事实上

14、as a result 因此be on a diet 节食have a gift for 在某方面有天赋have/catch a cold 感冒make a living 谋生have/take a rest 休息in a way 从某种意义上说give sb. a lift 让某人搭便车2定冠词用于固定短语中at the moment 此刻；目前at the same time 同时not in the least 一点儿也不on the contrary 相反in the end 最后；最终on the whole 总的来说to tell the truth 说实话in the dista

15、nce 在远处on the other hand 另一方面to the point 中肯；切题make the most of 充分利用；最大限度地从某物获益by the way 顺便说一下go to the cinema/theater 去看电影/戏剧in the middle of 在中间3零冠词用于固定短语中on purpose 故意地by chance 碰巧catch/on fire 着火at dawn/dusk 在黎明/黄昏face to face 面对面地in debt 负债in fact 实际上make room for 给让出空间out of date 过时的heart and

16、 soul 全心全意地in danger 在危险中in return 作为回报side by side 肩并肩地from time to time 不时地hand in hand 手拉手day after day 天天地；日复一日地day by day 一天天；渐渐地out of place 不合适on foot 步行in place 在正确位置4冠词有无，意义不同in charge of“负责”/in the charge of.“由负责”；in prison“在坐牢”/in the prison“在监狱里”；at table“在吃饭”/at the table“在桌旁”；out of qu

17、estion“毫无疑问；没问题”/out of the question“不可能”；by day“在白天”/by the day“按天计算”。即学即练(单句语法填空)12022攀枝花市第二次统考 In a sometimes callous (冷漠的) world where people can be so focused on what theyre doing, a random act of kindness can make _ difference.22020浙江高考7月卷This style of farming lasted for quite a long time. The

18、n, with _ rise of science, changes began. 32022山西八校高三第一次联考The NYPD hopes in _ long term the information can be used to tailor manpower to each police station in the city.二、介词12021浙江卷1月The study found that between 1985 and 2017, average rural BMI increased _2.1 in women and men.22021全国甲卷 It was built

19、 originally to protect the city _ the Tang dynasty and has now been completely restored (修复).32020全国卷The artist was finally humbled (谦卑) by the greatest artist _ earth, Mother Nature.42020北京卷Over time, the bags fall apart_countless tiny pieces, and fish can accidentally eat some of them. 考点研析多维讲练 考点

20、一 常考介词的用法1.表示时间的介词介词用法at表示时间的点、时刻等。at 6 oclock在6点钟； at daybreak在黎明on表示具体的日子或一个特定的时间或具体的某一天的上午、下午或晚上(常有前置定语或后置定语修饰)。on Monday afternoon在周一下午； on a rainy morning在一个雨天的上午in表示在某段较长的时间内。in the 20th century在 20世纪； in winter在冬季； in September在9月； in the morning在上午since时间点自从以来for时间段长达during在期间until/till直到by到

21、为止；不迟于；表示增减的量in/after时间段在之后。“in时间段”常与将来时连用；“after时间段”常与过去时连用before在之前over在期间；直到结束In Britain，its not unusual to have a business meeting over breakfast.在英国，早餐时间开商务会议并不稀奇。名师指津(1)当时间名词前有this, that, last, next, every, each等词修饰时，通常不用任何介词。(2)“on/upon名词或动名词”结构可以表示“一就”。2表示方位的介词介词用法at后常接相对较小的地方in后常接相对较大的地方或在某

22、一个大的范围之内on表示“在上”。(反义词beneath)across表示“从的表面穿过；在对面”through表示“从的内部穿过”over表示“从的上面跨过”。(反义词under)above指离开物体表面而在其上方，但并不一定是垂直向上。还可指数目、数量、水平、年龄等“超过，多于，大于”。(反义词below)The dog jumped over some bushes and saw the little stream.狗跳过几丛灌木看到了小溪。The sunlight came in through the windows in the roof and lit up the whole

23、 room.阳光透过天窗，照亮了整个房间。3表示方式的介词表示使用的工具、手段、材料时，with, by, in, on都意为“用”。with多指用具体的工具、身体的某部位或器官；by侧重指使用某种方法、手段或乘坐某种交通工具；in指使用某种语言、笔墨等；on 多用于固定词组中。by train乘火车； on the radio通过收音机； on TV通过电视； with a pencil用铅笔4表示“除之外”的介词(短语)介词(短语)用法besides意为“除之外(还有)”，相当于in addition toexcept意为“除之外(别无)”，可接名词、代词、介词短语和从句but意为“除之外

24、”( except)apart from既可相当于besides或in addition to，也可相当于except forother than意为“除之外(别无)”Apart from good service，the restaurant offers different kinds of traditional Fujian dishes.除了优质的服务外，这个饭店还提供各种各样的传统福建菜。名师指津(1)but常用于nobody, none, no one, nothing, anything, everyone, all 之后。接不定式时，如果前有实义动词do，则不定式中的to省略

