2022版高中北师大版英语一轮课时提升作业 选修7 UNIT 21　HUMAN BIOLOGY WORD版含解析.doc

1、温馨提示： 此套题为Word版，请按住Ctrl,滑动鼠标滚轴，调节合适的观看比例，答案解析附后。关闭Word文档返回原板块。二十一选修7 Unit 21Human Biology. 阅读理解AWhile learning the science lessons, I used to get a doubtwhy ears, nose, tongue and eyes should be called as special senses? The basic reason is that these are the channels through which we maintain conta

2、ct with the surroundings. Though apparently it may feel like these are individual sensory organs, they do show some connectivity. Interestingly, our hearing is less sharp after we eat a heavy food. Isnt it good for a sound nap after a stomach-full meal? That does not mean we go deaf after a meal, bu

3、t the hearing pitch(强度) does change after a heavy meal. We usually give credit of the taste to our tongue, but do you know that unless saliva(唾液) dissolves something, our tongue cannot recognize the taste of the food eaten. Taste is nothing but the food chemicals dissolved in the saliva being sensed

4、 by the taste buds present on the tongue. Try to dry off your tongue and mouth with a tissue paper and then taste something. Women are much better smellers than men. They are born with this characteristic ability and can correctly pinpoint the exact fragrance of the sample. We all can store almost 5

5、0, 000 different scents(气味), which are strongly tied to the memories. Pupils(瞳孔) do not respond to light alone, but to the slightest bit of noise around too. Thus surgeons, watchmakers and those professionals who have to perform a much delicate job do prefer to have a sound-free environment. Even a

6、small noise can dilate(扩大) their pupils, change the focus and blur(使模糊) their vision. If you do not wear glasses or contact lens due to having a 6/6 vision, you are just among the one third of the human population. It is now statistically proved that only one third of the population has perfect visi

7、on, the rest all are either wearing glasses or are trying to read with a compromised vision. Each and every one of us has a particular or individualistic or characteristic smell, which is unique to us, except for the identical twins. This smell is very subtle(微妙的) yet can be sensed even by a newborn

8、. It may be due to this scent that the newborn recognizes the presence of his parents around. Many of us can pinpoint the smell of our significant friends and colleagues. A significant part of this phenomenon is guided by genetics but it is also modified by the environment, diet and personal hygiene

9、. This all together creates the unique chemistry that is individualistic for each person. 【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文, 介绍了各种感觉器官听觉, 味觉, 嗅觉, 视觉等器官的相互联系和各自的功能。1. We can learn from Paragraph 1 that _. A. our hearing is as good as before we have a full mealB. all sensory organs are connected and can be exchangedC. s

10、ensory organs functions can never be changed for their particular characterD. we feel and learn about the world around us through our sensory organs【解析】选D。推理判断题。根据第一段中The basic reason is that these are the channels through which we maintain contact with the surroundings. Though apparently it may fee

11、l like these are individual sensory organs, they do show some connectivity. “最基本的原因是, 这些是我们与周围环境保持联系的渠道。虽然很明显这些似乎都是单独的器官, 但它们确实也展现出了一些联系。”可知, 我们通过感觉器官感受和了解我们周围的世界。故选D。2. What may happen after you have had a rich lunch? A. Your eyes become dim. B. You may feel energetic and fresh. C. Your hearing pit

12、ch may decrease. D. Your tongue may lose the function of taste. 【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据第一段Interestingly, our hearing is less sharp after we eat a heavy food. Isnt it good for a sound nap after a stomach-full meal? That does not mean we go deaf after a meal, but the hearing pitch does change after a heavy me

13、al. 可知, 吃饱后人的听觉会降低, 故选C。3. What does the author mean by the underlined sentence in Paragraph 2? A. Our tongues cant be dried while eating something. B. If your tongue is dried without any saliva on it, it will not work. C. A tissue paper is the only thing that can be used to dry our tongues. D. If y

14、our tongue is dried with a tissue paper, it may work as well as before. 【解析】选B。细节理解题。根据第二段内容可知, 舌头必须在唾液的配合下才能分辨味道, 如果用纸把舌头擦干, 舌头的味觉感知功能就会丧失, 故选B。4. What makes each person different from anyone else except twins? A. The number of sensory organs. B. The sensitivity of sensory organs. C. The particular

