2022版新高考英语外研版一轮学案：语法专项突破 板块2 第3讲　构词法 WORD版含解析.doc

1、第3讲构词法考点1形容词加ly变为副词的规律1. 一般情况加ly。如：realreally; carefulcarefully; politepolitely; quickquickly2. 以“辅音字母y”结尾的，将y改为i，再加ly。如：angryangrily; busybusily; heavyheavily3. 以ble结尾的，将ble改为bly。如：probableprobably; possiblepossibly4. 部分以“辅音字母e”结尾的词，去掉e再加ly。如：truetruly5. 以ic结尾的，加ally。如：basicbasically；energetic ener

2、getically有的名词ly形容词，如：friendfriendly; daydaily考点2动词/名词变形容词的常见后缀后缀例词ableacceptacceptable可接受的comfortcomfortable舒适的fashionfashionable时髦的almusicmusical音乐的originoriginal最初的personpersonal个人的；私人的fuldoubtdoubtful怀疑的forgetforgetful健忘的harmharmful有害的ibleaccessaccessible容易取得的horrorhorrible可怕的；恐怖的terrorterrible可怕

3、的iveeffecteffective有效的；生效的attractattractive有吸引力的impressimpressive给人深刻印象的ouscontinuecontinuous不断的；持续的anxietyanxious忧虑的curiositycurious好奇的sometiretiresome令人厌倦的troubletroublesome麻烦的ytastetasty美味的；可口的healthhealthy健康的wealthwealthy富裕的；丰富的erneasteastern东方的；向东的ishchildchildish孩子气的foolfoolish愚蠢的；可笑的selfselfi

4、sh自私的icsciencescientific科学的economyeconomic经济的historyhistoric历史上著名的aryimagineimaginary想象中的考点3动词变名词的后缀后缀例词alapproveapproval赞成；批准arrivearrival到来；到达survivesurvival幸存anceenceappearappearance出现；外貌performperformance表演；节目existexistence存在；生存preferpreference偏爱iontionationcompetecompetition比赛；竞争inviteinvitatio

5、n邀请；请柬explainexplanation解释(ss)iondiscussdiscussion讨论；辩论decidedecision决定admitadmission接纳；准许入学inghearhearing听力；听觉beginbeginning开始mentachieveachievement功绩；成就argueargument辩论；论据treattreatment对待；治疗ureturefailfailure失败；没做到presspressure压力mixmixture混合；混合物yrecoverrecovery恢复；痊愈discoverdiscovery发现其他choosechoice

6、选择varyvariety多样化；种类tendtendency趋向；趋势考点4形容词变名词的后缀后缀例词ageshortshortage不足；短缺cyefficientefficiency效率；功效fluentfluency流利；流畅privateprivacy隐私；私密domfreefreedom自由；自在wisewisdom明智；智慧cedifferentdifference差异silentsilence沉默nessweakweakness虚弱；弱点kindkindness仁慈；好意carelesscarelessness粗心大意thstrongstrength力气；强项warmwarmt

7、h温暖；热情ytyitysafesafety安全disabledisability无能；伤残responsibleresponsibility责任考点5表示人的后缀后缀例词erteachteacher老师villagevillager村民strangestranger陌生人(注：cookcooker炉灶，炉具)arlieliar说谎者eeemployemployee受雇者；雇员interviewinterviewee被面试者traintrainee受训练的人；学员orinventinventor发明家actactor男演员educateeducator教育家；教师essactactress女演

8、员hosthostess女主人；女主持人eseChinaChinese中国人JapanJapanese日本人nAmericaAmerican美国人AustraliaAustralian澳洲人ianmusicmusician音乐家historyhistorian历史学家politicspolitician政治家；政客istnovelnovelist小说家specialspecialist专家tourtourist旅行者；观光者antserveservant仆人participateparticipant参加者assistassistant助手；助理考点6表示否定或相反意义的前缀和后缀前/后缀例词

9、前缀disagreedisagree不同意advantagedisadvantage缺点illegalillegal不合法的logicalillogical不合逻辑的impoliteimpolite无礼的patientimpatient不耐烦的informalinformal非正式的convenientinconvenient不方便的irregularirregular不规则的responsibleirresponsible不负责任的misleadmislead误导understandmisunderstand误解nonsmokernonsmoker不吸烟者stopnonstop直达的unus

