2023版高考英语一轮总复习 专题十 主旨要义习题.docx

1、专题十主旨要义5年高考题组一说明文Passage 1 (2021全国乙,C)话题:自然环境保护难度:中词数:309You􀆳ve heard that plastic is polluting the oceansbetween 4.8 and 12.7 million tonnes enter ocean ecosystems every year. But does one plastic straw or cup really make a difference? Artist Benjamin Von Wong wants you to know that it doe

2、s. He builds massive sculptures out of plastic garbage, forcing viewers to re-examine their relationship to single-use plastic products.At the beginning of the year, the artist built a piece called “Strawpocalypse,”a pair of 10-foot-tall plastic waves, frozen mid-crash. Made of 168,000 plastic straw

3、s collected from several volunteer beach cleanups, the sculpture made its first appearance at the Estella Place shopping center in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.Just 9% of global plastic waste is recycled. Plastic straws are by no means the biggest source(来源) of plastic pollution, but they􀆳ve r

4、ecently come under fire because most people don􀆳t need them to drink with and, because of their small size and weight, they cannot be recycled. Every straw that􀆳s part of Von Wong􀆳s artwork likely came from a drink that someone used for only a few minutes.Once the drink is

5、 gone,the straw will take centuries to disappear.In a piece from 2018,Von Wong wanted to illustrate(说明) a specific statistic:Every 60 seconds,a truckload􀆳s worth of plastic enters the ocean. For this work, titled “Truckload of Plastic,” Von Wong and a group of volunteers collected more than

6、 10,000 pieces of plastic, which were then tied together to look like they􀆳d been dumped(倾倒)from a truck all at once.Von Wong hopes that his work will also help pressure big companies to reduce their plastic footprint.1.What are Von Wong􀆳s artworks intended for?A.Beautifying the ci

7、ty he lives in.B.Introducing eco-friendly products.C.Drawing public attention to plastic waste.D.Reducing garbage on the beach.2.Why does the author discuss plastic straws in paragraph 3?A.To show the difficulty of their recycling.B.To explain why they are useful.C.To voice his views on modern art.D

8、.To find a substitute for them.3.What effect would “Truckload of Plastic” have on viewers?A.Calming.B.Disturbing.C.Refreshing.D.Challenging.4.Which of the following can be the best title for the text?A.Artists􀆳 Opinions on Plastic SafetyB.Media Interest in Contemporary ArtC.Responsibility D

9、emanded of Big CompaniesD.Ocean Plastics Transformed into Sculptures答案语篇解读文章介绍了Benjamin Von Wong 为倡导环保而把塑料废物做成艺术品,用有趣的方式呼吁人们关爱我们的地球。1.C2.A3.B4.DPassage 2 (2021新高考,D)话题:认识自我难度:中词数:303Popularization has in some cases changed the original meaning of emotional(情感的)intelligence. Many people now misunders

10、tand emotional intelligence as almost everything desirable in a person􀆳s makeup that cannot be measured by an IQ test, such as character, motivation, confidence, mental stability, optimism and “people skills.”Research has shown that emotional skills may contribute to some of these qualities

11、, but most of them move far beyond skill-based emotional intelligence.We prefer to describe emotional intelligence as a specific set of skills that can be used for either good or bad purposes. The ability to accurately understand how others are feeling may be used by a doctor to find how best to hel

12、p her patients, while a cheater might use it to control potential victims.Being emotionally intelligent does not necessarily make one a moral person.Although popular beliefs regarding emotional intelligence run far ahead of what research can reasonably support, the overall effects of the publicity h

13、ave been more beneficial than harmful. The most positive aspect of this popularization is a new and much needed emphasis (重视) on emotion by employers,educators and others interested in promoting social well-being. The popularization of emotional intelligence has helped both the public and researcher

14、s re-evaluate the functionality of emotions and how they serve people adaptively in everyday life.Although the continuing popular appeal of emotional intelligence is desirable, we hope that such attention will excite a greater interest in the scientific and scholarly study of emotion. It is our hope

