新教材2021-2022学年高中外研版英语选择性必修第四册学案：UNIT 6 SPACE AND BEYOND 教学 知识细解码 WORD版含解析.doc

1、1suspend v暂停，中止suspension n暂停；停职2submit v提交submission n提交；呈递3shadow n坏影响，阴影shadowy adj.阴暗的，朦胧的4kindle v激起，唤起rekindle v重新激起，重新唤起5notion n概念；观点；看法notional adj.理论上的notionally adv.想象地6tragedy n不幸；悲剧tragic adj.悲惨的；悲剧的tragically adv.悲惨地，不幸地7except prep.除之外exception n例外exceptional adj.异常的unexceptional adj.

2、平常的1shadow n影子；阴暗处；少许；坏影响，阴影A shadow of a smile touched his mouth.少许There seemed a person standing in the shadows.阴暗处The new leader wants to escape from the shadow of his predecessor.坏影响The pupils on the playground are having fun，chasing each others shadows.影子2crew n(飞机上的)全体机组人员；(赛船的)划船队(员)；赛艇运动They

3、 are members of the Cambridge crew.划船队Im thinking of going out for crew this term.赛艇运动The mission for the crew of the space shuttle Endeavour is essentially over.全体机组人员Words and Phrases知识要点1(教材原句P62) Ever since Neil Armstrong first set foot on the Moon back on 20 July 1969，people have become accusto

4、med to the notion of space travel.自1969年7月20日尼尔阿姆斯特朗第一次踏上月球以来，人们已经习惯了太空旅行这个概念。(1)set foot on踏上； 登上例No man has ever set foot on that rocky island；its impossible to land there.没人涉足过那个岩岛；在那儿上岸是不可能的。知识拓展(1)set foot on/in进入，访问，参观(某地)(2)foot构成的其他搭配：stand on ones own feet自立，独立struggle to ones feet挣扎着站起来ris

5、e to ones feet/get to ones feet起立under ones feet阻碍，妨碍(工作等)，碍手碍脚think on ones feet思维敏捷，反应迅速be rushed off ones feet忙得不可开交即学即练用foot构成的搭配完成句子Billions of foreigners longing for wealth set foot on/in(进入) the coastal area to trade.This is a very demanding job and you need to think on your feet(思维敏捷)Though

6、he was badly injured，he struggled to his feet(挣扎着站起来) and continued to fight against the enemy.When the meeting was at an end，they all rose/got to their feet(起立) and left.Inspired greatly by what he had heard at the lecture，he made up his mind to stand on his own feet(自立)Youd better ask for help at

7、the beginning rather than wait until a busy period when everyone is rushed off their feet(忙得不可开交)(2)accustomed adj.习惯的；通常的；惯常的例He is accustomed to getting up early，which is beneficial to his health.他习惯于早起，这对他的健康有益。知识拓展(1)be accustomed/used to(doing)sth.习惯于(做)某事(表示状态)get/become accustomed/used to(doi

8、ng)sth.习惯于(做)某事(表示动作)(2)accustom vt.使习惯于accustom oneself/sb.to sth.使自己/某人习惯于(做)某事即学即练单句语法填空My grandpa is accustomed to living (live) alone，so he is unwilling to stay with us.Have you accustomed to the life in Guangzhou? Peter has got quite used to working(work) in the top company.At first，Anna was n

9、ot used to being criticized(criticize) and would find excuses for her mistakes.小片段填空Accustomed to getting up late in the morning，the man spend a lot of time accustoming himself to the schools rules and regulations.(accustom)知识要点2involve vt.包括；涉及；使参加(教材原句P62)When the Challenger space shuttle took off

10、 on 28 January 1986，the world seemed to have lost its wonder at the amazing achievements of the astronauts involved.当“挑战者”号航天飞机于1986年1月28日起飞时，全世界似乎都对参与其中的宇航员取得的惊人成就失去了好奇。例Any investment involves an element of risk.任何投资都有一定的风险。知识拓展(1)involve sb.in(doing)sth.使某人参与(做)某事； 使某人牵扯到某事中involve doing sth.包括做某

