新教材2022新高考英语人教版一轮总复习训练：选择性必修第二册 UNIT 1　SCIENCE AND SCIENTISTS WORD版含解析.doc

1、A卷小题夯基练.语境填词1A little creativity can transform(转变) an ordinary meal into a special event, offering incredible experience to those diners. 2Being addicted to online shopping for too long will greatly decrease(减少) peoples desire to take part in social activities.3To our great relief, everything was go

2、ing well in the initial(最初的) stage of development.4When the sun is low, the grand building cast a long and gray shadow(阴影) on the ground.5The longterm goal of the reform is to shift(转移) its emphasis and cultivate students language abilities instead of their ability to take tests.6With this learning

3、style, they can know things in the world and how they work, rather than only the name or an abstract(抽象的) concept.词形转换和动词的形式变换(用所给词的正确形式填空)1(2019全国卷)Before the 1830s, most newspapers were sold through annual subscriptions(subscribe) in America, usually $8 to $10 a year. 2(2018江苏卷)Some social app com

4、panies were to_blame(blame) because they didnt adequately check their users registration.3(四川卷)They help the body defend itself against some kinds of infections(infect)4To_decrease(decrease) the amount of rubbish and to protect the environment, more governments are requiring people to recycle materi

5、als.5Alice sat on the sofa quietly with tears pouring(pour) down her face.6In spite of many difficulties, his English has improved steadily(steady) in recent months.7He lent a hand to us, which multiplied(multiple) our chances of success several times.8His presence meant that I had an unexpected tea

6、ching assistant(assist) in class whose creativity would infect other students.9People respect him for his great genius and love him for the goodness and purity(pure) of his soul.固定用法和搭配(在空白处填入1个适当的单词)1(2020天津卷7月)While libraries still loan out books, youll find it easier to get a copy of whatever you

7、re looking for，thanks to a cooperative network of area libraries.2(2019江苏卷)The question, however, is whether this is what the developing countries need the most.3Suspecting the traveler of carrying explosive substances, the customs officer stopped him and went through his suitcase.4A local newspaper

8、 remarked that crime was on the decrease.5When Lang Langs father found that Lang Lang had a gift for music, he gave up his job and took him to Beijing to learn to play the piano.选词填空subscribe to, thanks to, break out, in charge of, come down, above all, be linked to1All the scientists present at the

9、 forum subscribe_to the view that it is human activity and the burning of fossil fuels that cause global warming.2Thanks_to the popularity of social networking sites and the brief nature of text messages, online abbreviations (缩写) are now an established part of written English.3Past studies suggest

10、not sleeping enough could cause an increased release of hormones (荷尔蒙), which are_linked_to a better appetite and weightgain.4Around the world, many towns, cities, states and countries choose their leaders based on an election, where the person who gets the most votes will be in_charge_of_the local

11、affairs. 5A fire caused by a leaking seal in an oil pump broke_out but fortunately no injuries were reported.完成句子/句型转换/一句多译1(湖南卷)正如约翰列侬曾经说过的那样，当你忙着为生活另做打算时，它已悄然来临。As John Lennon once said, life is what_happens_to_you while you are busy making other plans.2我们应该多交流、换位思考而不是相互责怪。Instead_of_blaming_each_

12、other,_we should communicate more and put ourselves in others place.3The camera is so expensive that I cant afford it.It is so_expensive_a_camera that I cant afford it.soadj.a(n)可数名词单数It is such_an_expensive_camera that I cant afford it. sucha(n)adj.可数名词单数So_expensive_a_camera_is_it that I cant affo

13、rd it. (so在句首的倒装)Such_an_expensive_camera_is_it_that I cant afford it. (such在句首的倒装)4Whether I would immediately have a baby is the question I discussed with my close friends. The question I discussed with my close friends was whether_I_would_immediately_have_a_baby(表语从句)5因为被指责要为学校电脑网络的崩溃负责，艾丽斯的情绪很低落

14、。Alice was in low spirits because_she_was_blamed_for the breakdown of the school computer network. (状语从句)Blamed_for the breakdown of the school computer network, Alice was in low spirits. (分词作状语)B卷大题提能练.阅读理解A(2021枣庄高三模拟)“The moment before they called my name, I was really nervous because the other f

15、inalists presentations are really good and I thought they would win，” Kara Fan, 14, who has won Americas Top Young Scientist, said.“When they announced my name, I was really surprised actually.”To win that claim, Fans nanoparticle liquid bandage had to surpass the experiments of hundreds of fifth to