15、 that in coming decades, advances in science will offer new perspectives(视角)from which to study how people manage their lives. Emotional intelligence, with its focus on both head and heart, may serve to point us in the right direction.1.What is a common misunderstanding of emotional intelligence?A.I

16、t can be measured by an IQ test.B.It helps to exercise a person􀆳s mind.C.It includes a set of emotional skills.D.It refers to a person􀆳s positive qualities.2.Why does the author mention “doctor” and “cheater” in paragraph 2?A.To explain a rule.B.To clarify a concept.C.To present a

17、fact.D.To make a prediction.3.What is the author􀆳s attitude to the popularization of emotional intelligence?A.Favorable.B.Intolerant.C.Doubtful.D.Unclear.4.What does the last paragraph mainly talk about concerning emotional intelligence?A.Its appeal to the public.B.Expectations for future s

18、tudies.C.Its practical application.D.Scientists with new perspectives.答案语篇解读作者主要说明了情商的概念及其作用。1.D2.B3.A4.BPassage 3 (2021浙江,C)话题:人与动物难度:中词数:334If you ever get the impression that your dog can “tell” whether you look content or annoyed, you may be onto something. Dogs may indeed be able to distinguish

19、 between happy and angry human faces, according to a new study.Researchers trained a group of 11 dogs to distinguish between images(图像) of the same person making either a happy or an angry face. During the training stage, each dog was shown only the upper half or the lower half of the person𙧅

20、1;s face. The researchers then tested the dogs􀆳 ability to distinguish between human facial expressions by showing them the other half of the person􀆳s face or images totally different from the ones used in training. The researchers found that the dogs were able to pick the angry or

21、 happy face by touching a picture of it with their noses more often than one would expect by random chance.The study showed the animals had figured out how to apply what they learned about human faces during training to new faces in the testing stage. “We can rule out that the dogs simply distinguis

22、h between the pictures based on a simple cue, such as the sight of teeth,”said study author Corsin Mller. “Instead, our results suggest that the successful dogs realized that a smiling mouth means the same thing as smiling eyes, and the same rule applies to an angry mouth having the same meaning as

23、angry eyes.”“With our study, we think we can now confidently conclude that at least some dogs can distinguish human facial expressions,”Mller told Live Science.At this point, it is not clear why dogs seem to be equipped with the ability to recognize different facial expressions in humans. “To us, th

24、e most likely explanation appears to be that the basis lies in their living with humans, which gives them a lot of exposure to human facial expressions,” and this exposure has provided them with many chances to learn to distinguish between them, Mller said.1.The new study focused on whether dogs can

25、 .A.distinguish shapesB.make sense of human facesC.feel happy or angryD.communicate with each other2.What can we learn about the study from paragraph 2?A.Researchers tested the dogs in random order.B.Diverse methods were adopted during training.C.Pictures used in the two stages were different.D.The

26、dogs were photographed before the test.3.What is the last paragraph mainly about?A.A suggestion for future studies.B.A possible reason for the study findings.C.A major limitation of the study.D.An explanation of the research method.答案语篇解读文章介绍了一项关于狗能识别人类表情的新研究。1.B2.C3.BPassage 4 (2020课标全国,D)话题:人与植物难度

27、:中词数:396The connection between people and plants has long been the subject of scientific research. Recent studies have found positive effects. A study conducted in Youngstown, Ohio, for example, discovered that greener areas of the city experienced less crime. In another, employees were shown to be

28、15% more productive when their workplaces were decorated with houseplants.The engineers at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology(MIT)have taken it a step furtherchanging the actual composition of plants in order to get them to perform diverse, even unusual functions. These include plants that ha

29、ve sensors printed onto their leaves to show when they􀆳re short of water and a plant that can detect harmful chemicals in groundwater. “We􀆳re thinking about how we can engineer plants to replace functions of the things that we use every day,”explained Michael Strano, a professor of

