2023年新教材高考英语 微专题练习22 语法填空 阅读理解（含解析）.docx

1、练习22语法填空阅读理解.语法填空2022湖南株洲质检说明文191词Acompany, InterstellarLab, believestheyhavecreatedasystemthatcansolvethefoodproblemrelatedtofurtherspaceexploration.Theyhavedevelopedan1._ (advance) systemthatcangrowplantsanywhere, eveninspace.Theycalltheirgreenhousesmanagedbyartificialintelligence (AI) BioPods, wh

2、ich2._ (confirm) tobeverypracticalsofar.Infact, InterstellarLabsaysthatBioPodsreducetheamountoflandandwater3._ (need) toproducefoodby99percent.Thatisnot4._impossiblething.BioPodsdontuseanysoiltogrowplants,5._thevastmajorityofwaterthereisrecycled.PlantsaregrowninsideBioPods, 6._theyfloatintheairandan

3、utrientrichmistissprayedovertheirroots.Inthisway, BioPodscarefullyconservewaterwithamazing7._ (consequence).AccordingtoInterstellarLab, BioPodgrownplantsareupto300timesmoreproductivethan8._ (traditional) grownplants, andatthesametimerequireonlyalittlewater.TheconditionsinsideBioPodsarecontrolledbyAI

4、, whichcanchangeanythingfromthelighting9._thetemperaturetomaximizegrowth.It10._ (optimize) growthconditionswhatevertheenvironmentisoutside, includingtheemptyspace.阅读理解A2022河北衡水联考说明文335词Forthefirsttime, arathaswonaBritishaidgroupstopawardforanimalbravery.Theanimalisbeinghonoredforitsworksearchingoutu

5、nexplodedlandmines (地雷) inCambodia.MagawawasborninTanzaniain2014, andhesalittlebiggerthannormalrats.Magawaandseveralotherratsarepartofthe“Hero Rat”programrunbyagroupcalledAPOPO.Becausetheratsaresolight, thereslittledangerthattheywillcauseaccidentswhileworking.FromayoungagehewastrainedtosniffoutTNT (

6、炸药).Thetrainingnormallytakesaboutayear.Magawasmainjobistosniffoutakindofbomb, knownasalandminewhichishidden, usuallyunderground.InCambodia, whereMagawaworks, landmineswerecommonduringlongperiodsofcivilwar.Since1979, thesemineshavekilledorinjuredover64，000people.Magawaistakenouttoaminefield, whichhec

7、arefullygoesover, sectionbysection.Magawasmaster, Malen, guideshimcarefullyacrossthefieldonaleash (皮带).WhenMagawafindsalandmine, hescratchesatthedirtaboveit, wigwaggingthathesfoundsomething.Becausetheratsworkbysniffing, theyreveryfast.ItonlytakesMagawa30minutestosearchanareaasbigasatenniscourt.Ahuma

8、ndoingthesamejobwouldtakefourdays.MalensaysthatMagawaandhiscolleaguesareveryconfidentinthefield.Heworksquicklyandiseasilyabletomakedecisionsaboutwhethersomethingisadangerornot.Magawaisthestarsnifferofthe“Hero Rat”program.Hesfound39landminesand28bombsthatweredroppedfromplanes, butneverexploded.1Whatm

9、adeMagawajoininthe“Hero Rat”program?AHisbeneficialbirthplace.BHisgreatachievements.CHisstricttraining.DHisbeinglightinweight.2Whatdoestheunderlinedword“wigwagging”meaninParagraph4?ASignaling.BPretending.CRemembering.DAccepting.3WhatcanbeinferredaboutMagawawhenheisworking?AHefindsaminefieldineffectiv

10、ely.BHemakesaccuratejudgments.CHehasotherratsactconfidently.DHespendsmostofhistimediggingdirt.4Whereisthetextprobablytakenfrom?AAtextbook.BAnovel.CAnewspaper.DAdiary.B2022东北摸底考试说明文328词Asweallknow, mostanimalsonlyperformtrickswhengiventreats.However, Kim, theworldsfirstspidertolearnaskill, needsnosti