16、 eighth graders as well as nine other finalists.Fan started developing her liquid bandage in April 2019 to fight the overuse of antibiotics (抗生素)According to the CDC, roughly 2 million people every year suffer a bacterial infection in the US and about 23，000 passed away as a result.If left alone, a

17、UN study reported, drugresistant diseases or the “superbug” could lead to 10 million deaths across the globe by 2050.When Fans sprayable bandage dries on a persons skin, it creates a thin layer that protects the wounded area while breaking the cell wall and killing the bacteria on the skin.After exp

18、erimenting with copper nitrate (硝酸铜) to fight bacteria, switching to the silver nitrate ended up being the major catalyst (催化剂) for seeing results of her awardwinning project.“Thousands of years ago, ancient people would use copper and silver containers to eat and they would drink water from copper

19、bowls to kill bacteria，” Fan explained.“I found out that it didnt work.So I used nano silver.”Sir Alexander Flemings discovery of penicillina type of antibioticsis Fans favorite scientific discovery.That said, she doesnt think humans should rely too heavily on penicillin.Following her years at Westv

20、iew High School, Fan hopes to continue her biology track at Stanford University.Along with the $25，000 cash prize she won on October 29, becoming Americas Top Young Scientist may help get the private universitys attention.【解题导语】本文是一篇记叙文。14岁的卡拉范发明了一种纳米颗粒液体绷带，以减少人们过度使用抗生素。凭借这一发明，卡拉范赢得了“美国顶尖青年科学家”的称号。

21、1How did Kara Fan feel about her winning the prize?AConfident.BRegretful.CProud.DUnexpected.D解析：细节理解题。根据第一段的“When they announced my name, I was really surprised actually.”可知，卡拉范听到自己获奖时感到很惊讶，这出乎她的意料。2For what purpose did Fan develop her liquid bandage?ATo fight the overuse of antibiotics.BTo enter a

22、national contest.CTo reduce deaths from injuries.DTo get into a good university.A解析：细节理解题。根据第二段的“Fan started developing her liquid bandage in April 2019 to fight the overuse of antibiotics (抗生素)”可知，她研发液体绷带是为了阻止抗生素的滥用。3Which of the following does Fan use to kill bacteria?ACopper nitrate.BCopper.CSilv

23、er.DNano silver.D解析：细节理解题。根据第四段的“ancient people would use copper.to kill bacteria”“I found out that it didnt work.So I used nano silver.”可知，她选用了纳米银来杀死细菌。4What might be Fans opinion about penicillin?AAddictive.BValuable.CUseless.DIrreplaceable.B解析：观点态度题。根据倒数第二段的“Sir Alexander Flemings discovery of pe

24、nicillina type of antibioticsis Fans favorite scientific discovery.”可知，她认为盘尼西林是很有价值的。B(2021山东新高考第一次模拟)China is one of the first countries to breed a medical culture.In comparison with Western methods, traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) adopts a vastly different approach.For thousands of years, Chine

25、se people have accumulated rich experience in fighting all sorts of diseases, therefore forming a unique medical theory under the guidance of ancient Chinese philosophies. The core behind TCM is that the human bodys life is the consequence of the balance between yin and yang.Yang functions to safegu

26、ard us against outer harm, and yin is the inner base to store and provide energy.When the balance between the two aspects is disturbed, people fall ill.One of the traditional techniques of TCM, acupuncture (针刺疗法), means insertion of needles into superficial structures of the bodyusually at acupoints

27、 (穴位)to restore the yinyang balance.It is often accompanied by moxibustion (灸法), which involves burning the mugwort (艾叶) on or near the skin at an acupoint.The first known text that clearly talks about something like acupuncture and moxibustion as it is practiced today is Yellow Emperors Inner Canon

28、.It is the earliest and most important written work of TCM and is considered the most representative medical text in China.Acupuncture and moxibustion have aroused the interest of international medical science circles.And TCM is gradually gaining worldwide recognition.The WHO issued a document in 20

29、02 that appealed to more than 180 countries to adopt TCM as an alternative in their medical policies.In 2010, acupuncture and moxibustion of traditional Chinese medicine were added to the Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity by the UNESCO.Presently, TCM has been back i

