新教材2022新高考英语外研版一轮总复习学案：选择性必修第二册 UNIT 2　IMPROVING YOURSELF WORD版含答案.DOC

1、 (一)高频重点词汇分类记忆，用时少，功效高.阅读词汇读懂默想下面单词的含义，不会的在中做出标记并核对识记。1.fundraising n2.profile n3.distract v.4.spit v. 5.headphones n. 6.headline n.7.necessity n. 8.soap n. 9.lifelong adj.10.likewise adv. 11.objectively adv.,自主核对区1募捐，筹款2.概况3.分散(注意力)，使分心4.吐口水，吐唾沫5.耳机6.标题；媒体报道的热门话题7.必需品8.肥皂9.终身的10.同样地；相似地11.客观地.核心词汇练

2、通 辨词义写词形1towel n毛巾2clarify v. 澄清，讲清楚，阐明3district n. 地区，区域4item n. 一件商品(或物品)5vision n. 构想，设想6equip v. 使有知识和技能，使能够胜任7nail n. 钉子8security n. 安全9considerate adj. 替他人着想的入语境重活用1(2020全国卷)The engineers are also trying to develop an on and off “switch”(开关) where the glow would fade when exposed to daylight.2

3、(2020全国卷)If we admit it is a door, theyll want to go outside constantly(不断地)3(2019全国卷)If you are in need of a deadline(截止日期) extension, simply explain the situation to the professor.4If our staffs determine that your clothes are not appropriate(合适的), you will be forbidden to enter the pool.拓展词汇用活1mo

4、tivate v激发，激励motivation n动机；刺激；推动2occupy v占用(空间、面积、时间等)，占去(时间)occupied adj.使用中的；有人使用(或居住)的occupation n职业3access n接触的机会；(接近的)方法；通路；可接近性accessible adj.可接近的；可进入的；可使用的4rely v依赖，依靠reliable adj.可信赖的，可靠的5promote v促进，增进，提升promotion n促进，提升6invest v投资investment n投资investor n投资者,语境活用用所给词的适当形式填空1Thanks to the i

5、nvestment of the foreign capital company, the local economy has developed rapidly. As a result, more and more investors come to invest here.(invest)2He occupies an important position in a company, and is occupied with all kinds of activities，so his occupation brings him great fame and fortune.(occup

6、y)3Free Internet access at home is a huge step in making online education accessible to everybody.(access)4She knows how to promote the sales of this product. She does a good job and she is soon promoted from a saleswoman to a manager. The position is a promotion for her.(promote)(二)高频短语串记记牢用活，不枯燥，兴

7、趣高单元短语再现1switch_on开，打开2rely_on 依靠，依赖3max_out 花光；刷爆4in_contrast_to 与形成对比5be_occupied_with 忙于；专心于6miss_out 错过；遗漏；省略7make_full_use_of 充分利用8check_out 检验；结账离开；通过考核9with_the_help_of 在的帮助下10in_control_of 控制；管理11be_up_to 胜任；由决定；从事；忙于语境活用选用左栏短语填空1(2020天津卷7月)He pulls out a special device, points it at the sus

8、pect, and switches_it on. The thief drops to the ground.2Dont rely_on him to finish the work on time, because he is not reliable.3In_contrast_to her elder brother, she was always considerate in her treatment of others.4We can classify waste and make_full_use_of some leftovers, by which we can recycl

9、e waste.5With_the_help_of Ms Sullivan, she was able to put her heart into her study and graduated from college.会积累(日积月累，联想发散)1.“inn.to”短语小结in contrast to与相比in response to 作为的回应in reply to 对回复in addition to 除之外in regard to 关于；对于2.“改变；转换”这些词switch v改变；转换shift v. 转移；变换transform v. 改变；改观change v. 变化alte

10、r v. 更改；变动modify v. 调整；改变3.以后缀wise结尾的副词likewise同样地otherwise 在其他方面clockwise 顺时针方向lengthwise 纵长地sidewise 侧向；横向 (三)重点句型仿写熟记公式，练原句，表达高背佳句明句型巧仿写And what, if anything, has been learnt from the experience?那么如果有的话，我们从这次经历中学到了什么？if型省略结构1.(全国卷)如果你所采取的措施是有效的，那就坚持下去。如果没有，再看看你可以尝试的其他方法。If the steps you take are

11、working, keep it up. If_not，take another look at other methods you could try.The detox was more difficult to tolerate than I had expected.这次脱瘾活动比我想象的更难以忍受。“beadj.to do”意为“做某事”2.(2019全国卷)我们都知道运动对我们有好处，但有时离开沙发似乎太难了。We all know that exercise is good for us, but sometimes it seems_too_hard_to_leave_the_

12、sofa.After reading the posts on this forum, it seems that something other than money has also been raised through the detox.阅读完在论坛上发的帖子，似乎除了钱以外还有别的东西通过这次脱瘾活动也得到了答案。“It seems that.”意为“看起来，似乎”3.地震摧毁了几乎所有的东西，世界似乎走到了尽头。It_seemed_that the world was at an end as the earthquake destroyed nearly everything.