11、事；需要做某事(2)involved adj.复杂的；有牵连的；有关的get/be involved in被卷入之中；热衷于；专心于be/get involved with sb./sth.与某人混在一起/和某事有密切联系(3)involvement n.参与；加入；插手名师点津involved adj.作前置定语时，意为“复杂的”；作后置定语时，意为“涉及的”。例如：an involved sentence“一个复杂的句子”；the people involved“所涉及的人”。即学即练单句语法填空Its believed that students should involve thems

12、elves in community activities where they can gain experience for growth.As a representative，he advocated much more government involvement(involve)in health care.When he was young，he did as many things as he could，such as getting involved(involve)in sports teams and school clubs.小片段填空Mr.Brown found a

13、 job as a senior school teacher which involves spending quite a lot of time with students.Sadly，a serious accident involving a group of youths happened on him.Involved in the car accident，he had no choice but to stay and wait for the policeman.(involve)知识要点3assume vt.假设，假定；认为(教材原句P63)The world went

14、into shock，most people having assumed that this space flight would be no more dangerous than travelling in an aeroplane.全世界陷入震惊，大多数人认为这次太空飞行会与乘坐普通飞机旅行一样安全。例She would，he assumed，be home at the usual time.他认为，她会在通常时间回到家的。知识拓展(1)assume sb./sth.to be假定/假设某人/某事为It is/was generally assumed that.普遍认为(2)ass

15、umption n.假定，假设，设想on the assumption that.假定，假设assuming(that) .假定(作状语)即学即练单句语法填空/句型转换They hope to go to college next year，always assuming(assume)that they pass their exams.My family are working on the assumption(assume) that everyone invited will come to the party.Parents assume that what they do has

16、 little effect on their children.Surprisingly，it is assumed that what parents do has little effect their children.(用it作形式主语改写)Without the hard work of the dustman，what can we imagine our environment will be like?Assuming that without the hard work of the dustman，what can we imagine our environment w

17、ill be like？(用assuming作连词改写)小片段填空 It is assumed that hard work leads to great success，so we assume him to be successful.But assuming that if he is not so，what shall we do to comfort him？(assume)知识要点4shadow n坏影响，阴影(教材原句P63)It was the most disastrous space accident ever，and it cast a shadow on peoples

18、 hearts.这是有史以来最具灾难性的航天事故，给人们的心灵蒙上了阴影。例When Sandy was a child，he lived in the shadow of his excellent brother.当桑迪还是个孩子的时候，他生活在他优秀哥哥的阴影下。知识拓展(1)cast a shadow on.给蒙上阴影be frightened/nervous/scared of ones own shadow非常胆小(或十分紧张)in the shadow of在附近under the shadow of在的阴影中without/beyond a shadow of a doubt毫

19、无疑问(2)shadow v.跟踪(3) shadowy adj.有阴影的，朦胧的即学即练完成句子The new supermarket is in the shadow of (在附近)the City Hall.The pity man has been living for years under the shadow of fear(在恐惧的阴影中)Whenever he sees the fierce dog，he is nervous of his own shadow(十分紧张)知识要点5scream v(因疼痛、惊恐、兴奋等)尖声大叫(教材原句P63)The Challenge

20、r had exploded in midair and we all started screaming.“挑战者号”已经在半空中爆炸，我们都开始尖叫。例All the fans screamed when the pop singer appeared on the stage.当流行歌手出现在舞台上时，所有的歌迷都尖叫起来。知识拓展(1)scream with laughter尖声大笑scream out for./to do亟须；亟待(2)let out a scream发出尖叫声即学即练单句语法填空Other boys ran round Philip，screaming (scre

21、am) with loud laughter.The lady screamed out for help when she saw the fierce dog.The fans screamed with excitement when they saw the wellknown football player.The operation went badly，so badly in fact，that Peter woke up screaming (scream) in pain.These books scream out to be included(include)in a l

22、ist of favourites.知识要点6suspend v暂停，中止(教材原句P63)Following the shock of the Challenger disaster，space shuttle flights were suspended for nearly three years while the cause of the disaster was investigated，and some of the shuttles components were redesigned.“挑战者”号灾难发生后，在调查灾难原因的同时，航天飞机的飞行暂停了近3年，航天飞机的一些部件

23、也被重新设计。例Cancel or suspend is not allowed.不允许“取消”或“终止”。知识拓展suspend sb.from sth.(尤指因为违反纪律)暂令某人停学或者停职suspend sth.from sth./by sth.悬挂be suspended in sth.悬浮在中即学即练单句语法填空A lamp was suspended from the ceiling.Her clothes was found suspended by a rope.Julie was suspended from her job shortly after the incide