11、mulus (刺激) todowhatshelovesjumpingtodifferentheightsanddistancesupontheinstructionofateamofscientistsfromtheUniversityofManchester.Whiletheideaoftrainingaspidermightsoundevil, theresearchersmotiveswerepurelyscientific.Theyaretryingtounlockthesecretsbehindthejumpingspidersextraordinarilyhighleapstoca

12、tchprey (猎物) ortoescapetheirenemies.Abetterunderstandingofthespidersleapswouldhelpexpertsdevelopmoreefficientflyingandjumpingrobots.ThescientistsfoundthatKimcouldgatherenoughforceinherlegstojumpmorethansixtimesthelengthofherownbodyfromastationaryposition.Whatwasevenmoreamazingwasthatshealwayslandedp

13、erfectly.Forshorterdistances, Kimusedalotofenergy, resultinginquickleaps, whichtheresearchersbelieveprobablyincreasesherchancesofcatchingfastmovingprey.Thefartherthedistancewas,thelessextraenergywasused, resultinginslowerbutpreciseleaps.Previousstudieshaveindicatedthatspidersuseboththeirmusclesandhy

14、draulic (液压的) pressureamechanismbywhichbloodistransferredtotheirextendedlegstomakethempushofftheground.However, inKimscase, herlegmusclesaloneappearedtobegeneratingenoughforcefortheliftoff.Theresearchersnowintendtodofurtherresearchtocomprehendfullynotjustthespidersjumpingtechnique, butthatofotherins

15、ectsaswell.“Wearefamiliarwithrobotsthatareaimedattakingoverhumanfunctions, buttherearemillionsofinsectsintheworldthatperformspecificfunctionsthatwehaveinterestinandcanbeadaptedforrobotics，”saysNabawy, theleadingengineeroftheresearchingteam.5Whatisthepurposeofscientistsresearchingthejumpingspiders?AT

16、ohavefunandrelax.BTohelpdeveloprobots.CTogetridofspiders.DToprotectthisspecies.6WhydidKimusealotofenergyforshortleaps?ATojumphighenough.BTolandmoreprecisely.CTocatchfastmovingprey.DToincreasechancesofescape.7Whatdoestheunderlinedword“that”inthelastparagraphreferto?AJumpingtechnique.BLegmuscles.CFurt

17、herresearch.DEnergyforliftoff.8Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthispassage?AJumpingTechniquesUsedbyJumpingSpidersBJumpingSpidersInspiredDevelopingRobotsCAnimalsPerformTricksifProvidedWithTreatsDTheWorldsFirstSpiderThatJumpsonDemand黄金考点语法填空时态考点30时态与上下文要一致考例Actually, I_ (start) tolearnkungfuwhenIwassevenyea

18、rsold.点拨根据时间状语从句whenIwassevenyearsold可知，此处是在叙述过去的事情，应用一般过去时，故填started。考点31并列成分前后时态要一致考例Theinstructorkeptrepeatingthewords, “Speedup！”“Slowdown！”“_ (turn) left！”点拨根据前面教练发出的两个指令可知，这三个短句属于并列结构，都是祈使句，谓语动词用原形，所以应填Turn，跟前面的Speed和Slow一致。练习22语法填空阅读理解.语法填空【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了星际实验室公司开发的一种可以在太空中种植植物的生物舱，和传统种植相

19、比，它可以减少土地和水的使用。1答案与解析：advanced考查词性转换。句意为：他们已经开发了一套先进的系统，这套系统可以在任何地方甚至是太空中种植植物。system为名词，其前应用形容词修饰，此处表示“先进的”。故填advanced。2答案与解析：havebeenconfirmed考查动词的时态和语态及主谓一致。句意为：他们把自己(创建)的由人工智能(AI)控制的温室称为“生物舱”，其到目前为止已经被证实是非常实用的。从句主语which指代BioPods，其与confirm之间是被动关系，且时间状语为sofar，所以用现在完成时的被动语态；主语指代复数，故填havebeenconfirme