30、n the news for its effectiveness in improving the cure rate of the COVID19 since its outbreak in January 2020.【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章首先介绍了中医独特的理论和疗法，随后指出中医正在获得世界范围内的认可，且因其在提高新冠肺炎治愈率上的有效性而重新出现在新闻中。5What does the underlined word “It” in paragraph 3 refer to?ATCM.BAcupuncture.CYinyang balance.DMoxibustion.B解

31、析：代词指代题。第三段第一句讲的是针刺疗法的相关内容，根据语境可知，此处表示针刺疗法经常伴随灸法，故It指的是acupuncture。6What can we learn about Yellow Emperors Inner Canon from the text?AIt distinguishes acupuncture from moxibustion.BIts a foundation of world medical research.CIt stresses the importance of using acupoints.DIt greatly boosts the devel

32、opment of TCM.D解析：推理判断题。根据第四段中的内容可知，第一部明确谈到针刺疗法和灸法的文献就是黄帝内经，它是最早和最重要的中医书面著作，并被认为是中国最具代表性的医学文本，故选D“它极大地促进了中医的发展”。7What is the writers purpose of writing the text?ATo introduce TCM to the world.BTo review the development of TCM.CTo tell TCM and Western medicine apart.DTo comment on TCM in fighting COV

33、ID19.A解析：写作意图题。文章前半部分介绍了中医独特的理论和疗法，后面说中医正逐渐受到世界范围内的认可，由此可知，作者写这篇文章的目的是向世人介绍中医。8What might be talked about in the paragraph following the text?AWhy TCM gets recognition from WHO.BWhy TCM is gaining popularity.CHow TCM helps in the current situation.DHow other countries adopt TCM well.C解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段

34、中的最后一句可知，自2020年1月新冠肺炎疫情暴发以来，因其在提高新冠肺炎治愈率上的成效，中医再次出现在新闻当中，故可推知下面一段内容将围绕中医如何帮助解决目前情况而展开，故选C。【难句分析】 The first known text that clearly talks about something like acupuncture and moxibustion as it is practiced today is Yellow Emperors Inner Canon.分析：这是一个复合句。该句主干为“The first known text is Yellow Emperors I

35、nner Canon”，that引导定语从句，修饰text，在该定语从句中还包含一个as引导的方式状语从句。译文：第一部已知的、清楚地谈到类似现行的针刺疗法和灸法的文献是黄帝内经。CIn ancient times, our ancestors relied on stars to guide them on a clear night. Today, we have navigational systems to help us find our way, with the latest being the Beidou Navigation Satellite System (BDS).

36、The BDS is entirely built by Chinese engineers. With the launch of the last satellite from the Xichang Satellite Launch Center on June 23，2020, the global network of 59 satellites has been completed. On July 31，2020, Beidou started providing fullscale global services. Its difficult to imagine the gr

37、eat impact those satellites, orbiting (围绕运转) the Earth, have on our daily lives.When you unlock one of Hellobikes bicycles, you are using the BDS. The popular bikesharing company came out with two new bike models this year that are equipped with the positioning service.“The intelligent lock on each

38、bike receives Beidou satellite signals and sends positioning information to the data center, which will help collect big data on the bikes and estimate users riding demands in advance according to the data，” Chu Yiqun, a manager of Hellobike told Xinhua News Agency. Users can also find shared bikes

39、more accurately thanks to Beidous global positioning accuracy of 2.34 meters.However, the BDS doesnt just work one way. As the countrys largest spacebased system and one of four global navigation networks, along with the United States GPS, Russias GLONASS and the European Unions Galileo, Beidou adop

40、ts a unique twoway communication system, including its ability to receive messages sent by people from areas with poor communication signals. Obviously, this exclusive function isnt designed for users to chat online. Instead, it plays a role when disasters occur and communications are blocked.After

41、the Wenchuan earthquake in 2008, all groundbased communication facilities (设施) were interrupted. Though the first generation of Beidou could only send 120 characters in a single message at that time, communication between affected areas and rescue centers was successful. Now, Beidous messaging capac

42、ity (能力) has been increased to 1，200 Chinese characters in a single message. It is widely used in disaster alarms, automatic identification (识别) and information release.As Sun Jiadong, former chief designer of the BDS, said：“The application of Beidou is only limited by imagination.”【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章

43、主要介绍了北斗卫星导航系统及其功能和广泛应用。9What can we learn about the BDS from the article?AIt was codeveloped by Chinese and American engineers.BIt works better when the weather is good.CIts last satellite was launched on July 31，2020. DIts able to provide global coverage for navigation.D解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“The BDS is