30、 chemical engineering at MIT.One of his latest projects has been to make plants glow(发光)in experiments using some common vegetables. Strano􀆳s team found that they could create a faint light for three-and-a-half hours. The light, about one-thousandth of the amount needed to read by, is just

31、a start. The technology, Strano said, could one day be used to light the rooms or even to turn trees into self-powered street lamps.In the future, the team hopes to develop a version of the technology that can be sprayed onto plant leaves in a one-off treatment that would last the plant􀆳s l

32、ifetime. The engineers are also trying to develop an on and off “switch”where the glow would fade when exposed to daylight.Lighting accounts for about 7% of the total electricity consumed in the US. Since lighting is often far removed from the power source(电源)such as the distance from a power plant

33、to street lamps on a remote highwaya lot of energy is lost during transmission(传输). Glowing plants could reduce this distance and therefore help save energy.1.What is the first paragraph mainly about?A.A new study of different plants.B.A big fall in crime rates.C.Employees from various workplaces.D.

34、Benefits from green plants.2.What is the function of the sensors printed on plant leaves by MIT engineers?A.To detect plants􀆳 lack of water.B.To change compositions of plants.C.To make the life of plants longer.D.To test chemicals in plants.3.What can we expect of the glowing plants in the

35、future?A.They will speed up energy production.B.They may transmit electricity to the home.C.They might help reduce energy consumption.D.They could take the place of power plants.4.Which of the following can be the best title for the text?A.Can we grow more glowing plants?B.How do we live with glowin

36、g plants?C.Could glowing plants replace lamps?D.How are glowing plants made pollution-free?答案语篇解读文章介绍了绿植对人类的积极影响和发光植物的节能作用并预测了其前景。1.D2.A3.C4.CPassage 5 (2020课标全国,B)话题:益智游戏难度:中词数:261Some parents will buy any high-tech toy if they think it will help their child, but researchers said puzzles help child

37、ren with math-related skills.Psychologist Susan Levine, an expert on mathematics development in young children at the University of Chicago, found children who play with puzzles between ages 2 and 4 later develop better spatial skills. Puzzle play was found to be a significant predictor of cognition

38、(认知) after controlling for differences in parents􀆳 income, education and the amount of parent talk, Levine said.The researchers analyzed video recordings of 53 child-parent pairs during everyday activities at home and found children who play with puzzles between 26 and 46 months of age have

39、 better spatial skills when assessed at 54 months of age.“The children who played with puzzles performed better than those who did not, on tasks that assessed their ability to rotate(旋转) and translate shapes,”Levine said in a statement.The parents were asked to interact with their children as they n

40、ormally would, and about half of the children in the study played with puzzles at one time. Higher-income parents tended to have children play with puzzles more frequently, and both boys and girls who played with puzzles had better spatial skills. However, boys tended to play with more complex puzzl

41、es than girls, and the parents of boys provided more spatial language and were more active during puzzle play than the parents of girls.The findings were published in the journal Developmental Science.1.In which aspect do children benefit from puzzle play?A.Building confidence.B.Developing spatial s

42、kills.C.Learning self-control.D.Gaining high-tech knowledge.2.What did Levine take into consideration when designing her experiment?A.Parents􀆳 age.B.Children􀆳s imagination.C.Parents􀆳 education.D.Child-parent relationship.3.How do boys differ from girls in puzzle play?A.The

43、y play with puzzles more often.B.They tend to talk less during the game.C.They prefer to use more spatial language.D.They are likely to play with tougher puzzles.4.What is the text mainly about?A.A mathematical method.B.A scientific study.C.A woman psychologist.D.A teaching program.答案语篇解读文章介绍了益智游戏可以

44、更好地培养孩子的空间技巧。本文旨在说明益智游戏对孩子空间能力发展的重要性。1.B2.C3.D4.BPassage 6 (2020课标全国,D)话题:人类的进化难度:中词数:314We are the products of evolution, and not just evolution that occurred billions of years ago. As scientists look deeper into our genes(基因), they are finding examples of human evolution in just the past few thous