15、 smell of a person. D. The style of ones behavior. 【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据最后一段Each and every one of us has a particular or individualistic or characteristic smell, which is unique to us, except for the identical twins. , 作者认为除了一模一样的双胞胎之外, 我们每个人身上都有独特的味道, 通过这个味道我们就可以辨别我们所熟悉的人, 故选C。【知识拓展】 长难句分析1. The basic re

16、ason is that these are the channels through which we maintain contact with the surroundings. 分析: 句中的that引导表语从句, 从句中的表语channels后跟有一个介词(through)+关系代词(which)引导的定语从句。翻译: 最基本的原因是, 这些是我们与周围环境保持联系的渠道。2. Taste is nothing but the food chemicals dissolved in the saliva being sensed by the taste buds present o

17、n the tongue. 分析: dissolved in the saliva短语作定语, 修饰food chemicals; 短语being sensed by. . . 修饰saliva。翻译: 味觉不过是溶解在唾液中的食物化学物质, 可以被舌头上的味蕾感觉到。B In 2013, Gabby Frost founded Buddy Project when she was 15. At that time her best friend had been diagnosed(诊断) with a mental health condition, and that was the fi

18、rst time she was made aware of what mental illness was. She wanted to learn more and develop a good support system for her. Mental illness affects tens of millions of people in the United States each year, yet only half receive treatment, according to the National Institute of Mental Health. Buddy P

19、rojects website says the service is not a substitute for therapy(治疗) or other types of mental health care, and it directs people to resources for further help. Since founding the organization as a high school student, Frost has helped more than 200, 000 participants find a new friend. On the day whe

20、n Buddy Project was launched, she used her powerful social media presence to attract nearly 3, 000 participants. “This was around the time when teens really began talking about mental health and found a supportive community online to talk about it. ”she said. One of the biggest social barriers she h

21、ad to jump over was that people didnt view her seriously because she was a 15-year-old girl, and even now, shes still a young woman. “Sometimes its frustrating because people dont think what I do is needed or they dont think Im professional. ” she said. “Most people are blown away that a 20-year-old

22、 girl is running this and that its one person doing this but not a whole team. Im just lucky that Ive found a support system that has been able to help my mom and me with the project. ”【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文。因为自己最好的朋友被诊断出有心理健康问题, 15岁的加比弗罗斯特创建了Buddy Project来帮助她的好朋友和更多的青少年。5. Why did Gabby Frost set up Buddy

23、Project? A. To treat her mental disease. B. To know what causes mental illness. C. To help her friend to fight the mental disease. D. To cure those with mental disease. 【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据第一段中的“She wanted to learn more and develop a good support system for her. ”可知, 她是为了帮助朋友与心理疾病抗争才成立了Buddy Project。6. W

24、hat can we infer from Paragraph 2? A. Americans pay little attention to mental health. B. Many Americans have trouble with mental health. C. Buddy Project provides financial aid for patients. D. Buddy Project can cure those with mental disease. 【解析】选B。推理判断题。根据第二段第一句中的“Mental illness affects tens of

25、millions of people in the United States each year”可知, 在美国, 很多人都有心理健康方面的问题。7. What problem did Frost face? A. She couldnt get support from her mother. B. She couldnt help so many patients at a time. C. She wasnt able to attract enough participants. D. She wasnt thought well of because of her age. 【解析

26、】选D。细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“One of the biggest social barriers she had to jump over was that people didnt view her seriously because she was a 15-year-old girl, and even now, shes still a young woman”和“people dont think what I do is needed or they dont think Im professional. ”可知, 她面临的一个问题是人们因为她的年龄而不把她当回事儿, 认

27、为她不专业。8. How do most people feel about young Frosts running the project alone? A. Completely defeated. B. Totally convinced. C. Strongly impressed. D. Fully satisfied. 【解析】选C。推理判断题。根据题干可知, 本题解题依据是文章最后一段中的“Most people are blown away that a 20-year-old girl is running this and that its one person doin