44、entirely built by Chinese engineers.”可知，北斗卫星导航系统是由中国自主研发，故A错误；文中并未提及天气越好，导航系统的运行更佳，故B错误；“With the launch of the last satellite from the Xichang Satellite Launch Center on June 23，2020”表明，最后一颗卫星发射于2020年6月23日，故C错误；根据“.Beidou started providing fullscale global services.”可知，北斗可以提供覆盖全球的服务，所以正确答案为D。10Why

45、does the author mention Hellobike in paragraph 3?ATo highlight the high positioning accuracy of the BDS.BTo show how the BDS makes peoples daily lives easier.CTo present the benefits and limitations of the BDS.DTo explain how the BDS works.B解析：推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Its difficult to imagine the great impact

46、those satellites, orbiting (围绕运转) the Earth, have on our daily lives.”可知，下一段举出哈罗单车的例子是为了阐述北斗卫星导航系统是如何让人们的日常生活变得更为便捷，所以正确答案为B。11What is the function of Beidous twoway communication system?ATo help people when communication signals are poor. BTo make communication more fun.CTo allow users to chat onli

47、ne more freely.DTo collect feedback from users.A解析：细节理解题。根据第四段中的“.to receive messages sent by people from areas with poor communication signals.”以及“it plays a role when disasters occur and communications are blocked”可知，双向通信系统是为了能够在信号差或没有信号的情况下仍然能够接收到信息，所以正确答案为A。12What does Sun Jiadong imply in the l

48、ast paragraph?ABeidou may be more helpful than we know.BBeidou stimulates users imagination.CBeidou needs to be further perfected.DBeidou is limited in application.A解析：推理判断题。最后一段中原句的意思是北斗的应用只会受到想象力的限制，反过来表示只要人们能够想得到，北斗的应用都能实现，它比我们想象中的更有帮助，所以正确答案为A。.七选五(2021广东化州一模)Chinese culture values family bonds

49、very much. Family members dont just gather during the holidays. In fact they often live under one roof all year round. 1._ Families in the East and West are very different from each other.In most East Asian cultures, extended families are common. 2._ According to The Atlantic, 90 percent of children

50、 in Shanghai and 70 percent of children in Beijing were cared for by their grandparents. Chinese people believe that “a grandparent is a treasure to their family”In many Western countries, most families are nuclear families (小家庭). These are solely made up of children and their parents.Additionally,

51、the duties parents have toward their children can also differ. 3._Its normal for parents to pay for their childrens college, help them find a job, or buy them an apartment. Chinese adults also follow their parents opinions when making major life decisions, more often than not.In most Western countri

52、es, however, kids usually move out of the house after they turn 18.4_ Also, if they choose to keep living with their parents after becoming an adult, it can be seen by some as a failure on their part.While the East cares more about close family bonds, the West values privacy and independence. 5._ Fa

53、milies will always be a source of love, warmth, and care for people around the world.AThese families have three or even four generations living together.BNuclear families are the most common type in China.CIn China, many parents look after their children all the way into adulthood.DDifferent culture

54、s have different family values.EBut in the end, home is besteast or west.FMany young people going to college often need to take out loans and work parttime jobs in order to pay for tuition and rent.GBoth Easterners and Westerners value quality family time.【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章对比说明了中西方关于家庭关系的不同观念。1D解析：根据

55、第一段前后对比“Chinese culture”和“Families in the East and West”中的家庭成员联系观念的描述，可知此处是说中西方文化不同所以家庭观念不同。故选D。2A解析：根据第二段中的“extended families”，可知是包含了很多后代在内的家庭，再根据“.were cared for by their grandparents.”可知，这些家庭有三代人甚至四代人会住在一起生活。故选A。3C解析：根据第五段中的“Its normal for parents to pay for their childrens college, help them fin

56、d a job, or buy them an apartment.”可知，在中国许多父母是把孩子从小照顾到成年。故选C。4F解析：根据第六段中的“kids usually move out of the house after they turn 18”以及空后的“it can be seen by some as a failure on their part”可知，许多年轻人上大学经常会通过贷款或者做兼职来付学费或房租。故选F。5E解析：上一句描述东方更注重亲密的家庭关系，而西方则重视隐私和独立；下一句表达对于世界各地的人来说家庭永远是爱、温暖和关心的源泉，由此可知，无论在东方还是西方，家都是最好的地方。故选E。