13、续表背佳句明句型巧仿写Inside the bags are necessities such as toothpaste, soap and socks, bought first with her pocket money and then through crowd funding. 袋子里装着牙膏、肥皂和袜子等必需品，这些都是她先用零花钱然后又通过众筹买的。表地点的介词短语放到句首构成完全倒装结构4.黑暗的森林里有许多湖泊，有些大到足以容纳几个英国城镇。In the dark forests lie_many_lakes,_some large enough to hold sever

14、al English towns. switchv(用开关)改变，转换；调班n(电路的)开关；转换器；改变，转变先练会单句语法填空Switch over if you dont like the programme.I parked the car and switched off the engine.Then I became aware of an SUV coming up directly behind us at speed.At the last moment，it switched to the righthand lane.再写美微写作当我打开灯时，我发现房间被洗劫过了。Wh

15、en I switched_on_the_light,_I found the room robbed.他对现在的工作感到厌倦了，想换一份工作。Being bored of the present job, he wants to make_a_switch(1)switch off关上(电灯、电视等)；断掉(电源)switch on 打开；开始运行switch over 转变；转换；换台switch to 切换到；转到(2)make a switch 更改；转换 佳句背诵 According to the air traffic rules，you should switch off you

16、r mobile phone before boarding.根据空中交通规则，在登机前你应该关闭手机。 motivatev激发，激励；使有动机；促使先练会单句语法填空If someone is really highly motivated(motivate), they can learn really quickly.(2018江苏卷)Unless you can sleep well, you will lose the ability to focus, plan and stay motivated(motivate) after one or two nights.We must

17、 motivate students to_take(take) charge of their own learning. (2019全国卷)Plus, having the doctor tell us to get two and a half hours exercise a week doesnt really help our motivation(motivate) much.(1)motivate sb. to do.激励某人做(2)motivation n. 动力；动机 佳句背诵 As far as Im concerned, not only will her genero

18、sity help those in need realize their dreams and rebuild faith in life, but also it will motivate more people to participate in such a good deed.在我看来，她的慷慨不仅能帮助那些处于困境的人实现梦想、重拾生活信心，而且还能激励更多的人加入这样的善举。(广东卷) occupyv占领；使用，占用；使忙于；忙着先练会猜测加黑词的含义/单句语法填空(2020天津卷7月)It encourages us to occupy our own little corn

19、er, to avoid foolish leaps into the dark, to be satisfied.拥有属于自己的一席之地Choosing an occupation(occupy) takes time, and there are a lot of things you have to think about.John hurried to take the suitcases and occupy himself with/in packing the car.再写美句式升级(普通表达)She is occupied in looking after three chil

20、dren at home, so she has no time to take part in the various activities in the club.(高级表达)Occupied_in_looking_after three children at home, she has no time to take part in the various activities in the club.(过去分词短语作状语)(高级表达)Occupying_herself_in_looking_after three children at home, she has no time t

21、o take part in the various activities in the club.(现在分词短语作状语)(1)occupy oneself with/in doing sth.忙于(做)某事；专心于(做)某事(2)occupied adj. 忙于的；使用中的be occupied (in) doing sth. 忙于做某事be occupied with sth. 忙于某事(3)occupation n. 占领；职业；工作 佳句背诵 He would have attended your birthday party, but he occupied himself with

22、 an important experiment.他本来能参加你的生日晚会，但是他忙于一个非常重要的实验。名师点津 “忙于(做)某事”的表达形式：be busy with sth.；be busy doing sth.；be occupied with sth.；be occupied (in) doing sth. accessn(接近的)方法；通路；接触的机会；权利(常与to连用)；可接近性vt.进入；使用先练会单句语法填空/猜测加黑词的含义(2019北京卷) Depending on which role you choose, you could help to increase a

23、communitys access to safe drinking water.He usually puts the medicine in the top drawer to make sure it will not be accessible (access) to the kids.(2020全国卷) Many stations have wheelchair access from the car park or entrance to the station platforms. 通路再写美微写作(2018全国卷满分作文)我们不仅有机会免费学篮球课程，而且我们学校也会举办各种各

24、样的体育比赛。Not only do_we_have_free_access_to_basketball_courses,_but our school also holds various kinds of sports competitions.(1)have/get/gain (no) access to有(没有)的机会(2)accessible adj. 可接近的；可进入的；可使用的be accessible to 可接近的；可靠近的；可使用的 佳句背诵 I suggest you apply for Peking University, where you can gain acce