28、g this but not a whole team. ”可知, 大多数人对一个20岁的女孩独自而不是靠一个团队运营这个项目这一事实而感到惊讶、钦佩或印象深刻。. 阅读填句根据短文内容, 从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Every year, people want to live a healthier life and enjoy regular exercise. Over time, however, many find it hard to find the same enthusiasm for their workouts that they

29、 experienced at the beginning. 1 Thus, you can stick with your workout routine. Set a goal that is reachable and manageable. Setting goals that are unrealistic will only set you up for disappointment in the long run. Set a goal that you know is within your reach, and set a reasonable timetable. Crea

30、te a reward for yourself. 2 You could allow yourself a day when you dont track calories, if you make it to the gym all seven days in one week. Reward yourself with a new pair of jeans, when your old ones no longer fit. Rewards increase the satisfaction, and are a reminder that you are making progres

31、s. Find a workout companion. If you have another friend that wants to hit the gym as much as you do, be each others motivation. 3 Also, report your failures and successes to him. Together, you can help support each other. 4 Dont do the same thing every day, or you may experience workout boredom. Pic

32、k certain days to do certain exercises. For example, try swimming on Sundays, running or stair-climbing machines three days a week. Every month, change it up and start focusing on a differentor newfitness routine. Hire a coach or trainer to get you started. 5 Even if you only use the trainer for a m

33、onth or two, it is well invested to keep you focused and informed. A. Mix up your routine. B. Take part in an organized sport. C. There are a number of ways you can make exercise fun. D. Take part in workout classes together, or even plan a weekly jog together. E. Investing in new workout clothes ca

34、n develop your self-esteem and confidence. F. Whether it is weekly or monthly, treat yourself to something when you reach a goal. G. He can help you learn the proper ways to work out to avoid injury, and get the best results. 【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。每年, 人们都想要一个更健康的生活, 享受有规律的锻炼。然而, 随着时间的推移, 许多人想找到开始时的热情是很难的。这

35、篇文章介绍了一些锻炼的方法。1. 【解析】选C。下文提示“因此, 你可以坚持你的锻炼计划”。由此可知, C项There are a number of ways you can make exercise fun. (有很多方法可以让锻炼变得有趣)切题。故选C。2. 【解析】选F。段落首句提示“为自己创造一个奖励”。承接段落首句, F项Whether it is weekly or monthly, treat yourself to something when you reach a goal. (无论是每周还是每月, 当你达到一个目标时用一些东西来奖励自己。)切题。故选F。3. 【解析】

36、选D。上句提示“如果你有另一个朋友想去健身房与你一起锻炼, 那么就互相鼓励。”空格下句提示“同时, 把你的失败和成功报告给他。”承接上下文, D项 Take part in workout classes together, or even plan a weekly jog together. (一起参加训练课程, 甚至计划每周一起慢跑。)切题。故选D。4. 【解析】选A。此空位于段落首句, 应该是一个短小精悍的祈使句。空格下文提示“不要每天都做同样的事情, 否则你可能会体验到锻炼无聊。”由此可知, A项Mix up your routine. (打乱你的常规。)切题。故选A。5. 【解析】

37、选G。段落首句提示“雇一个教练或培训师来让你开始。”承接段落首句, G项He can help you learn the proper ways to work out to avoid injury, and get the best results. (他可以帮助你学习适当的方法以避免受伤, 并得到最好的结果。)切题。该项中的He指的是上句中的a coach or trainer。故选G 。. 语法填空阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Once a donkey fell into a deep well. The animal cried loudly

38、for 1. _(hour), but the owner couldnt think out what to do with it. Finally, he 2. _(decide) that the animal was old and that the well needed to be covered anyway, so he thought the donkey wasnt worth saving. Then he invited some of his neighbors 3. _(come) and help him. They all took a shovel (铁铲)

39、and began to put dirt into the well. At first, the donkey realized what was happening and cried. Then, 4. _ everyones surprise, the donkey became quiet. The owner looked down into the well and was 5. _(surprise) at 6. _ he saw. Each shovel of dirt hit its back, but the donkey was doing something ama