25、。(2)besides还可作副词，意为“另外，而且”，在句中常作插入语。5表示原因的介词(短语)for，because of，due to，thanks to，owing to，on account of, as a result ofThe open-air celebration has been put off because of the bad weather.因为天气不好，这次户外庆祝会被推迟了。Owing to the bad weather, the flight was delayed for a couple of hours.由于天气恶劣，航班延误了好几个小时。名师指津上

26、述表示原因的短语都可作状语，due to还可作表语。thanks to 表示“多亏，幸亏”，多位于句首。6其他常考的介词介词用法against违背，反对；倚靠；以为背景，衬托beyond(范围、限度)超出，为所不能及by程度或增减的幅度；按计despite尽管for(表示目的)为了；(表示对象或用途)给；因为；从来看；赞成，支持with和在一起；和，跟；具有，带有；(表示伴随)随着within(范围、程度)在内without没有off(表示位置)在的外面；(表示方向)偏离；从离开She drove so fast at the turn that the car almost went off

27、 the road.她在转弯处开得如此快，以至于车差点偏离公路。Any driver found drinking beyond the limit will be charged.任何司机如被发现饮酒超限都会被指控。即学即练(单句语法填空)12022山东省日照市联考Every time we lose a species, we lose an opportunity _ humankind.22022新乡市三模Some species live _ cold, humid caves in the Pyrenees, the Alps and the Balkan Peninsula, f

28、orming a narrow band across Europe.32020浙江卷1月This aging of the population is driven _ two factors.42022合肥市第三次质量检测The celebration includes congratulations _ students，recommending outstanding teachers，the exchange of ideas among teachers，and so on.考点二 介词短语1at名词at a loss 不知所措at dinner 在吃晚餐at peace 处于和平

29、状态at dawn 在黎明at war 在战争中at work 在工作2其他高频介词短语against time 争分夺秒at the sight of 一看到at the age of 在岁时in the face of 面对；面临in addition (to) 另外；除了in case of 万一in charge of 负责；主管in favour of 赞成；支持in need of 需要in no time 立刻in a hurry 匆忙in preparation for 为作准备in return for 作为回报of help/use 有帮助的/有用的of importanc

30、e 重要的on behalf of 代表3by名词by accident 偶然地by chance 偶然地by force 用暴力by hand 手工地by mistake 错误地by the month 按月算4beyond名词beyond comparison 无与伦比beyond control 失控beyond description 难以描述beyond doubt 毋庸置疑beyond expression 难以表达beyond (ones) reach 够不到5in名词in bed 在床上；卧床in danger 处于危险中in debt 负债in difficulty 处于困难

31、中in high spirits 情绪高昂in need 处于困难中in order 整齐；井然有序in surprise 吃惊地in trouble 在困难中in use 使用中6on名词on a trip 在旅行on business 出差on display/show 在展出on duty 在值班on holiday/vacation 在度假on sale 在出售on strike 在罢工on the way 在途中7out of名词out of balance 失去平衡out of control 失去控制out of danger 脱离危险out of date 过期out of o

32、rder 出故障out of work 失业8under名词under consideration 在考虑中under construction 在建造中under control 在控制之下under discussion 在讨论中under pressure 在压力下under repair 在修理中under treatment 在治疗中即学即练(单句语法填空)12022银川一中、昆明一中联猜题 Two experts from Sothebys confirmed the bowl was from the 1400s when they were able to look at it

33、 _ person.22022厦门市第二次质量检查 In Singapore theres no better place to find Chinese medicines than in Chinatown a colorful and lively place, rich _ Chinese culture and history.3浙江6月But can uniforms help improve school standards? The answer _ this question is not clear.42022陕西省模拟Morgan says that it is time

34、 that people stopped standing by and recording on their phones when they see someone _ trouble.考点三 动词短语1.常考动词的固定结构和搭配(1)用于“动词sb./sth.ofsth.”结构的常见动词有：accuse控告cheat欺骗cure 治愈 inform 通知remind 使想起 rob 抢劫warn 警告 rid 使摆脱suspect 怀疑 persuade 说服convince 使信服You need to convince them of your enthusiasm for the

35、job.你要使他们相信你对这份工作的热情。(2)用于“动词sb./sth.forsth.”结构的常见动词有：blame 责备 criticize 批评forgive 原谅 excuse 原谅pardon 原谅 punish 惩罚scold 责备 thank 感谢praise 赞扬 respect 尊重admire 钦佩；赞赏The school is widely admired for its excellent teaching.这所学校教学优秀，广受赞誉。(3) 用于“动词sb./sth.from(doing) sth.”结构的常见动词有：prevent 阻止 stop 阻止keep 阻