25、ss to the best Chinese culture.我建议你申请北京大学，在那里你可以接触到最好的中国文化。(2018北京卷满分作文)名师点津 (1)access前通常不加冠词；(2)access和accessible短语中的to都是介词。 promotev促进，增进；提升；宣传；促销先练会单句语法填空She worked hard and was promoted from a saleswoman to a manager.Advertising and promotion(promote) are what business does best.再写美一句多译“一旦我升职了，我

26、会很高兴的，”他们想。“Once I get_a_promotion,_Ill be happy，” they think.(promotion)“Once I get_promoted,_Ill be happy，” they think.(promote)(1)promote sb.(from.)to.把某人(从)提升到promote sth. to. 把某物推销给(2)promotion n. 提升，晋级；促销产品 佳句背诵 She is always the first staff to go to the office and the last to leave，which I gu

27、ess is why she is promoted so quickly.她总是第一个到办公室最后一个离开的人，我猜这就是她快速得到晋升的原因。 “It seems that.”意为“看起来，似乎”(教材原句)After reading the posts on this forum, it seems that something other than money has also been raised through the detox.阅读完在论坛上发的帖子，似乎除了钱以外还有别的东西通过这次脱瘾活动也得到了答案。先练会单句语法填空It seems that it is more d

28、ifficult for women to get to the top of the company.There seems to be no rubbish in the bin. Who has emptied it?再写美微写作/句型转换太阳东升西落，因此，看上去好像是太阳围着地球转。The sun rises in the east and sets in the west, so it_seems_as_if the sun were circling round the earth.They were talking in a whisper, so it_seemed_that

29、_they_were_saying_something_secretThey were talking in a whisper, so they_seemed_to_be_saying_something_secret(将画线部分改为简单句)(1)如果从句所陈述的情况是真实的或极有可能发生的，从句谓语用陈述语气；(2)如果从句所陈述的情况是不真实的或极少可能发生的，从句谓语用虚拟语气。与现在事实相反，从句谓语用一般过去时：did/were；与过去事实相反，从句谓语用过去完成时：had done；与将来事实相反，从句谓语用：would/could.do；(3)如果as if/though引导的

30、从句中的主语和主句的主语相同，且含有be动词，可省略从句的主语和be动词。 佳句背诵 It seemed strange that I should be so busy this weekend.这似乎是一件怪事：这个周末我竟然这么忙。(全国卷) 表地点的介词短语放到句首构成完全倒装结构(教材原句)Inside the bags are necessities such as toothpaste，soap and socks，bought first with her pocket money and then through crowd funding.袋子里装着牙膏、肥皂和袜子等必需品

31、，这些都是她先用零花钱然后又通过众筹买的。先练会单句语法填空(1)Under the big tree sat/were_sitting(sit) a group of children，who were talking and laughing happily.(2)John opened the door. There stood(stand) a girl with headphones he had never seen before.再写美微写作(3)那个男孩手里拿着一个苹果冲了出去，这让他的父母很尴尬。Out_rushed the boy with an apple in his

32、hand, leaving his parents embarrassed.(4)在泰山脚下坐落着一座美丽的现代化城市泰安。At_the_foot_of_Mount_Tai_sits a beautiful modern cityTaian.(1)表示地点和方位的介词(短语)位于句首，句子的谓语是表示存在意义的动词(如lie、stand、live、sit、exist等)，且主语是名词时句子常用完全倒装。(2)here、there、now、then、in、out、away、up、down、off等副词位于句首，且句子的主语是名词时，句子也常用完全倒装。 佳句背诵 (1)For a moment

33、nothing happened.Then came voices all shouting together.有一会儿什么都没有发生，然后传来了众人的齐声呐喊。(2)In the center of our school lies our library, which is between the garden and the teaching building.我们学校的中心是图书馆，它在花园和教学楼之间。提能训练一阅读理解障碍词.语境辨义根据语境写出加黑词的词性及含义1(2020江苏卷)The health security systems of many countries are u

34、ndergoing considerable transformation.n.安全2(2018浙江卷6月)Being a good neighbor is more or less about considerate behavior. adj.考虑周到的3(2018天津卷)The global population is expected to grow to 9.6 billion by 2050, and some analysts estimate that food production will need to be raised by 50 percent to maintai

35、n current levels. Sustainability is becoming a necessity. n必需；必要4(2020浙江卷7月)Thus, I began my lifelong interest in making things. adj.终生的.熟词生义根据语境写出加黑词的词性及含义1I cant work next weekendwill you switch with me？v.调班2The new position invested her with a good deal of responsibility.v.赋予；授予3They are promotin