40、zing. It was shaking the dirt off, 7. _(take) a step up. When the neighbors continued to put more dirt on top of 8. _ animal, it shook the dirt off and took one more step up. Pretty soon the donkey stepped up over the well and ran off 9. _(happy)! When life sometimes puts dirt on you, the best way i

41、s to shake off the dirt and take a step up. You can get out of the 10. _(deep) well just by never giving up! 1. 【解析】hours。考查名词。连续数小时。2. 【解析】decided。考查时态。根据全文时态, 应用一般过去时。 3. 【解析】to come。考查非谓语动词。表示目的。4. 【解析】to。考查介词。to ones surprise是固定搭配, 意为: 使惊讶的是。5. 【解析】surprised。考查词性转换。表示“人对感到惊讶”, 用surprised。6. 【解析】

42、what。考查宾语从句。根据句子结构, what既引导介词宾语从句, 又在从句中作主语。7. 【解析】taking。考查非谓语动词。作伴随状语。8. 【解析】the。考查冠词。第二次提到后都是特指。9. 【解析】happily。考查词性转换。修饰动词短语应用副词形式。10. 【解析】deepest。考查形容词最高级。此空与前文的the best way相对应, 故此处应是the deepest well。 . 阅读理解(2021郑州模拟)HEMLOCK, MIWhen classes resume at Hemlocks K. C. Ling Elementary School next we

43、ek, the students will have a brand new playground complete with gaga ball pit(坑), Boogie Board, slides and more. About 50 volunteers worked together to build the new playground Sunday, Aug. 19. The “community build” was the culmination of nearly a year of fundraising, said Sarah Baird, a parent and

44、chairwoman of the playground committee. “It felt amazing yesterday to see everybody come together, ” Baird said Monday. “It will be all set and ready for them for their first day of school. ”The school year begins Aug. 27. A ribbon-cutting(剪彩) ceremony and open house are planned for Wednesday, Aug.

45、22. K. C. Ling houses the districts first-through fourth-graders. Hemlock Elementary School, the districts other elementary school, offers preschool, young fives and kindergarten. Baird said the former playground equipment at K. C. Ling Elementary was 30 years old, unsafe and beginning to rust(生锈).

46、A few years ago, the Richland Township Fire Department gave the parent-teacher organization $2, 500 to build a new playground. The equipment they originally wanted would have cost $100, 000. “We formed a committee and we started doing some fundraising, ” Baird said. “I did some things and we really

47、tried to do something with the playground. ”In the end, with the support of the community, Hemlock Semiconductor, Saginaw Community Foundation, Morley Family Foundation, Dow Corning Foundation and other donors, the group raised $70, 000. “It felt amazing yesterday to see everybody come together, ” B

48、aird said of the community build. “(We had) huge support from the community and were very thankful. ”【文章大意】本文报道了新学年开始K. C. Ling小学的新操场开始投入使用。1. What does the underlined word “culmination” in Paragraph 2 refer to? A. Flag. B. Key. C. Name. D. Result. 【解析】选D。词义猜测题。The “community build” was the culminat

49、ion of nearly a year of fundraising, “社区建设”是近一年筹资活动的成果。故选项中与该词意思相近的应为D。2. What difficulty did they meet when a new playground needs rebuilding? A. There is not enough money to build the playground. B. There is not enough space to build the playground. C. There is no support for doing it. D. There is

50、 no time to do it. 【解析】选A。 推理判断题. 根据第六段最后两句话A few years ago, the Richland Township Fire Department gave the parent-teacher organization $2, 500 to build a new playground. The equipment they originally wanted would have cost $100, 000. 可推断出在修建新操场的过程中, 资金严重不足。3. What do we know from the passage? A. Th

51、e day of the schools start is Monday. B. The first grade goes to school in K. C. Ling. C. K. C. Ling Elementary has a history of 30 years. D. Most of the playground construction fund is provided by Richland Township Fire Department. 【解析】选B。推理判断题。根据第五段可知, 一到四年级是在K. C. Ling上学, 而学前, 幼儿园以及4-5岁的过渡班是在Heml