36、止 protect 保护preserve 保护；保存 defend 保卫ban 禁止 prohibit 阻止；禁止shelter 保护You need warm clothes to protect yourself from the cold.你需要穿暖些，以免着凉。2常考的动词短语remind sb. of sth. 提醒某人某事result from 由造成，因而产生call at 访问(某地)add to 增加call for 要求；需要care about 关心end up with 以结束fix ones eyes on 注视give in 屈服；上交get rid of 免除；摆

37、脱look down on/upon 轻视；看不起make use of 利用run out of 用完take pride in 因而自豪live up to 不辜负come up with 提出take on 呈现put forward 提出put up with 忍受make fun of 取笑adapt to 适应refer to 涉及；查阅；指的是come across (偶然)遇见pick up 捡起；用车接(某人)；接收即学即练(单句语法填空)12022蚌埠市第四次质量检查 According to satellite monitoring results, the increa

38、se of vegetation in China accounted _25 percent of the worlds total new greenery.22022大连市二模 The opening of FAST not only offers more observation possibilities to the worlds scientific community but also contributes Chinese wisdom _ building a community of shared future for humanity.32020新高考卷 Museums

39、 must compete _ peoples spare time and money with other amusements.小试牛刀.语法填空2022广东六校联盟高三第二次联考Tencents WeChat introduced new emojis to its 1._ (exist) emoji set on Wednesday. 2._ new emojis include a face with rolling eyes，a “let me see” face，3._ that is sighing，a cracked smiling face and so on.The “

40、let me see” emoji，4._ features a face with a peeking eye，has become a hot topic among net users 5._ it resembles Prince Yongqi in the hit TV drama Princess Huanzhu.The top five most popular emojis used by WeChat users in 2019 6._ (be) “facepalm，grin，chuckle，thumb-up and rose”，according to a report r

41、eleased by Tencents WeChat in January.For users born in the 2000s，their favorite WeChat emoji would probably be the widely used “facepalm”Most post-90s WeChat users are late 7._ (rise) compared with other groups，and the emoji “face with tears of joy” rules their online social life.For users born in

42、the 1980s，their reading taste 8._ (change) little over the last three years，as they still stick to news on national affairs.And a “toothy grin” is their emoji of the year.WeChat users born in the 1970s are an 9._ (optimism) group，who like to use the “smiling face with a hand 10._ a mouth” emoji and

43、are keen on browsing WeChat Moments.写作运用补全下面写作， 注意本部分语法的运用。Dear Eric，1_ (最近一切可好？) Knowing you are so fond of Chinese calligraphy, I would like to send you a book about this abstract and high-level form of art in an English edition, 2._ (这对你来说很容易理解它).The book is entitled Appreciation of Chinese Calli

44、graphy, 3. _ (包括一系列引人入胜的杰作). It not only presents a variety of calligraphy styles, but also provides beautiful illustrations, expert analyses and useful comments, since ones handwriting is often viewed as a reflection of his or her personality. I am sure 4._ (你将对这种艺术形式有很好的了解) after reading it and ar

45、e more willing to give it a try. Could you please leave me your address so that I can mail it to you soon? 5._ (我希望你会喜欢这本书并觉得它有帮助). Looking forward to your reply.Yours，Li Hua第七讲冠词、介词一、冠词高考感悟1答案与解析：the考查冠词。句意：我们绕着西安城墙走了大约3个小时。结合句意表示“一直；完全地”可知短语为all the way。故用定冠词the。2答案与解析：the考查冠词。名词popularity后有定语，故其前

46、应用定冠词the表特指，the growing popularity of.“的日益流行”。3答案与解析：a考查冠词。此处must表示“必须做的事”，为可数名词，通常用单数。a must表示“必须做的一件事”。4答案与解析：a考查冠词。根据下文的chance 可知， 这里语意表示“非常实际的一个机会”，应用不定冠词表示泛指。故填a。考点研析多维讲练考点三1答案与解析：a句意：预计这些数据将充分描述人口现状。结合句意表示“充分描述”可知短语为give a full picture of。full首字母的发音为辅音音素。所以用a。2答案与解析：the句意：在晚年，约翰逊夫人是本世纪中叶为数不多的优

47、秀黑人女性中最著名的一位，她们在太空总署担任数学家。设空处后为最高级，故设空处应用定冠词the。3答案与解析：the句意：经过600多年的发展，北京玻璃器皿的工艺已经传承到了第七代。此处特指“北京玻璃器皿的工艺”，所以用定冠词the表示特指。考点四1答案与解析：amake a difference“有作用；有影响”是固定短语。2答案与解析：the句意：这种耕种方式持续了很久。然后随着科学的崛起，一切发生了变化。with the rise of “随着的崛起”是固定短语。故填the。3答案与解析：the考查冠词。in the long term是固定搭配，意为“从长远来看”。故填the。二、介词