45、and years. People in Ethiopian highlands have adapted to living at high altitudes. Cattle-raising people in East Africa and northern Europe have gained a mutation(突变)that helps them digest milk as adults.On Thursday in an article published in Cell, a team of researchers reported a new kind of adapta

46、tionnot to air or to food, but to the ocean. A group of sea-dwelling people in Southeast Asia have evolved into better divers. The Bajau, as these people are known, number in the hundreds of thousands in Indonesia, Malaysia and the Philippines. They have traditionally lived on houseboats;in recent t

47、imes, they􀆳ve also built houses on stilts(支柱)in coastal waters.“They are simply a stranger to the land,”said Rodney C. Jubilado, a University of Hawaii researcher who studies the Bajau.Dr. Jubilado first met the Bajau while growing up on Samal Island in the Philippines. They made a living a

48、s divers, spearfishing or harvesting shellfish.“We were so amazed that they could stay underwater much longer than us local islanders,”Dr. Jubilado said.“I could see them actually walking under the sea.”In 2015, Melissa Ilardo, then a graduate student in genetics at the University of Copenhagen, hea

49、rd about the Bajau. She wondered if centuries of diving could have led to the evolution of physical characteristics that made the task easier for them.“It seemed like the perfect chance for natural selection to act on a population,”said Dr. Ilardo. She also said there were likely a number of other g

50、enes that help the Bajau dive.1.What does the author want to tell us by the examples in paragraph 1?A.Environmental adaptation of cattle raisers.B.New knowledge of human evolution.C.Recent findings of human origin.D.Significance of food selection.2.Where do the Bajau build their houses?A.In valleys.

51、B.Near rivers.C.On the beach.D.Off the coast.3.Why was the young Jubilado astonished at the Bajau?A.They could walk on stilts all day.B.They had a superb way of fishing.C.They could stay long underwater.D.They lived on both land and water.4.What can be a suitable title for the text?A.Bodies Remodele

52、d for a Life at SeaB.Highlanders􀆳 Survival SkillsC.Basic Methods of Genetic ResearchD.The World􀆳s Best Divers答案语篇解读文章通过列举巴瑶人由于靠海为生,逐渐变得擅长潜水的事实来说明人类的进化。1.B2.D3.C4.APassage 7 (2020浙江,C)话题:科学发现难度:中词数:329Challenging work that requires lots of analytical thinking, planning and other man

53、agerial skills might help your brain stay sharp as you age, a study published Wednesday in the journal Neurology suggests.Researchers from the University of Leipzig in Germany gathered more than 1,000 retired workers who were over age 75 and assessed the volunteers􀆳 memory and thinking skil

54、ls through a battery of tests. Then, for eight years, the scientists asked the same group to come back to the lab every 18 months to take the same sorts of tests.Those who had held mentally stimulating(刺激),demanding jobs before retirement tended to do the best on the tests. And they tended to lose c

55、ognitive(认知)function at a much slower rate than those with the least mentally challenging jobs. The results held true even after the scientists accounted for the participants􀆳 overall health status.“This works just like physical exercise,”says Francisca Then, who led the study. “After a lon

56、g run, you may feel like you􀆳re in pain, you may feel tired. But it makes you fit. After a long day at worksure, you will feel tired, but it can help your brain stay healthy.”It􀆳s not just corporate jobs, or even paid work that can help keep your brain fit, Then points out. A waite

57、r􀆳s job, for example, that requires multitasking, teamwork and decision-making could be just as stimulating as any high-level office work. And “running a family household requires high-level planning and coordinating(协调),”she says. “You have to organize the activities of the children and ta

58、ke care of the bills and groceries.”Of course, our brains can decline as we grow older for lots of reasonsincluding other environmental influences or genetic factors. Still, continuing to challenge yourself mentally and keeping your mind busy can only help.1.Why did the scientists ask the volunteers