36、g their new products on television.v.推销；宣传.一词多义1. 根据语境选出occupy的词性及含义Av.占用Bv.侵占；占领Cv.使忙于(做某事)；忙着Dv.任职；执政(1)The president occupies the position for four years._D_(2)Problems at work continued to occupy his mind for some time._C_(3)It is reported that the capital has been occupied by the rebel army._B_

37、(4)Studying shouldnt occupy all of your spare time. It is important to set aside time for relaxation, hobbies and entertainment._A_2. 根据语境选出access的词性及含义An.通道；通路；入径Bn.(使用的)机会， 权利Cv.访问， 存取Dv.到达；进入(1)The local people told me the loft could be accessed with the help of a ladder._D_(2)Youve illegally acc

38、essed and misused confidential security files._C_(3)Disabled visitors are welcome; there is good wheelchair access to most facilities._A_(4)You need a password to get access to the computer system._B_3. 根据语境选出promote的词性及含义(1)The band has gone on tour to promote their new album._B_(2)Weve decided to

39、promote you to regional vicepresident._C_(3)As is widely received, outdoor activities help children learn through curiosity, which, in turn, promotes creativity._A_提能训练二话题微写作(单元词汇、句式、语法综合运用)1补全要点句在非洲一些偏僻地区，由于常年战乱，一些基本的生活物品，如毛巾、肥皂都得不到保障。(remote, district, necessity, towel, soap)In some remote_distric

40、ts_of_Africa,_due to the perennial war, some basic_necessities_of_life,_such as towels_and_soap,_are not guaranteed.个人生命安全时常受到威胁。(security)Personal_life_security is often threatened.他们受制于某些发达国家，错过了经济发展的机会，严重依赖外来帮助。(in the control of, miss out, rely on)They are in_the_control_of_some_developed_countr

41、ies,_miss_out_the_opportunity of economic development and rely_heavily_on_external_help近几年来，一些地区在友好国家的帮助下，政治上取得了独立，利用一切机会吸引投资，专心发展经济。(with the help of, make use of, investment, occupy)In recent years, with_the_help_of_friendly_countries,_some regions have achieved political independence, have_made_u

42、se_of_every_opportunity to attract_investment and have_occupied_themselves_with economic development.他们还加大教育力度，用先进的技术武装自己。(equip)They have also increased the education and equipped_themselves_with advanced technology.看起来他们离真正的强大还有很长的路要走。(It seems that.)It_seems_that_they_have_a_long_way_to_go before

43、 they are really strong.2升级平淡句将句改为含有现在分词短语作状语的句子They_have_also_increased_the_education,_equipping_themselves_with_advanced_technology.3衔接成美文(注意使用适当的过渡衔接词汇：whats more, however)_One possible version：In some remote districts of Africa, due to the perennial war, some basic necessities of life, such as t

44、owels and soap, are not guaranteed. Personal life security is often threatened. They are in the control of some developed countries, miss out the opportunity of economic development and rely heavily on external help. In recent years, with the help of friendly countries, some regions have achieved po

45、litical independence, have made use of every opportunity to attract investment and have occupied themselves with economic development. Whats more, they have also increased the education, equipping themselves with advanced technology. However, it seems that they have a long way to go before they are

46、really strong.提能训练三读后续写26用形容词和副词增加细节描述.翻译实践(表示后悔)普通表达：她很后悔。She felt regretful. 概括描述：用适当的副词修饰形容词She felt terribly/extremely regretful.细节描述：增加后悔的原因和表现句型后悔的表现：内心煎熬等句型：比喻像火、虚拟语气她现在只能感到心中的遗憾在燃烧。She now could do nothing but feel_the_regret_burning_in_her_heart她一直在想她不该偷钱包。否则，事情会变得不同。She kept thinking she s

47、houldnt_have_stolen_the_wallet. Otherwise, things would turn out differently.迷你语料库修辞(figure of speech)明喻(simile)1China is like a red sun rising in the east.2He got out of the water as fast as lightning and climbed up a tree.3She spoke hurriedly, as if her heart had leaped in her throat.4His beard wa

48、s like a bears cheeks.5My heart is like a singing bird.A卷小题夯基练.语境填词1Even if the cost of studying abroad is high, many parents tend to believe an overseas education is a good investment(投资)2Im happy to inform you that you have been promoted(提升) to captain.3It is difficult to obtain reliable(可靠的) evid

49、ence and the trial to the suspect will be delayed.4Not all parts of the interior of Australia are easily accessible(接近) because it is very hot and not many people live there.5Most of her spare time occupied(占据), she still kept on her research in the library.6Greatly motivated(鼓舞) by his words, we ha

50、ve determined to study hard.7Since all the examination rooms have been equipped(配备) with cameras, you had better give up the plan of cheating in the examination.8Several districts(地区) in Shanghai have brought regulations asking government officials and leaders to stop smoking in public into force.9I