10、ualunusual不寻常的willingunwilling不愿意的后缀lesshopehopeless绝望的endendless没完没了的考点7变动词的前缀和后缀前/后缀例词前缀enableenable使能够largeenlarge扩大richenrich使充实后缀enbroadbroaden(使)变宽riperipen(使)成熟sharpsharpen使尖锐widewiden加宽ifyclassclassify把分类justjustify证明正确simplesimplify简化izeapologyapologize道歉emphasisemphasize强调考点8ed形容词和ing形容词一些

11、动词，如excite, disappoint, encourage, puzzle, surprise, confuse, interest, satisfy, please, shock, astonish, disturb, bore等，其现在分词和过去分词都能转化为形容词。The story was very moving and we were deeply moved.这个故事非常感人，我们都被深深地感动了。此类形容词作定语修饰表情和声音时，动词的ing形式和动词的ed形式的区别：动词的ing形式用来说明主语的特性，表示该表情或声音令人怎么样，因此译作“令人的”；动词的ed形式用来说

12、明发出该表情或声音的人所处的一种状态。. 单句语法填空1. (2021广东广州名校联考)This green Great Wall, which at its peak during the Qing Dynasty covered thousands of hectares, had by the 1950s, virtually (virtual) disappeared. 2. The novel is written from personal (person)experience.3. The year of 2019 is one of the final stepping sto

13、nes for China to become a moderately (moderate) prosperous society in 2020.4. Its still a useful and pleasant form of communication (communicate)5. It is not surprising (surprise) that young people are likely to burst out, particularly when there are reasons to do so.6. The college years are suppose

14、d to be a time for important growth (grow) in autonomy (自主性) and the development of adult identity.7. We should see failure (fail) as a requirement for moving towards our goals.8. You can live a more powerful (power) life when you devote some of your time and energy to something much larger than you

15、rself.9. Ants are gathering their winter food in the middle of summer and make preparations (prepare) for the long cold winter.10. It is dangerous (danger) for a woman to walk alone at night. 语篇语法填空Are you interested in science? What do you think about selfrepair technology?In the first Terminator m

16、ovie, there is a moment 1. _ the metal machine from the future begins to repair his mechanical (机械的) arm. The ability of nonhuman things to repair themselves is 2. _ (surprise) and leaves a deep 3. _ (impress) on many people. This is perhaps one reason why people began to take 4. _ interest in the r

17、esearch being done by Professor Duncan Wass and his team at the University of Bristol. They have developed a selfrepairing material that could 5. _ (use) to fix the wings and body of aeroplanes.Professor Wass and his team found inspiration in the processes of the human body. As Professor Wass explai

18、ns, “If you cut 6. _ (you) finger, there are mechanisms (结构) that repair that damage. Can we put the selfhealing (自愈) functions that we have in an airplane wing? If you do that, youre not going to repair a huge hole in the airplane wing. What we should be able 7. _ (repair) are the tiny cracks that

19、lead 8. _ the problems later on.”When 9. _ (ask) about other possible applications, Professor Wass says, “Sports equipment or bicycle frames (框架) are 10. _ (general) where you can imagine this being used.” 【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了自我修复技术的应用。1. when考查定语从句。设空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词moment且在从句中作时间状语，故填when。2. surpri

20、sing考查形容词。设空处作表语，说明主语The ability of nonhuman things to repair themselves的特征，故填surprising。3. impression考查名词。leave a deep impression on. 意为“给留下深刻印象”。4. an考查冠词。take an interest in. 意为“对感兴趣”。5. be used考查被动语态。material与use之间是被动关系，且设空处前有情态动词could，故填be used。6. your考查代词。设空处在此作定语，意为“你的”，故填your。7. to repair考查非谓语动词。be able to do sth.意为“能够做某事”。8. to考查固定搭配。lead to意为“导致，造成”。9. asked考查状语从句的省略。Professor Wass与ask之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，故用被动语态，又因从句符合状语从句的省略结构，故此处省去he was，故填asked。10. generally考查副词。设空处修饰谓语动词are，故填副词generally。