新概念英语第二册笔记-第51课.doc

1、Lesson 51 Reward for Virtue 对美德的奖赏【New words and expressions】（10） reward n. 报偿 virtue n. 美德diet n. 节食 forbid v. 禁止forbadeforbiddenhurriedly adv. 匆忙地 embarrass v. 使尴尬guiltily adv. 内疚地 strict adj. 严格的reward v. 给奖赏 occasionally adv. 偶尔地一單詞講解： reward n. 报偿同義詞compensate, pay, remunerate, award反義詞punish,

2、punishment 變化形 名複rewards變化形 動變rewardedrewardedrewarding（1） n. 報酬、獎賞、酬謝、賞金eg：He received a medal in reward for his bravery. 他因表現勇敢而獲得了一枚獎章.eg：A 10-million reward has been offered for the capture of Bin Laden . 懸賞一千萬美元捉拿賓拉登。eg：He worked hard without（any） hope of reward . 他辛勤工作,但卻不期待得到報酬。（2） v. 給予報酬，酬謝

3、，報答eg：Is this how you reward me for my help ？你就這樣報答我對你的幫助嗎? eg：You will be fully rewarded with all your efforts . 你所有的努力都將得到充分的回報。eg：I will reward you later . 以後我會報答你。rewarding adj. 報酬的, 有益的, 值得的a rewarding experience一次富有價值的經歷 virtue n. 美德同義詞goodness, righteousness, morality 變化形 名複virtues（1） 美德、善、清高

4、（反意詞 ：vice 惡行，缺德行為）a man of virtue有德之人eg：Honesty is a virtue . 誠實是一種美德。 lead a life of virtue 過高尚的生活 eg：Virtue is its own reward . (諺)做好事即樂在其中. eg：All of the virtues get here . 全聚德（2） 優點、長處eg：The big class has the virtue of making more friends . 大量的美德使能交更多的朋友。eg：My room has virtue of being warm even

5、 in winter . 我的房間有個好處即使是冬天也很溫暖。virtual adj. v:tjul 實質的, 實際上的eg：Our deputy manager is the virtual head of the business .我們的副經理是公司的實際負責人. diet n. 节食同義詞food and drink, food, foodstuffs, victuals變化形 名複diets 變化形 動變dieteddieteddieting（1） 節食 go on a diet be on a diet 實行節食lose weight 減重 put on weight gain w

6、eight 增胖（2）（日常的） 飲食a balanced diet 均衡的飲食 ； diet sheet（病人的） 規定食譜 forbid v. 禁止, 不許O1O2+v-ing.同義詞prohibit, disallow, bar, ban 反義詞permit, allowforbid forbade forbiddenforbiddingforbid +n. / doing eg：Who can forbid our marriage ？誰可以禁止我們的婚姻？eg：Smoking is forbidden in this building . 在這幢樓裡吸煙是被禁止。forbid sb

7、禁止某人.eg：If you want to go , I cant forbid you . 如果你想去，我不能阻止你。eg：He didnt like his daughters boy friend , and forbade him into the house . 他不喜歡他女兒的男朋友，並禁止他進了屋。forbid sb to do . 禁止某人做某事eg：My father forbad me to watch television . 我的父親就禁止我看電視。eg：It is forbidden to smoke in this room .（No Smoking） 在這個房間

8、禁止吸煙。forbidden adj.（被） 禁止的forbidden fruit 禁果;非法的歡愉forbidden ground 禁區、必須避免的問題、犯忌諱的問題the Forbidden City 故宮, 紫禁城eg：God forbid that we should have class tomorrow.上帝保佑，我們明天不用上課。 hurriedly adv. 匆忙地、草率地hurried adj. 倉促的, 慌忙的 ； a hurried trip 匆忙之旅a hurried meal 匆忙吃了頓飯 hurriedly adv. hridli匆忙地 ； speak hurrie