51、 am happy to clarify(澄清) any points that are still unclear.10Please bring your swimming suit as well as your towel(毛巾).词形转换和动词的形式变换(用所给词的正确形式填空)1Jack is an intelligent pupil, but he lacks motivation(motivate)2While waiting for the opportunity to get promoted(promote), Henry did his best to perform h

52、is duty.3With the development of tourism, security(secure) is becoming a key point tourists concern about.4(2020江苏卷)The question of what we know and do not know constantly(constant) bothered me.5Please do not hesitate to contact us for any further clarification(clarify). We look forward to doing bus

53、iness with you.6(2018江苏卷)Investment(invest) in arts could produce potential positive economic results.固定用法和搭配(在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式)1Dont miss out your brother when you send round the invitations.2In contrast to that in the city, time seems to go by slower.3(2020全国卷)We all want it.to accept and l

54、ove ourselves. But at times it_seems too difficult and too far out of reach.4Cindy switched off the light as there were no other students in the classroom.5In the rest of the city, shelter and access to food and clean water are big problems.6The Internet makes the outside world easy for people to_le

55、arn(learn) about.7You could have taught a person to do a better job, or motivated him to_do(do) better.8You may rely on it that the work will be finished ahead of time.9I think it isnt appropriate for you to attend the party in such a casual coat.完成句子/句型转换/一句多译1如果有必要的话，我将和你一起去参加音乐会。 I will go with y

56、ou to participate in the concert if_necessary2A student sat in front of the classroom, reading.In_front_of_the_classroom_sat_a_student,_reading.(改为倒装句)3He seems to have come to terms with losing his sight. It_seems_that he has come to terms with losing his sight.(改为复合句)4当我进来的时候，学生们正忙着做作业。(1)When I c

57、ame in, the students were_occupied_with/(in)_doing their homework.(occupied)(2)When I came in, the students occupied_themselves_with/(in)_doing their homework.(occupy)(3)When I came in, the students were_busy_with/(in)_doing their homework.(busy)5我们学校的每一个寄宿生都可以使用新图书馆。(1)Our new school library is_acc

58、essible_to every boarder in our school.(accessible)(2)Every boarder in our school has/gets/obtains/gains_access_to our new school library.(access)B卷大题提能练.阅读理解A(2021北京房山区二模)Every day on her walk to school, Khloe Thompson, a nineyearold girl, kept noticing the same homeless people and couldnt help but

59、 feel troubled. She kept asking her mom why or how they were there, and at the end of the conversation she always wondered, “What can I do to help？” Seeing these struggling individuals in her community, Khloe made a resolution to create her own charity devoted to improving the lives of local homeles

60、s people. After Khloe made the decision firmly, she quickly began to effect change in the homeless community, raising spirits while lending some muchneeded assistance to those living on the street.“No dream is too small or too big！” writes Khloe on her GoFundMe page, which was set up by Khloe and he

61、r mom Alisha and has raised $14，000 in the two months since it was established, exceeding its original $10，000 goal. “Any funds raised on this page will go toward our charity filing fees and any future volunteer projects. The more we raise, the more people we can help！”The charity, called Khloe Kare

62、s, is a community serviceoriented organization that plans different projects to give some assistance to those in need. Khloes first project was Kare Bags, which are intended to help the homeless. “I like to give them a nice sturdy bag that they can have forever，” says Khloe, “Sometimes they give me

63、hugs and then they say thank you.”“As a parent, youre going to be concerned about her walking up to random strangers，” says Alisha, who accompanies Khloe when she hands out her Kare Bags. After seeing peoples positive reactions, she said, “People really warm up to her quickly.”As Khloe strives to he

64、lp those near her, homelessness has become an increasingly pressing issue. For Khloe, Kare Bags are just the beginning. She is currently planning a toy drive for kids living in group homes, which will take place in July. She has collected about $1，000 worth of toys to give out, and additional volunt

65、ary gifts will go towards The Raise Foundation of Orange County, whose goal is to stop child abuse and neglect.【解题导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了科勒为了帮助改善当地无家可归者的生活，建立了慈善机构，并筹集资金，开展不同的项目来帮助那些需要帮助的人。1Khloe created her own charity to _Acollect money for childrens toysBhelp homeless people of the local areaCprotect

66、 more children from abuse and neglectDimprove the living condition of the communityB解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Khloe made a resolution to create her own charity devoted to improving the lives of local homeless people(科勒决定创立自己的慈善机构，致力于改善当地无家可归者的生活。)”可知，科勒创立自己的慈善机构的目的是帮助当地无家可归的人。故选B。2From the passage, we can kn

67、ow that GoFundMe page _Ais a community serviceoriented organizationBwas set up by Khloe and some local volunteersCplans different projects to help those people in needDraises funds for filing fees and future volunteer projectsD解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Any funds raised on this page will go toward our charity