59、 to take the tests?A.To assess their health status.B.To evaluate their work habits.C.To analyze their personality.D.To measure their mental ability.2.How does Francisca Then explain her findings in paragraph 4?A.By using an expert􀆳s words.B.By making a comparison.C.By referring to another s

60、tudy.D.By introducing a concept.3.Which of the following is the best title for the text?A.Retired Workers Can Pick Up New SkillsB.Old People Should Take Challenging JobsC.Your Tough Job Might Help Keep You SharpD.Cognitive Function May Decline As You Age答案语篇解读文章介绍了一项研究结果:随着年龄的增长,做一些具有挑战性的工作,可以帮助大脑保持

61、敏锐。1.D2.B3.CPassage 8 (2020天津,C)话题:声音新运用难度:难词数:414For people who are interested in sound, the field of sound technology is definitely making noise. In the past, sound engineers worked in the back rooms of recording studios, but many of today􀆳s sound professionals are sharing their knowledge

62、 and experience with professionals in other fields to create new products based on the phenomenon we call sound.Sound can be used as a weapon. Imagine that a police officer is chasing a thief. The thief tries to escape. And the officer can􀆳t let him get away. He pulls out a special device,

63、points it at the suspect, and switches it on. The thief drops to the ground. This new weapon is called a Long Range Acoustic Device(LRAD, 远程定向声波发射器). It produces a deafening sound so painful that it temporarily disables a person. The noise from the LRAD is directed like a ray of light and travels on

64、ly into the ears of that person, but it is not deadly.For those who hunger for some peace and quiet, sound can now create silence. Let􀆳s say you are at the airport, and the little boy on the seat next to you is humming(哼唱) a short commercial song. He hums it over and over again, and you are

65、 about to go crazy. Thanks to the Silence Machine, a British invention, you can get rid of the sound without upsetting the boy or his parents. One may wonder how the Silence Machine works. Well, it functions by analyzing the waves of the incoming sound and creating a second set of outgoing waves. Th

66、e two sets of waves cancel each other out. Simply turn the machine on, point it at the target, and your peace and quiet comes back.Directed sound is a new technology that allows companies to use sound in much the same way spotlights(聚光灯) are used in the theater. A spotlight lights up only one sectio

67、n of a stage; similarly, a “spotsound” creates a circle of sound in one targeted area. This can be useful for businesses such as restaurants and stores because it offers a new way to attract customers. Restaurants can offer a choice of music along with the various food choices on the menu, allowing

68、customers more control over the atmosphere in which they are dining. Directed sound is also beginning to appear in shopping centers and even at homes.1.What could be inferred from Paragraph 2 about the effect of the LRAD?A.It causes temporary hearing loss.B.It slows down a running man.C.It makes it

69、easy to identify a suspect.D.It keeps the suspect from hurting others.2.The Silence Machine is a device specially designed to .A.silence the people around youB.remove the sound of commercialsC.block the incoming sound wavesD.stop unwanted sound from affecting you3.What feature do spotsounds and spot

70、lights share?A.They travel in circles.B.They clear the atmosphere.C.They can be transformed into energy.D.They can be directed onto a specific area.4.Directed sound can be used for .A.creative designs of restaurant menusB.ideal sound effects on the theater stageC.different choices of music for busin

71、essesD.strict control over any suspicious customer5.What does the passage focus on?A.How professionals invented sound products.B.Inventions in the field of sound technology.C.The growing interest in the study of sound.D.How sound engineers work in their studios.答案语篇解读文章介绍了声音在实际生活中的新运用。本文旨在让学生了解对声音的有

72、效利用方面的知识。1.A2.D3.D4.C5.BPassage 9 (2019课标全国,D)话题:做人与做事难度:难词数:370During the rosy years of elementary school(小学), I enjoyed sharing my dolls and jokes, which allowed me to keep my high social status. I was the queen of the playground. Then came my tweens and teens, and mean girls and cool kids. They r

73、ose in the ranks not by being friendly but by smoking cigarettes, breaking rules and playing jokes on others, among whom I soon found myself.Popularity is a well-explored subject in social psychology. Mitch Prinstein, a professor of clinical psychology sorts the popular into two categories:the likab