9、dly 匆促地講hurry v.匆忙, 催促, 趕緊 eg：Dont hurry . 不要急。eg：Hurry up . 快點eg：With this , the woman hurried away / off . 說完了，該女子匆匆離去。eg：He hurried home . 他匆匆趕回家。eg：He hurried to school . 他急忙趕到學校。hurry to + 地點 ：匆忙趕到某地eg：He hurried back to his office . 他急忙趕回他的辦公室。eg：They hurried into the car . 他們急忙上車。 embarrass v

10、. 使窘; 使不好意思, 使侷促不安H(.同義詞disconcert, discomfit, abash, confound變化形 動變embarrassedembarrassedembarrassingembarrass sb 使某人難堪eg：Your sharp words embarrassed him a lot . 你尖酸的話令他很難堪。eg：Are you trying to embarrass me ？ 你想要我難堪？eg：Dont embarrass them by asking / with personal questions . 不要問他們令人難堪的個人問題。eg：She

11、 was embarrassed by his loud laughter . 他的大笑令她感到尷尬。embarrassing adj. 令人困惑的、難堪、尷尬的embarrassed adj. 感到困惑的、難堪、尷尬的eg：It was obvious that he was very embarrassed .顯然他感到很窘。financially embarrassed short of money囊中羞澀、經濟受窘embarrassment imbrsmnt n.窘迫；困惑；為難an embarrassment of riches 好東西太多而難以選擇東西多得令人為難；財富多得成了累贅

12、blush in embarrassment 因難為情而臉紅 區別 ：embassy embsi n.大館；大使館全體成員 guiltily adv. 内疚地（1） 責任、罪行、罪狀eg：Guilt was written all over her face . 她的罪過都寫在臉上了；她在臉上寫滿了內疚。establish the suspects guilt証實嫌疑犯有罪eg：He denied his guilt . 他否認自己有罪。eg：He confessed his guilt . 他承認自己有罪。（2） 不安、內疚 feeling of guilt 內疚感、罪悪感、罪意識guilt

13、y gilti adj.有罪的, 內疚的guiltless （innocent , clear）giltlis adj. 不熟悉 . 的, 無罪的eg：I feel guilty about cutting classes . 曠課我感到內疚。eg：I feel guilty because I have no money to lend you .因為我沒有錢借給你感到內疚。eg：Not guilty . 裁決某人 無罪.eg：The boys were guilty of theft . 男孩子們犯了盜竊罪。guiltily adv. eg：She smiled guiltily as s

14、he saw me . 當她看見我時她尷尬地笑。 strict adj. 严格的、嚴厲的(+with)同義詞harsh, exact, precise, rigorous反義詞lenient, loose, lax 變化形 形變stricterstrictest（1） adj. 嚴格地、嚴厲的be strict with sb 對某人嚴厲 be strict in sb 對某人嚴厲 be strict in ones work / study 對 工作/學習 嚴格eg：First of all , you must be strict with yourself .首先，你必須嚴格要求自己。a

15、 strict teacher一位嚴格的老師 ； strict rules 嚴格的規定（2）adj. 嚴密地、正確地the strict truth 確鑿的事實 、絕對真實in the strict sense 嚴格說來strictly striktli adv.嚴格地, 完全地eg：Strictly speaking , you are not fit for your job .嚴格來說，你是不適合這份工作。eg：Smoking is strictly prohibited . 嚴禁吸煙、吸菸被嚴格地禁止。 occasionally adv. 偶尔地、偶爾, 間或同義詞sometimes,

16、 now and then, once in a whileadv. now and then , at times 偶而地eg：I occasionally go to the movies with him . 我偶爾和他去看電影。occasional adj. 偶而的occasional visits 偶爾的拜訪eg：Well have occasional snow during the night . 晚上偶而會下一陣雪。occasion kein n.時刻，場合；盛會；時機；起因 vt.引起on one occasion一次 , on another occasion 另一次on

17、this / that occasion 在 這種/那種 場合eg：Its always the same on this kind of occasions . 在這種場合總是這樣的。eg：He has had few occasions to speak French . 他很少有機會講法語。二Key structures： 一般过去时一般過去時：表過去某時發生的動作或處於的狀態，通常表過去的時間狀語連用，（也可通過上、下文體現時間） 。eg：I got on the bus and sat down.Eg：The magazine I ordered was sent to the wr