68、 filing fees and any future volunteer projects.”可知，科勒和她的妈妈艾莉莎创建GoFundMe网页来筹集的资金，这些资金将用于慈善申请费用和未来的志愿者项目。故选D。3Which of the following words can best describe Khole?ADevoted and openminded.BHumorous and strongwilled.CDetermined and warmhearted.DKnowledgeable and hardworking.C解析：推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Khloe made

69、a resolution to create her own charity devoted to improving the lives of local homeless people”和“Khloe made the decision firmly”可知，科勒决心创立自己的慈善机构，致力于改善当地无家可归者的生活，并且是很坚定地做出这个决定。由此可推知，科勒是个很热心、又有决心的人。故选C。4Which of the following can be the best title?ANo Life Is EasyBThe Road to SuccessCThe Power of Volu

70、nteersDLend a Hand to StrangersD解析：标题归纳题。根据文中的“improving the lives of local homeless people”“give some assistance to those in need”“help the homeless”可知，科勒建立了慈善机构是为了帮助改善当地无家可归人的生活；她创建了GoFundMe网页，筹集资金，以帮助更多的人。通读全文，文章是关于科勒是如何帮助当地的人的。因此文章的标题应该是“帮助陌生人”。故选D。B(2021宁波效实中学一模)What inspires kids to be creativ

71、e and pursue academic excellence? Some teachers use rewards in recognition of students effort or achievement, giving them prizes, medals, certificates, or money.Psychologists take opposite views of how external rewards, from warm praise to cold cash, affect motivation and creativity. Behaviorists, w

72、ho study the relation between actions and their consequences, argue that rewards can improve performance at work and school. Cognitive researchers, who study various aspects of mental life, believe that rewards often destroy creativity by encouraging dependence on approval and gifts from others.The

73、latter view has gained many supporters, especially among educators. But the careful use of small monetary(金钱的) rewards sparks creativity in primary school children, suggesting that properly given stimuli(刺激) indeed encourage creativity, according to a study in the June Journal of Personality and Soc

74、ial Psychology.“If kids know theyre working for a reward and can focus on a relatively challenging task, they show the most creativity，” says Robert Eisenberger of the University of Delaware in Newark. “But its easy to kill creativity by giving rewards for poor performance or creating too much desir

75、e for rewards.”A teacher who continually draws attention to rewards or who hands out high grades for ordinary achievement ends up with students lacking in creativity and motivation, Eisenberger says. As an example of the latter point, he particularly mentions growing efforts to tighten grading stand

76、ards and adopt failing grades at major universities.In earlier grades, the use of rewarding system, in which students handle challenging problems and receive performancebased points toward valued rewards, shows promise in raising effort and creativity, Eisenberger claims.【解题导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要说明了心理学家对外

77、部奖励对学生成绩的影响的态度有分歧。而教育工作者则认为适当的外部奖励刺激确实能激发创造力，但是如果给予表现不好的学生奖励则可能会扼杀创造力。5Psychologists are divided in their attitudes toward _Athe choice between spiritual encouragement and monetary rewardsBthe amount of monetary rewards for students creativityCthe relationship between actions and their consequencesD

78、the effects of external rewards on students performanceD解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Psychologists take opposite views of how external rewards, from warm praise to cold cash, affect motivation and creativity.”可知，心理学家对外部奖励对学生成绩的影响的态度有分歧。故选D。6Which of the following does NOT belong to examples of “external rewards

79、”？ATom received a certificate for winning a speech competition.BMary was praised by the teacher for making progress in English.CJacky made great efforts to enter a major university.DJohn was offered a free summer camp due to his hard work.C解析：推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Psychologists take opposite views of how ex

80、ternal rewards, from warm praise to cold cash, affect motivation and creativity.”可知，外部奖励包括表扬到现金。C项“杰克努力进入一所重点大学。”不属于“外部奖励”的例子。故选C。7Which of the following can best raise students creativity according to Robert Eisenberger?AAssigning them tasks they have not dealt with before.BAssigning them tasks whi

81、ch require creativity.CGiving them rewards they really deserve.DGiving them rewards they hope for.C解析：推理判断题。根据第四段内容可知，孩子们在为了获得奖赏而从事一项具有挑战性的工作时创造力最强，而如果对那些表现不好的学生也给予奖赏则会扼杀创造力，可见罗博特艾森伯格的观点是给他们应得的奖励。故选C。8It can be inferred from the passage that major universities are trying to tighten their grading sta

82、ndards because they think _Arewarding poor performance may kill the creativity of studentsBpunishing students is more effective than rewarding themCfailing unmotivated students helps improve their academic standardsDdiscouraging students expectation of easy rewards is importantA解析：推理判断题。根据第四段中的“But