52、ock Elementary School上学。4. In which section of a newspaper may this text appear? A. Entertainment. B. Health. C. Education. D. Science. 【解析】选C。推理判断题。本文报道了新学年开始K. C. Ling小学的新操场开始投入使用, 由此可知, 本文是关于教育类的话题。. 完形填空(2021郑州模拟)Sports are fun, and children keep healthy while playing with others. However, somet

53、imes playing sports can have 1 effects on children. It may produce feelings of 2 self-respect or aggressive behavior in some children. Many children say they have been 3 at or called names while playing sports. This leaves many children with a bad 4 of sports. They think sports are just too 5. Many

54、researchers believe adults are the 6 cause of too much aggression in childrens sports and they are to blame. They believe children watch the aggressive adult behavior and 7 it. This behavior is then further 8 from one child to another. Parents and coaches are powerful teachers because children 9 loo

55、k up to them. Often these adults 10 aggressively themselves, sending children the message that 11 is everything. Many parents go to childrens sporting events and shout insults at other players or cheer when their child behaves 12. Whats worse, children are also taught that hurting other players is 1

56、3 or are pushed to continue playing even when they are injured. In addition, children watch adult sports games and see violent behavior replayed over and over on television. 14 it comes to how to solve this problem, parents and coaches in particular should act as better 15 to children. They also nee

57、d to teach children better 16 of life. They should not just 17 when children win or act aggressively. Besides, children should not be allowed to continue to play when they are 18. If adults 19 children to play when injured, this gives the message that 20 is not as important as winning. 【文章大意】本文介绍了青少

58、年在运动中攻击性行为的现象、成因以及解决方法。1. A. native B. negativeC. activeD. instructive【解析】选B。由keep healthy及However表示的转折关系可知, 此处讲的是运动的负面影响, 故选B。2. A. poorB. highC. specialD. unusual【解析】选A。运动有可能会让一些孩子的自尊心下降, 并且带来攻击性的行为, 故A是最佳答案。3. A. knockedB. glancedC. smiledD. shouted【解析】选D。在运动的过程中, 他们声称自己曾被辱骂过或是被吆喝过。 called names和

59、shouted at在此处是近义词, 故选D。4. A. impressionB. conclusionC. tasteD. expectation【解析】选A。正因为这样, 运动给许多儿童留下了不良的印象(impression), 故选A。 5. A. curiousB. violentC. passiveD. pleasant【解析】选B。据前文提到的aggressive(有攻击性的)一词可知, 孩子们认为运动太暴力(violent)了, 故选B。6. A. commonB. mainC. indirectD. different【解析】选B。由第二段后面的内容可知, 教练和家长对小孩在运

60、动中的暴力行为负主要责任, 也就是他们是小孩攻击性行为的主要原因(main cause), 故选B。7. A. questionB. understandC. copyD. ignore【解析】选C。研究人员认为儿童看了他们父母的攻击性行为, 然后就开始模仿(copy), 因此答案选C。8. A. provedB. recoveredC. spreadD. benefited【解析】选C。 这种攻击性行为在儿童之间又进一步传播/扩散(spread), 故选C。9. A. hardlyB. seldomC. neverD. usually【解析】选D。由powerful可知, 父母和教练对小孩的

61、影响很大, 因为孩子们通常(usually)很尊敬他们。10. A. behaveB. communicateC. argueD. blame【解析】选A。结合上文aggressive adult behavior, 可知有时父母的行为举止(behave)也带有攻击性, 故A是最佳选项。11. A. winningB. practicingC. enjoymentD. sport【解析】选 A。据下文提到的小孩受伤了, 父母还是允许他们继续比赛可知, 他们给孩子传达一个信息: 胜利(winning)至上, 因此答案选A。12. A. proudlyB. gentlyC. aggressivel

62、yD. bravely【解析】选C。由parents. . . shout insults可知, 当小孩在运动中攻击(behaves aggressively)别人的时候, 他们的父母也会欢呼喝彩。13. A. acceptableB. capableC. possibleD. enjoyable【解析】选 A。由even表示递进关系可知, 父母甚至教导他们的小孩, 侮辱其他选手也是可以接受的(acceptable), 因此选A。14. A. WhileB. WhereC. HowD. When【解析】选D。本句考查固定句型When it comes to sth. /doing sth. 当