24、nt.知识要点7doubt n怀疑 v怀疑；疑惑(教材原句P63)But there was never any doubt that manned flights would continue，and on 29 September 1988，the space shuttle programme resumed with the successful launch of Discovery.但毫无疑问，载人飞行将继续下去。随着“发现号”于1988年9月29日的成功发射，航天飞机项目又重新开始。例Whether he will continue to be successful in fut

25、ure is open to doubt.他今后能否继续获得成功值得怀疑。知识拓展(1)have doubt about/whether.怀疑have no doubt about/that.不怀疑There is no doubt that.毫无疑问without doubtbeyond doubt毫无疑问；一定地 no doubt肯定地；想必(2)doubtful adj.怀疑的名师点津在否定句和疑问句中，doubt后跟that引导的宾语从句或同位语从句；在肯定句中，后接whether或if引导的宾语从句或whether引导的同位语从句。即学即练单句语法填空Time is not enou

26、gh，so they themselves are doubtful(doubt) if they will finish the task in time.I still doubt whether the price of houses in our city will go down.This latest evidence casts serious doubt on his version of events.知识要点8remind sb.that.使某人想起(教材原句P63)The sacrifice of the Challenger calls to us，reminding

27、us that we must continue to reach for the stars，no matter how distant they might seem.“挑战者”号的牺牲召唤着我们，提醒我们必须继续努力进行星空探索，不管它们看起来有多么遥远。例Remind me to phone Alan before I go out.提醒我在出去之前给艾伦打电话。知识拓展(1)remind sb.to do sth.提醒某人做某事remind(sb.)that/how/what提醒(某人)(2)reminder n引起回忆的事物；提醒人的事物；(告知该做某事的)通知单，提示信(3)其他

28、“v.sb.of sth.”结构的短语还有：inform sb.of sth.通知某人某事rob sb.of sth.抢劫某人某物accuse sb.of sth.控告某人某事warn sb.of sth.警告某人某事cure sb.of sth.治愈某人某病convince sb.of sth.使某人相信某事即学即练单句语法填空/完成句子Passengers are reminded (remind)that no smoking is allowed on this train.Reminded not to drive(drive)after drinking，some drivers

29、are still trying their luck，which is really dangerous.The result will help to predict some major and severe diseases and peoples preference for diet and remind them of right ways to exercise(提示人们合适的锻炼方式)Sentence Patterns重点句式1形容词(短语)作状语(教材原句P62)Millions watched that first lunar landing on black and w

30、hite television sets，their hearts in their mouths，aware of how arduous and hazardous an undertaking it was，and of the many things that could go wrong.数百万人通过黑白电视观看了首次登月的过程，他们的心提到了嗓子眼，意识到这是一项多么艰巨和危险的任务，也意识到许多可能会出错的事情。句式分析：句子中aware of how arduous and hazardous an undertaking it was，and of the many thin

31、gs that could go wrong 是形容词短语作状语，来说明主语的状态。例1He approached us，full of apologies.他连声道歉地朝我们走过来。例2Dressed in white, the lady came into the doctors office.这位穿着白色衣服的女士走进医生的办公室。知识拓展(1)形容词(短语)作状语时，说明句子主语的特点或处于某种状态。形容词(短语)作状语可以表示方式、原因或伴随状况等。(2)形容词(短语)作状语时，可位于句首、句末或句中，常用逗号与句子其他成分隔开。名师点津如果用来修饰句子的谓语动词或整个句子，则应用副

32、词作状语。即学即练单句语法填空/完成句子Enthusiastic(enthusiasm)，they are quite cooperative.He looked at me，happy and satisfied(satisfy)Luckily(luck)，his mother was very patient，and dont give up trying to help him.这些苹果熟了，味道很甜。Ripe, these apples are sweet.林涛很乐意接受这个建议，所以他就点头同意了。Lin Tao，glad to accept the suggestion，nodde

33、d his agreement.重点句式2no 比较级than(教材原句P63)The world went into shock，most people having assumed that this space flight would be no more dangerous than travelling in an aeroplane.全世界陷入震惊，大多数人认为这次太空飞行会与乘坐普通飞机旅行一样安全。句式分析：“Ano more.than B”句式表示“两者都不”例1It is no thinner than a piece of hair.它跟一根头发一样细。例2Mary i