48、高考感悟1答案与解析：by考查介词。句意：研究发现，1985年至2017年间，农村女性和男性的平均BMI增加了2.1。increase by表示“增加了”；increase to表示“增加到”。根据正常的成人BMI数值(18.523.9)可知，increase by符合语境。故填by。2答案与解析：in考查介词。表示“在朝代”应用介词in。3答案与解析：on考查介词。句意：这位艺术家最终被世界上最伟大的艺术家大自然母亲所折服。结合句意表示“在世界上”短语为on earth。故填on。4答案与解析：into/to考查介词。句意：随着时间的推移，这些袋子分解成成无数的小碎片，鱼可能会不小心吃掉其中

49、一些。固定搭配fall apart into/to.(分崩离析成)，介词into/to可表“进入之中/变成”。故填into/to。考点研析多维讲练考点一1答案与解析：for考查介词。句意：每当我们失去一个物种，我们就会失去人类的一个机会。“an opportunity for sb.”是固定短语，意为某人的一个机会。故填for。2答案与解析：in分析句子结构可知，空前是谓语动词live(居住，生活)，空后是形容词所修饰的名词caves。所以该空需要介词in。3答案与解析：by空格处位于被动语态的谓语后，用来表示动作的发出者。故填by。4答案与解析：from句意：庆祝活动包括学生的祝贺、推荐优秀

50、的老师、老师之间的思想交流等等。from表示“来自”。考点二1答案与解析：in句意：两位苏士比拍卖行专家表示，当亲眼看到这只瓷碗时确信，这件文物可追溯到14世纪。固定搭配in person“亲自”，符合句意。故填in。2答案与解析：in句意：在新加坡，没有比唐人街更好地找到中药的地方了，那是一个丰富多彩而充满生机的地方，有着丰富的中国文化和历史。(be) rich in“在方面丰富”为固定用法。3答案与解析：tothe answer to the question为固定用法，表示“问题的答案”。故填to。4答案与解析：in句意：摩根说，当人们看到有人陷入困境时，是时候停止站在一旁用手机录像了。

51、in trouble为固定短语，意为“陷入困境，陷入麻烦”。考点三1答案与解析：for句意：根据卫星监测结果，中国植被的增加量占世界新绿化总量的25%。account for“占比例”。2答案与解析：to句意：FAST的开通不仅为世界科学界提供了更多的观测机会，也为构建人类命运共同体贡献了中国智慧。结合句意表示“贡献”短语为contribute. to.。3答案与解析：for根据语境可知，此处表达的是“为了人们的空闲时间和金钱与其他的娱乐活动进行竞争”，compete for“为竞争”，故应用介词for。小试牛刀.语法填空【语篇解读】本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了微信新增的表情符号、2019年最

52、受欢迎的五个微信表情符号及不同年龄人群爱用的微信表情符号。1答案与解析：existing考查词性转换。分析句子结构可知，此空作定语，修饰名词词组emoji set，表示“它现有的一套表情符号”，故用形容词existing “现有的”。2答案与解析：The考查冠词。根据语境可知，此处特指上文中出现的new emojis，因此用定冠词The。3答案与解析：one考查代词。分析句子结构并根据该句中的“a face”“a.face”和语境可知，此处表示“一张正在叹气的脸”。故用不定代词one指代a face。4答案与解析：which考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，此处为关系代词，指代空前的The “l

53、et me see”emoji，表示物，引导非限制性定语从句。故用which。5答案与解析：because/as考查连词。根据语境可知，空处前后是因果关系，前果后因，表示这个表情符号之所以在网民中成为一个热门话题，是因为它与风靡一时的电视剧还珠格格中五阿哥的表情相似。故填because/as，表示“因为”。6答案与解析：were考查时态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知，此句主语为The top five most popular emojis，为复数形式，谓语动词应用复数形式；又时间状语为in 2019，此处应该使用一般过去时。7答案与解析：risers考查名词的数。此处表示大多数90后微信用户是

54、晚起床的人，又句子主语为Most post-90s WeChat users，表复数概念，故此处应该为名词的复数形式risers，表示“起床的人”。8答案与解析：has changed考查时态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知，空处作主句的谓语，句中的时间状语为over the last three years，此处应该用现在完成时，且主语为their reading taste，谓语应用单数形式。故填has changed。9答案与解析：optimistic考查词性转换。分析句子结构可知，此处应为形容词，修饰名词group。10答案与解析：over考查介词。根据语境可知，此处表示“用手捂住嘴的笑脸”表情符号。故填over“(部分或全部覆盖)在上面”。.写作运用1答案：How is everything going?2答案：which is easy for you to understand it3答案：including a fascinating collection of masterpieces4答案：you will have a good knowledge of this form of art5答案：I hope you will like the book and find it helpful