83、its easy to kill creativity by giving rewards for poor performance or creating too much desire for rewards.”可知，如果一个老师对表现不好的学生也给予奖赏就会导致学生缺乏创造力。由此可以推断，各个重点大学正试图提高他们的评分标准，是因为他们认为奖励不好的表现可能会扼杀学生的创造力。故选A。.完形填空(2021山东高青一中考前模拟)I suffered from Aspergers at my childhood. One of the biggest _1_ I faced was com

84、municating with others. I was shy but I loved to read and recite facts. This sometimes made me a _2_ for bullies (欺凌). I didnt really understand as much about the disease or how it _3_ my life.When I was in my 20s, I _4_ to Paris. I was deeply attracted by the city, and I _5_ a job in a big hotel ri

85、ght then. As an Eiffel Tower ambassador, I _6_ guests and visitors as they took the lift to the top of the hotels 46story where I liked to _7_ the local attractions and helped people find the best _8_ for taking photos. At first, I had a problem with changes in everyday life, _9_ when talking with p

86、eople who were different from me. But I liked to memorize facts, and that really _10_ in my job because people loved to learn all of the interesting things about the city. Every day when I clocked in, I felt its time for me to perform for and _11_ the guests. I loved it when I learnt something new b

87、ecause I couldnt _12_ to share the information with others.Everyone is _13_， and everyone has a gift. It takes me more than 50 years to _14_ that I am different. Just be yourself, be kind, and try to make a _15_ in your life.【解题导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者患有阿斯伯格综合征，使自己很难和他人交流。但随着年龄的增长，作者悟出在生活中每个人要活出自己的风采。1

88、A.decisionsBchallengesCconflicts DchangesB解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：我面临的最大挑战之一就是与他人交流。decision意为“决定”，challenge意为“挑战”，conflict意为“冲突”，change意为“改变”。作者患有阿斯伯格综合征，因此在日常生活中会有很多挑战。故选B。2A.victory BdesignCmemory DtargetD解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：有时这使我成了欺凌者的目标。victory意为“胜利”，design意为“设计”，memory意为“记忆”，target意为“目标”。作者在与人交流方面存在困难，但是拥有很

89、好的阅读和背诵的技能，有些人会产生嫉妒，因此而欺凌作者，即作者成了他人攻击欺凌的目标。故选D。3A.reflected BimprovedCaffected DforgotC解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：我对这种疾病或疾病如何影响我的生活并不太了解。reflect意为“反射”，improve意为“改进”，affect意为“影响”，forget意为“忘记”。作者不太了解这种病，即作者并不清楚这种病会怎样影响到自己的生活。故选C。4A.moved BescapedCrushed DgatheredA解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：我20多岁的时候，我搬家去了巴黎。move意为“搬家”，escape意

90、为“逃跑”，rush意为“奔跑”，gather意为“聚集”。由下文的内容可知，作者来到巴黎后喜欢上了这个城市，因此可知作者搬到巴黎生活了。move to意为“搬到某地”。故选A。5A.prepared for Bput awayCapplied for Dturned downC解析：考查动词短语辨析。句意：我被这座城市深深吸引，然后我申请了一家大酒店的工作。prepare for意为“为做准备”，put away意为“收起来”，apply for意为“申请”，turn down意为“拒绝、调低”。由下一句可知，作者成了埃菲尔铁塔的大使，因此apply for a job(申请一份工作)合乎语

91、境。故选C。6A.drove BdirectedCsent DaccompaniedD解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：作为埃菲尔铁塔的大使，我陪伴着客人和游客们乘电梯到酒店顶部的46层，在那里我喜欢介绍当地景点并帮助人们找到最佳的拍照地点。drive意为“驾驶”，direct意为“指导”，send意为“发送”，accompany意为“陪伴”。由下文可知，作为埃菲尔铁塔的大使，相当于导游，因此要陪同游客照相并讲述与铁塔相关的故事。故选D。7A.introduce BidentifyCconsider DconnectA解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：作为埃菲尔铁塔的大使，我陪伴着客人和游客们乘电梯到

92、酒店顶部的46层，在那里我喜欢介绍当地景点并帮助人们找到最佳的拍照地点。introduce意为“介绍”，identify意为“确认”，consider意为“考虑”，connect意为“连接”。由上一题的分析可知，作者作为埃菲尔铁塔的大使，相当于导游，因此要陪同游客照相走到塔顶来介绍当地的景点。故选A。8A.advertisements BspotsCreasons DhabitsB解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：作为埃菲尔铁塔的大使，我陪伴着客人和游客们乘电梯到酒店顶部的46层，在那里我喜欢介绍当地景点并帮助人们找到最佳的拍照地点。advertisement意为“广告”，spot意为“地点”，r