18、ong address .eg：A fire broke out in our town recently and a large factory was burnt to the ground .burnt to the ground 徹底燒毀注意動詞不規則過去式、過去分詞eat ate eaten ； wear wore wornwin won won ； fall fell fallenbeat bi:t vt.打；戰勝 vi.跳動 n.跳動(聲)；節拍 beat beatenforbid fbid vt.不許，禁止 forbade forbiddenlose lost lost ； b

19、reak broke brokenhide hid hidden ； ring 打電話 rang rung burn burnt / burned burnt / burnedlead led ledrise vi.升起；起立(床)；上漲 n.上漲；升高 rose risenlie laivi.躺，平放；位於；伸展；說謊 n.謊話 lay lain lay lei v.置放；鋪；產(蛋，卵)；設置；主張 laid laid creep kri:pvi.爬行，匍匐；躡手躡足地走，緩慢地行進 crept crept leap li:pvi.跳；沖 vt.躍過 n.跳躍；激增，驟變 leapt le

20、apt tear ti, ten.眼淚；破洞，裂口 v.撕(裂)，被撕破 tore tornExercise： I was （be） glad to get your letter . How did you like （like） their performance？ Who put （put） forward this suggestion ？ Yesterday I paid （pay） him a visit . Everybody rose （rise起立） when he entered （enter） the room .【Text】Why did Hughs diet not

21、work?My friend, Hugh, has always been fat, but things got so bad recently that he decided to go on a diet. He began his diet a week ago. First of all, he wrote out a long list of all the foods which were forbidden. The list included most of the things Hugh loves: butter, potatoes, rice, beer, milk,

22、chocolate; and sweets. Yesterday I paid him a visit. I rang the bell and was not surprised to see that Hugh was still as fat as ever. He led me into his room and hurriedly hid a large parcel under his desk. It was obvious that he was very embarrassed. When I asked him what he was doing, he smiled gu

23、iltily and then put the parcel on the desk. He explained that his diet was so strict that he had to reward himself occasionally. Then he showed me the contents of the parcel. It contained five large bars of chocolate and three bags of sweets!三課文講解： My friend, Hugh, has always been fat, but things go

24、t so bad recently that he decided to go on a diet. 我的朋友休一直很胖, 但是近来情况变得越发糟糕, 以致他决定节食. so that 如此以致；結果使，以致eg：Its so cold that the pond has frozen.eg：I ran so fast that Id got a pain in my side.so as to do 到做某事的程度eg：She was so kind as to help the old lady off the bus . decide to do sth 決定做某事 go on a di

25、et 節食 He began his diet a week ago. First of all, he wrote out a long list of all the foods which were forbidden. 他是一星期前开始节食的. 首先, 他开列了一张长长的单子, 上面列了所有禁吃的食物. first of all 首先eg：First of all she just smiled , and then she started to laugh .最初她只是微笑,後來才放聲大笑. write out 全部寫出 a list of 一張的清單 、一份名單list n.put

26、 a persons name on the list 把列入名單take a persons name off the list 把除名draw up list of members 編造會員名單list price n. 訂價, 價目表所列之價格、標價 v.eg：My name is not listed in the telephone directory .我的名字沒有被列在電話簿裡The list included most of the things Hugh loves: butter, potatoes, rice, beer, milk, chocolate; and swe

27、ets. 这张单子上的大多数食物都是休喜欢吃的 : 黄油、土豆、米饭、啤酒、牛奶、巧克力和糖果. include v. 包括，把.列入（算入） （做為整體的一部分），它的主語可能是人或物，在意義上與 put in 相似 。eg：I included eggs in the list of things to buy . 我將蛋列入了要買的物品單eg：Your duties include making the tea. 你的任務包括泡茶eg：Am I included in the team ？我屬於對裡嗎？contain 包含，容納，.的裡面有或裝著，始終表示在某個容器或物體之內，通常與 t