20、d。3答案与解析：needed考查非谓语动词。句意为：事实上，星际实验室表示，生物舱将生产食物所需的土地和水的数量减少了99%。theamountoflandandwater与need之间为逻辑上的被动关系，应用过去分词作后置定语。故填needed。4答案与解析：an考查冠词。thing意为“事情”时是可数名词，此处泛指“一件事情”，应用不定冠词，且impossible的发音以元音音素开头。故填an。5答案与解析：and考查连词。句意为：生物舱不使用任何土壤来种植植物，而且那里绝大多数的水都是可循环利用的。根据句意可知，前后分句之间是并列关系。故填and。6答案与解析：where考查定语从句。

21、句意为：植物被种植在生物舱内，在那里它们会飘浮在空气中，并且其根部会被喷洒一层富含营养的水雾。此处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为BioPods，关系词在从句中作地点状语。故填where。7答案与解析：consequences考查名词单复数。consequence意为“结果”时为可数名词，且空前没有限定词修饰，应用其复数形式。故填consequences。8答案与解析：traditionally考查词性转换。句意为：根据星际实验室的说法，生物舱种植的植物比用传统方法种植的植物产量最高高300倍，同时只需要一点水。设空处应用副词作状语。故填traditionally。9答案与解析：to考查介词。句

22、意为：生物舱内部的环境是由人工智能控制的，它可以改变从照明到温度的任何条件，以最大限度地促进(植物)生长。固定短语from.to.意为“从到”。故填to。10答案与解析：optimizes考查动词的时态和主谓一致。句意为：无论外部环境是什么，包括空旷的太空，它都能使生长环境达到最优。根据句意可知，此处陈述客观事实，应用一般现在时，且主语It为单数，谓语动词也应用单数形式。故填optimizes。.阅读理解A1答案与解析：D根据第二段最后一句可知，Magawa能够加入该计划的原因是重量轻。2答案与解析：A当Magawa发现地雷时，他会抓上方的泥土，这是找到某物的信号。3答案与解析：B根据最后一段

23、中“He works quickly and is easily able to make decisions about whether something is a danger or not”可知，Magawa判断准确。4答案与解析：C本文介绍了一只非洲鼠因扫雷而荣获奖章，属于新闻时事类，很可能来自于报纸。B【语篇解读】本文是一篇科技类的说明文。研究人员对跳蛛进行了研究，发现它们对于不同的距离会利用不同的策略进行跳跃。科学家们希望研究跳蛛的跳跃方式对研究机器人有所帮助。5答案与解析：B细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句可知，科学家们研究跳蛛跳跃能力的目的在于帮助开发更高效的飞行和跳跃机器人。

24、故选B项。6答案与解析：C细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Forshorterdistances, Kimusedalotofenergy, resultinginquickleaps, whichtheresearchersbelieveprobablyincreasesherchancesofcatchingfastmovingprey.”可知，金用大量的能量进行短距离跳跃是为了捕捉快速移动的猎物。故选C项。7答案与解析：A词义猜测题。根据画线词前半句“The researchers now intend to do further research to comprehend fully not just the spiders jumping technique”可知，此处应表示研究人员不仅要全面了解跳蛛的跳跃技术，还要了解其他昆虫的跳跃技术，因此此处的that指代jumpingtechnique。故选A项。8答案与解析：B主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文介绍了研究人员对跳蛛进行了研究，发现它们对于不同的距离会利用不同的策略进行跳跃。科学家们希望研究跳蛛的跳跃方式对研发机器人有所帮助。由此可知“跳蛛启发研制机器人”适合作本文标题。故选B项。