2023届高考二轮总复习试题 英语 （适用于老高考旧教材） 专题一 阅读理解 考点分类练06　推理判断题——文章出处类 WORD版含解析.docx

1、考点分类练(六)推理判断题文章出处类Passage 1(2022安徽宣城二模)Have you ever found picking out the face of a friend in a group photo is sometimes hard,especially when everyone crowds together?In the same way,it can also be hard to read a passage of text when the letters are too close together.In fact,a new study shows that

2、 spacing the letters farther apart can help anyone read faster,and possibly understand more.Dyslexia is a common reading disorder.Crowded text was especially difficult for people with dyslexia to read.So researchers wanted to see if increasing the spacing between letters would help.Steven Stagg,a sc

3、ientist,studies how people think and learn.His team recruited 59 students between 11 and 15 years old,thirty-two of whom had dyslexia.While the researchers recorded them,each student read two passages out loud.One passage was in its original format.In the other,there was an increase of 2.5 points in

4、 the spacing between the letters.The recording allowed the scientists to measure their reading speed and count any mistakes,such as skipped words.People with dyslexia often employ aids to help them read,such as colored overlays(覆盖物).This time they are offered by the researchers.Those colored overlay

5、s didnt help either group of kids.But the extra spacing did.Kids with dyslexia read the wider-spaced text 13 percent faster than the text with original spacing.These kids also made fewer mistakes.Students without dyslexia read faster,too,although only by 5 percent.This is very good news.It means tea

6、chers and publishers can print material with extra spacing between letters.Readers with dyslexia wont feel singled out by having to use special aids for reading.An organization called Readability Matters is working on these issues.The group is trying to get tech companies to make changes that should

7、 make reading easier.Stagg says,“Some methods have shown mixed results,but letter spacing seems to be the one thing that everyone is finding works.”1.What is the purpose of the first paragraph?A.To make the article interesting.B.To present a common problem.C.To lead to the topic of the article.D.To

8、provide a new solution.2.What do you know about people with dyslexia?A.They may understand everything while reading wider-spaced text.B.They may read faster than normal kids while reading wider-spaced text.C.They may free from dyslexia after increasing letter spacing.D.They may feel singled out whil

9、e using colored overlays for reading.3.In which column of a newspaper can we probably find this passage?A.Science study.B.Campus life.C.Star stories.D.Business.4.What is the best title for the text?A.Readers Try to Improve Reading SpeedB.You Just Need More SpaceC.Colored Overlays Are Helpful AidsD.D

10、yslexia Affects Reading SpeedPassage 2(2022广西桂林梧州一模)The number of weather-related disasters has increased by five times over the past 50 years,the latest report by the World Meteorological(气象)Organization(WMO)said on September 1st.However,thanks to improved early warning systems and disaster managem

11、ent,the number of death from these hazards(危险)has been almost three times less.According to the WMO,from 1970 to 2019,weather,climate and water hazards accounted for 50 percent of all disasters.Among the top 10 hazards that led to the largest loss of human life during this period were droughts,storm

12、s,floods and extreme temperatures.However,deaths fell from over 50,000 in the 1970s to less than 20,000 in the 2010s.“Weather,climate and water extremes are increasing and will become more frequent and severe in many parts of the world as a result of climate change,” says WMO Secretary-General Pette

13、ri Taalas.“That means more heatwaves,drought and forest fires such as those we have observed recently in Europe and North America.We have more water vapor in the atmosphere,which is worsening extreme rainfall and deadly flooding.The warming of the ocean has affected the frequency and area of existen

14、ce of the most intense tropical storms.”“Economic losses are increasing as exposure increases.But behind the statistics lies a message of hope.Improved multi-hazard early warning systems have led to a significant reduction in deaths.Quite simply,we are better than ever before at saving lives,” Taala

15、s said.5.What do we know from the first paragraph?A.Disasters connected with weather have gone up.B.The number of weather-related disasters has decreased.C.The number of deaths from hazards has been increasing.D.Early warning systems have made disasters decline much.6.What will happen according to P

16、etteri Taalas?A.There will be more extreme weather.B.Extreme rainfall will no longer exist.C.Water vapor in the atmosphere will go down.D.Human will conquer extreme weather in the end.7.What is hopeful behind the bad news?A.Improved warning systems will save economic losses.B.Economic losses are goi

17、ng down as exposure increases.C.More lives will be saved thanks to early warning systems.D.Improved early warning systems will control extreme weather.8.Where may the text be taken from?A.A novel.B.A brochure.C.A guideline.D.A magazine.Passage 3(2022广西南宁二模)In order to get rid of goldenrod from the c

18、ity,the government of Wuhan is encouraging residents to report any findings of the plant,which is classified as a harmful alien species.Goldenrod is one of the most successful and widespread alien plant species.It is often referred to as “the flower of the devil”,as it spreads extremely fast and cau

19、ses other plants to die.Besides Hubei province,the plant has also been found expanding in other provinces such as Jiangxi and Zhejiang.Although local authorities have tried to get rid of the plant,it is proving to be a difficult task.Goldenrod represents just one of the alien species that are aggres