28、here is / are in 的結構互換，不能用進行時 。eg：That box contains old letters. There are old letters in that box .eg：He included a lot of funny stories in his speech . His speech contained a lot of funny stories .eg：The rocket contains a number of scientific instruments , including a television camera.火箭包含一些科學儀器，

29、其中包括電視攝像機 potatoes , sweets 可數名詞 Yesterday I paid him a visit.昨天我去看望了他.pay sb a visit visit sb pay attention toeg：You should pay attention to what your parents say.pay for 補償，受的報應eg：Youll have to pay for your selfishness some day .有一天你將會為你的的自私付出代價 為.付款eg：Now you can pay for my dinner . 現在你可以替我付飯錢了pa

30、y back 償還，還錢給(某人)；回報，向報複eg：He paid back his debts. 他償還了借款 I rang the bell and was not surprised to see that Hugh was still as fat as ever.我按响了门铃. 当看到休仍和往常一样胖时, 我并不感到惊奇.ring vi. / vt. eg：The telephone rang just now .（vi.） eg：I rang the bell.（vt.） as fat as ever 原句 ： as fat as he ever was 狀語從句 He led

31、me into his room and hurriedly hid a large parcel under his desk. 他把我领进屋, 慌忙把一个大包藏到了桌子下面.lead v. show the way , especially by going in front 給.指路 ，領路eg：He led / showed the guest into his study .eg：Ill show you around . 我會帶你四處看看It was obvious that he was very embarrassed. When I asked him what he was

32、 doing, he smiled guiltily and then put the parcel on the desk. 显然他感到很尴尬. 当我问他正干什么时, 他内疚地笑了, 然后把那个大包拿到了桌上.He explained that his diet was so strict that he had to reward himself occasionally. 他解释说, 他的饮食控制得太严格了, 以致不得不偶尔奖赏自己一下. so that 如此以致；結果使，以致Then he showed me the contents of the parcel. 接着他给我看了包里的

33、东西.showeg：He showed me his photographs.eg：You must show your ticket at the barrier. 必須在檢票處出示票. barrier bri n.柵欄，關卡，檢票口；障礙，隔閡；屏障It contained five large bars of chocolate and three bags of sweets!里面装了5大块巧克力和3袋糖果! bar n. 條a bar of chocolatea bar of soap n. 一塊肥皂a bar of red across the western sky 日落時,西邊

34、天空有一道紅暉 酒吧 ： barmaid n. 酒吧女招待, 酒吧女服務員barman bartender n. 酒吧的侍者;酒保、調酒師；酒吧男服務員 （法庭上將法官囚犯，律師等與聽眾隔開的） 欄杆behind bars 在獄中不可數名詞，表示”一個”概念時，需加”a bar of “ 類似的定語：a piece of news 一條新聞 ； an item of news一則消息 、一條新聞a piece of work 一份工作 ； a burst of applause 一陣掌聲 burst b:st vt.使爆裂 vi.爆炸；擠滿 n.爆炸；爆發 applause pl:z n.鼓掌

35、，掌聲a fit of anger 陣憤怒 fit fit adj. 適宜的, 健壯的 v. 適合, 安裝 n. 適宜, 發作an item of truth 一點真相 ； an article of clothing 一件衣服 article :tik()l n.物件；文章，論文；條款;冠詞a grain of rice 一粒米 grain grein n.穀物；穀粒，顆粒，細粒；少量，微量a lump of sugar n. 一塊方糖 lump lmp n.小方塊，(腫)塊 vt.歸在一起 vi.結塊 sweet （Br.）【英】(餐後的)甜點UC、甘食物菓子、 dessert（Am.）

36、eg：I dont want any sweet . 我不要甜點sweets 【英】糖果P candy（Am.） eg：Please help yourself to some sweets . reward for virtue 對美德的獎賞四Special Difficulties：1、raise及物动词 / rise : 不及物动词, 不能加宾语 : 它们的区别不在于意思, 而在于词性eg：That boy always raises his hand when I ask a question.我問問題時、那男孩總是舉起手eg：That shelf was too low so we