93、eason意为“原因”，habit意为“习惯”。游客照相，因此需要找到最佳拍摄地点。故选B。9A.chiefly BpersonallyCspecially DespeciallyD解析：考查副词词义辨析。句意：起初，我在日常生活中面对一些变化遇到了问题，特别是在与我不同的人交谈时。chiefly意为“主要地”，personally意为“私人地”，specially意为“专门地”，especially意为“尤其”。空格处所在的句子是在着重举例子说明作者生活中面临的一些变化。故选D。10A.favored BtreatedChelped DrelaxedC解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：但是我喜欢

94、记住事实，这确实对我的工作有所帮助，因为人们喜欢了解有关这座城市的所有有趣的事情。favor意为“支持”，treat意为“对待”，help意为“帮助”，relax意为“放松”。人们喜欢听作者讲故事，因此作者喜欢记忆一些东西这件事在工作中帮助了自己。故选C。11A.entertain BtrustChire DeducateA解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：每天，当我打卡上班时，我觉得这是我为宾客表演和招待的时间了。entertain意为“招待”，trust意为“信任”，hire意为“雇用”，educate意为“教育”。根据perform for可知，作者为人们讲故事时是在为人们展示着自己，同时也

95、是在招揽游客。故选A。12A.stop BworkCwait DfollowC解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：我喜欢学习新东西，因为我迫不及待地想与他人分享信息。stop意为“停止”，work意为“工作”，wait意为“等候”，follow意为“跟随”。作者喜欢为人们讲故事，因此在知道新东西后，作者便迫不及待地要分享给游客。故选C。13A.difficult BterribleCbright DuniqueD解析：考查形容词词义辨析。句意：每个人都是独一无二的，每个人都有属于自己的才能。difficult意为“困难的”，terrible意为“可怕的”，bright意为“明亮的”，unique意为

96、“独一无二的”。由下文的“I am different”可知，每一个人包括作者都是独一无二的。故选D。14A.recognize BrealizeCwonder DadmitB解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：我花了五十多年的时间才意识到我与众不同。recognize意为“认出”，realize意为“意识到”，wonder意为“想知道”，admit意为“承认”。空后及下文内容讲的是作者多年以后意识到的东西，是作者的人生感受。故选B。15A.difference BpromiseCchoice DsacrificeA解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：做好自己，要善良，努力使自己的生活与众不同。diffe

97、rence意为“不同”，promise意为“承诺”，choice意为“决定”，sacrifice意为“牺牲”。make a difference有影响，有关系。在文中可以理解为“与众不同”，即每一个人都是不同的，因此在生活中要活出自己的风采。故选A。.语法填空I once made a serious mistake in my life and I will never forget it. My deskmate is a boy from the countryside, and he always admires my fluent English very much and I us

98、ually feel 1._(encourage) by his compliments(赞美)One day, 2._ we learned the new word “eccentric” in class, we 3._(ask) to make a sentence with it. I volunteered to do it by saying“My deskmate is an eccentric boy 4._ clothes never fit him.” Hearing this, the whole class burst into 5._(laugh) and my d

99、eskmates face turned red.6._ class, I learned from the teacher that my deskmate 7._(drop) out of school if he hadnt been helped by others. My mindless words must have hurt him 8._(deep)Not until then did I realize that words could be powerful 9._ both positive and negative ways. What we should alway

100、s remember is that we should try our best not 10._ (hurt) others if we cant always be encouraging when we speak.【解题导语】本文主要讲述了作者在人生中犯了一个严重的错误，一句无心的话语深深地伤害了他的同桌的故事。1encouraged解析：考查形容词。feel为系动词，后跟形容词，故填encouraged。2when解析：考查从属连词。分析句子及上下文语境可知，所填词引导时间状语从句，故填when。3were asked解析：考查动词的语态和时态。我们是被要求用eccentric造句

101、，所以应用被动语态，又因事情发生在过去，故用一般过去时的被动语态。4whose解析：考查关系代词。所填词引导定语从句，并表示所属关系，故用whose。5laughter解析：考查名词。burst into laughter意为“放声大笑”，为固定搭配。6. After解析：考查介词。此处指“下课后”，after class为固定表达。7would have dropped解析：考查虚拟语气。从if he hadnt been helped by others可知，此处是过去时的条件句中的虚拟语气，主句谓语为“would/should/might/could have过去分词”，从句用“had过去分词”。8deeply解析：考查副词。此处意为：我无心的话语一定深深地伤害了他。deep作副词指具体事物的深度，修饰带有感情色彩的动词通常用deeply。9in解析：考查介词。表示“通过某种方式”通常用in.way。10to hurt解析：考查动词不定式。try ones best to do sth.意为“尽某人最大的努力做某事”，为固定用法。