63、涉及(做)某事。15. A. guidesB. examplesC. rolesD. partners【解析】选B。谈到如何预防儿童在运动中发生暴力行为, 家长和教练应该为小孩树立好榜样(examples)。16. A. methodsB. standardsC. valuesD. directions【解析】选C。 同时他们也应该教会儿童什么才是人生更好的价值观(values)。17. A. comfortB. cheerC. scoldD. celebrate【解析】选B。答案由第二段中的cheer when their child behaves _可得知。18. A. lostB. t

64、iredC. hatedD. injured【解析】选D。 第二段提到. . . are pushed to continue playing even when they are injured, 因此此处应该是讲当小孩受伤(injured)时, 不应该让他们继续比赛。同时, 下一句If adults _children to play when injured也揭示了答案。19. A. forceB. orderC. forbidD. permit【解析】选D。句意: 假如家长允许(permit)小孩在受伤的情况下还坚持参加运动, 这就透露出一条信息: 比起健康(health), 赢得比赛

65、更重要。20. A. performanceB. trainingC. healthD. spirit【解析】选C。答案由上一题的解析可知。 injured和身体的健康(health)有关, 因此C是最佳选项。. 短文改错I am the shared bike. Id like to be on the street to serve for people. They can ride me just via a mobile app. But horrible things happen a few days ago. Several people stole some of us wit

66、h paying their bills on the app but treated us badly. They broke my saddle and even threw my friends everywhere. We felt angry for which those bad guys had done. Thanks to some kindly people, we received careful “treatment”. Now, you help as well as the whole societys attention is what we need most.

67、 We are designed to help people who are stuck the heavy traffic. We are neither toy nor private vehicles. Please obey the basic rules. 答案: 1. 【解析】第一句the 改为a。考查冠词。bike是可数名词单数形式, 此处表示一辆共享单车, 故the 改为a。2. 【解析】第二句去掉for。考查动词。句中动词serve是及物动词, 后面直接加宾语, 不用加介词。故去掉for。3. 【解析】第四句happen 改为happened。考查动词时态。根据时间状语a

68、few days ago可知用一般过去时, 故happen 改为happened。4. 【解析】第五句with改为without。考查介词。此处指有的人不在应用程序上付款偷走了一些单车, 表示没有付款, 故with改为without。5. 【解析】第五句but改为and。考查连词。此处指有些人不付款偷走单车, 还对我们不好。前后句是并列关系, 不是转折。故but改为and。6. 【解析】第七句which改为what。 考查宾语从句。此处指对那些坏家伙所做的事感到生气, 表示做的事用what引导宾语从句, 故which改为what。7. 【解析】第八句kindly改为kind。考查形容词。此处修

69、饰名词people用形容词, 故kindly改为kind。8. 【解析】第九句you 改为your。考查物主代词。此处修饰名词help用形容词性物主代词, 指你的帮助, 故you 改为your。9. 【解析】第十句stuck后加in或by。考查介词。此处指被交通堵住, 或是在交通阻塞中堵住, 故stuck后加in或by。10. 【解析】第十一句toy改为toys。考查名词的数。句中主语和动词are一致, 名词也用复数。故toy改为toys。. 书面表达为了号召同学们积极参加运动, 强身健体, 你校举办了一次题为“My Favorite Sport”的英语演讲比赛, 请根据以下内容, 写一篇英语

70、短文。内容包括: 1. 最喜欢的运动以及喜欢原因; 2. 这项运动有什么好处。注意: 1. 词数100左右; 2. 可以适当增加细节, 以使行文连贯。【参考范文】My Favorite SportOf all the sports, I like basketball best. I have been crazy about basketball players ever since I was a child. I think they look cool when they play basketball. I hope I can be very popular like them o

71、ne day. As we all know, basketball is a sport that needs teamwork. It helps me learn how to cooperate with others. Whats more, playing basketball can build up my body, keep me healthy and train my brain. I have played basketball for about five years. I have made many good friends through this sport, which will be part of my life and give me good memories. 关闭Word文档返回原板块