37、raised it few inches .這架太低，因此我們提高了幾英寸eg：Heavy rains have raised the level of the river this year .eg：I always rise at six oclock . 我總是6點起床eg：After the concert , everybody rose and clapped .演唱會結束後，大家起立，鼓掌eg： The sun has just risen. 太陽剛剛升起。2、lay : 及物动词 / lie不及物动词 : lay the egg / lie in bedeg：Lay those

38、 parcels on the floor , please . 請把那些包放在上eg：Wheres my book ？I laid it on that shelf a moment ago .我的書呢？剛才我把這本書放在書架上了eg：Havent you laid the table yet ？還沒把桌子擺好嗎？eg：Its nice to get up in the morning , but its nicer to lie in bed .eg：I lay in bed till 10 oclock last Sunday morning .eg：The children are p

39、laying a game . Theyve all just lain on the grass.3、beat后面接对手 win不能接对手 : I beat you.eg：Arsenal beat Manchester United last Saturday .上星期六阿森納隊 擊敗 曼聯隊。eg：Arsenal won the game . 阿森納隊贏得了比賽Exercise 练习：Choose the correct verbs in the following sentences:verb v:bn.動詞 选择正确的动词 : 1. Everybody (raised)(rose) w

40、hen he entered the room. 2. I have been (laying)(lying) here for half an hour.3. Mrs. Jones.(laid)(lay).the table before breakfast.4.The airplane (raised)(rose) into the air. 5. Im not very good at chess. He always (wins)(beats) me.6. Did you (win)(beat) or lose?I asked.1. rose 2. lying 3. laid / be

41、fore breakfast. 不能用 “lay” 因为第三人称单数4. rose 5. beats 有对手 6. win 后面没对手五Exercise：1.He smiled guiltily .He felt d .a. guilt n.內疚感；罪 b. guiltily adv. 內疚地c. guiltless a.無罪的；不熟悉的 d. guilty adj.犯罪的, 有罪的, 心虛的2. He was very embarrassed. He felt d .a. shy b. shameful c. hot d. uncomfortablefelt 是feel的过去式 ； 半联系动

42、词 : be动词注意以下三类词 : 感官动词feel, smell(闻起来 : The food smell well.), sound(听起来 : The idea sound good.) get : 变得, become, lieFeel + adjshy adj. : 害羞的(习惯性的, 在某一种情况下就会作出的反应)shame n : 羞愧shameful : 令人羞愧的 : Its shameful.(注意它没有 “-ing” 形式)Ashamed adj. : 感到羞愧的 : I am ashamed.hot热的, 恼火的uncomfortable : 不舒服的, 不放松的com

43、fortable: 一种自在, 轻松, 放松的概念ill 生病 : I feel ill. ；Terrible 糟透了, 不舒服3. He had to reward himself occasionally . He had to reward himself b .a. again and again 再三地，反複不止地b. now and again 不時地、偶而c. once again 再一次d. over and over again 一再地，再三地4. A completely new situation will a when the examination system co

44、mes into existence.a. arise raiz vi.產生，出現；起源於;起身(床)b. rise raiz vi.升起；起立(床)；上漲 n.上漲；升高c. raise rez, reiz vt./ n.舉起；增加；籌集；引起；養育d. arouse rauz vt.引起，激起，喚起；喚醒六Review：1. Key structures：一般過去時：表過去某時發生的動作或處於的狀態2. Main Points：reward sb for 為某事給某人報酬或獎賞 ； go on a diet 節食forbid sb 禁止某人 ； forbid sb to do sth 禁止某人(做某事)it is forbidden to do sth 禁止做某事be embarrassed（by） 因為.感到難為情 pay sb a visit 拜訪某人 、順便訪問某人be strict with sb 對某人嚴厲 ；be strict in sth 嚴於做某事so that 如此以致七補充內容：諺語：1. Jump out of the frying-pan into the fire .剛出虎穴,又入狼窩 、跳出油鍋又落火坑,逃了小難義遭大難。2. Just one of those things . 這是不可避免的事。