20、sive towards the countrys native species.Statistics show that by 2020,nearly 800 kinds of alien species had invaded the country,among which 638 species have invaded the countrys agricultural and forestry ecosystems,causing direct economic losses of about 200 billion yuan($31.36 billion).At the Unite

21、d Nations Biodiversity Conference held in Kunming,Yunnan province,the invasion of alien species was the subject of discussions,as it was regarded as one of the two most important factors leading to the loss of biodiversity,the other being human-caused ecological damage.China passed its Biosecurity L

22、aw on April 15,2021,which provides the legal basis for preventing the invasion of alien species and protecting biodiversity in the country.The relevant departments also strictly carry out port inspections and quarantines so as to keep harmful organisms out of the country,and they strengthen early wa

23、rning and monitoring systems so as to address the invasion as early as possible.However,while government departments are making every effort to prevent and control the situation,the participation of the people should not be ignored.It is also necessary,as Wuhan is doing,to encourage people to pay at

24、tention to invasive species and actively play a role in keeping them at bay.Preventing any invasion by an alien species and protecting biodiversity should not just be the government departments fighting alone,but also a peoples war.9.What can we learn about goldenrod from the text?A.It originates in

25、 Wuhan.B.It does harm to peoples health.C.It is a great threat to the surrounding plants.D.It causes an economic loss of about $31.36 billion.10.What is paragraph 5 mainly about?A.Chinas efforts to stop the invasion of alien species.B.Relevant departments warning of goldenrod.C.The legal basis to pr

26、otect biodiversity.D.The importance of port inspections and quarantines.11.What do the underlined words “keeping them at bay” in the last paragraph mean?A.Keeping the invasive species out of the country.B.Building some barriers for the species.C.Preventing the flowers from growing fast.D.Keeping the

27、 alien species safe at the port.12.In which section of a newspaper can this text be found?A.Business.B.Culture.C.Environment.D.Opinion.考点分类练(六)推理判断题文章出处类Passage 1【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了一项研究表明增加字母间距有助于帮助患有阅读障碍的人阅读,让无阅读障碍的人阅读速度更快。1.C解析 推理判断题。由第一段内容可知,与在合影中辨认朋友的脸有时很难一样,字母靠得太近也让人难以辨认,而研究表明加大字母间隔能帮助人提高阅读速度,

28、承接下文,引出第二段内容。所以第一段的目的是引出文章的主题。2.D解析 推理判断题。由第四段中的“People with dyslexia often employ aids to help them read,such as colored overlays(覆盖物).”和倒数第二段中的“Readers with dyslexia wont feel singled out by having to use special aids for reading.”可推断出,当阅读障碍患者使用彩色版面阅读时,他们可能会感到被孤立了。3.A解析 推理判断题。本文主要是介绍一项科学研究,会在报纸的“科

29、学研究”专栏找到这篇文章。4.B解析 主旨大意题。本文主要讲述了增加字母间距有助于帮助患有阅读障碍的人阅读,B项“你只需要更多的(字母)空间”符合文意。Passage 2【语篇导读】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要讲了极端天气和与此相关的灾难会越来越多,但是人类可以通过早期预警系统拯救更多的生命。5.A解析 细节理解题。由第一段第一句中的“The number of weather-related disasters has increased by five times over the past 50 years”可知,与气候相关的灾难增多了。6.A解析 细节理解题。由第三段Petteri T

30、aalas说的话可知,Petteri Taalas认为极端天气会增多。7.C解析 细节理解题。由最后一段中的“But behind the statistics lies a message of hope.Improved multi-hazard early warning systems have led to a significant reduction in deaths.”可知,预警系统会拯救更多生命。8.D解析 推理判断题。由第三段中的“says WMO Secretary-General Petteri Taalas.”和第五段结尾的“Taalas said.”可知,文章引用

31、了世界气象组织官员的话,所以最可能出自电视或广播的专题节目,magazine有“(电视、广播)专题节目”的意思。Passage 3【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了麒麟草被列为有害外来物种,它是最成功、分布最广的外来植物之一。它通常被称为“魔鬼之花”,因为它传播速度极快,会导致其他植物死亡。文章还说明了中国对于阻止外来物种入侵的努力情况等。9.C解析 细节理解题。根据第二段“Goldenrod is one of the most successful and widespread alien plant species.It is often referred to as the

32、flower of the devil,as it spreads extremely fast and causes other plants to die.”可知,麒麟草对周围的植物是一个巨大的威胁。10.A解析 主旨大意题。根据第五段内容可知,第五段主要讲的是中国阻止外来物种入侵的努力。11.A解析 词句猜测题。根据最后一段中“Preventing any invasion by an alien species and protecting biodiversity should not just be the government departments fighting alone,but also a peoples war.”以及画线词组上文“encourage people to pay attention to invasive species and actively play a role in”可知,文章提出要鼓励人们关注入侵物种,并积极发挥作用,把入侵物种赶出这个国家。故画线词意思是“把入侵物种赶出这个国家”。