34、s no fatter than Shirley.玛丽和雪莉都不胖。知识拓展(1)“no比较级than”结构表示该形容词或副词的相反含义，意思是“与一样不”，如：no better than意义上相当于as bad as。(2)not比较级than含义是“不比怎么样” 如：not better than.不比好。(3)比较级的其他特殊表示方法：表示两者之中“较”，用the比较级of the two。This one is the bigger of the two houses.这所房子是两座房子中较大的。定冠词或指示形容词比较级名词，表示比较。The taller boy is John.那

35、个身高较高的男孩子是约翰。有少数以ior结尾的形容词，如inferior(次于)，junior(地位低下的)，posterior(之后)，prior(之前)，senior(地位高)，superior(优于)等本身就有比较的意思，常与介系词to连用。This method is superior to that one.这种方法优于那种方法。即学即练单句语法填空/完成句子Your friend is senior to me.Im not more intelligent (intelligent)than my brother.Toms handwriting is far/much/even

36、 better(好得多)than his sister.这部电影不如那部电影吸引人。This film is not more attractive than that one.这部电影和那部电影一样不吸引人。This film is no more attractive than that one.Millions watched that first lunar landing on black and white television sets，their hearts in their mouths，aware of how arduous and hazardous an under

37、taking it was，and of the many things that could go wrong.分析本句的主干部分是Millions watched that first lunar landing on black and white television sets。其中their hearts in their mouths是独立主格结构，在句中作状语，表示伴随。aware of how arduous and hazardous an undertaking it was，and of the many things that could go wrong这部分也是作伴

38、随状语。and 是表示并列关系，而且后面省略了形容词aware。译文数百万人通过黑白电视观看了首次登月的过程，他们的心提到了嗓子眼，意识到这是一项多么艰巨和危险的任务，也意识到许多可能会出错的事情。教材高考1.Guided by a computer that was much less powerful than the ones used by todays average school students.(2017全国卷)Freddy was an average student，but not an average person.2.The Challenger had explode

39、d in midair and we all started screaming.(2018全国卷)Unexpectedly，Im facetoface with the gorilla，who begins screaming at the top of her lungs.单句语法填空1Youre brave and courageous.You can make it2In spite of his age，he still leads an active life.3This computer is no more expensive(expensive) than the old m

40、odel.4Assuming(assume)that the suggestion is accepted，when are we going to get the money?5Accustomed(accustom)to living in the countryside，his parents found it hard to live in the city.6Hard as/though he worked，he failed the examination.7Nora grew accustomed to depending( depend) on her husband8Im r

41、eally sorry to have given(give) you so much trouble.9After the earthquake，the people set about rebuilding (rebuild)their homes.10If you are in any doubt as to whether you should be doing these exercises，consult your doctor.短语填空cast a shadow on；on board；set foot on；get accustomed to；tune in；rise to o

42、nes feet；take ones place；go wrong；scream for help；go into shock1Naturally，I get upset when things go wrong2The captain refused to leave his sinking ship while there were others on board3More than six million youngsters tune in to Blockbusters every day.4The misunderstanding cast a shadow on their fr

43、iendship.5It was the first time I had set foot on African soil.6As the hero run to the stadium，people rose to their feet and cheered for him.7People who are seriously injured can go into shock8A loud scream for help disturbed the quietness of the small town at midnight.9Please take your places; we a

44、re ready to begin our class.10Tom is having a hard time getting accustomed to new surroundings in Australia.课文语法填空Ever since Neil Armstrong first set foot 1.on the Moon back on 20 July 1969，people have become 2.accustomed(accustom)to the notion of space travel.All three astronauts made it 3.safely(s

45、afe)back to Earth，4.using(use)a spaceship computer that was much less powerful 5. than the ones used by the average school students today.By the time the Challenger took off in 1986，the world seemed to 6.have lost(lose)its fear and wonder at the 7.amazing(amaze)achievements of people going up into s

46、pace.But this was going to be a special flight and so 8.millions(million)of people tuned in to witness the takeoff on TV.Sadly the Challenger had exploded in midair.It 9.happened(happen)so quickly and everyone was in a state of shock.In spite of all our advanced technology，the world is still only at 10.the very beginning of its voyage into space.13