74、le and the status seekers. The likables􀆳 plays-well-with-others qualities strengthen schoolyard friendships, jump-start interpersonal skills and, when tapped early, are employed ever after in life and work. Then there􀆳s the kind of popularity that appears in adolescence:status born

75、 of power and even dishonorable behavior.Enviable as the cool kids may have seemed, Dr. Prinstein􀆳s studies show unpleasant consequences. Those who were highest in status in high school, as well as those least liked in elementary school, are “most likely to engage(从事)in dangerous and risky

76、behavior.”In one study, Dr. Prinstein examined the two types of popularity in 235 adolescents, scoring the least liked, the most liked and the highest in status based on student surveys(调查研究).“We found that the least well-liked teens had become more aggressive over time toward their classmates. But

77、so had those who were high in status. It clearly showed that while likability can lead to healthy adjustment, high status has just the opposite effect on us.”Dr. Prinstein has also found that the qualities that made the neighbors want you on a play datesharing, kindness, opennesscarry over to later

78、years and make you better able to relate and connect with others.In analyzing his and other research, Dr. Prinstein came to another conclusion:Not only is likability related to positive life outcomes, but it is also responsible for those outcomes, too. “Being liked creates opportunities for learning

79、 and for new kinds of life experiences that help somebody gain an advantage,”he said.1.What sort of girl was the author in her early years of elementary school?A.Unkind.B.Lonely.C.Generous.D.Cool.2.What is the second paragraph mainly about?A.The classification of the popular.B.The characteristics of

80、 adolescents.C.The importance of interpersonal skills.D.The causes of dishonorable behavior.3.What did Dr. Prinstein􀆳s study find about the most liked kids?A.They appeared to be aggressive.B.They tended to be more adaptable.C.They enjoyed the highest status.D.They performed well academicall

81、y.4.What is the best title for the text?A.Be NiceYou Won􀆳t Finish LastB.The Higher the Status, the BetterC.Be the BestYou Can Make ItD.More Self-Control, Less Aggressiveness答案语篇解读文章将受欢迎的人分成了两类讨人喜欢的人和追逐高地位的人。1.C2.A3.B4.APassage 10 (2019课标全国,C)话题:生活方式难度:中词数:348Marian Bechtel sits at West Palm

82、 Beach􀆳s Bar Louie counter by herself, quietly reading her e-book as she waits for her salad. What is she reading?None of your business!Lunch is Bechtel􀆳s “me” time. And like more Americans, she􀆳s not alone.A new report found 46 percent of meals are eaten alone in America.

83、 More than half(53 percent)have breakfast alone and nearly half(46 percent)have lunch by themselves. Only at dinnertime are we eating together anymore, 74 percent, according to statistics from the report.“I prefer to go out and be out. Alone, but together, you know?”Bechtel said, looking up from her

84、 book. Bechtel, who works in downtown West Palm Beach, has lunch with coworkers sometimes, but like many of us, too often works through lunch at her desk. A lunchtime escape allows her to keep a boss from tapping her on the shoulder. She returns to work feeling energized. “Today, I just wanted some

85、time to myself,”she said.Just two seats over, Andrew Mazoleny, a local videographer, is finishing his lunch at the bar. He likes that he can sit and check his phone in peace or chat up the barkeeper with whom he􀆳s on a first-name basis if he wants to have a little interaction(交流). “I reflec

86、t on how my day􀆳s gone and think about the rest of the week,”he said. “It􀆳s a chance for self-reflection. You return to work recharged and with a plan.”That freedom to choose is one reason more people like to eat alone. There was a time when people may have felt awkward about askin

87、g for a table for one, but those days are over. Now, we have our smartphones to keep us company at the table. “It doesn􀆳t feel as alone as it may have before all the advances in technology,”said Laurie Demeritt, whose company provided the statistics for the report.1.What are the statistics

88、in paragraph 2 about?A.Food variety.B.Eating habits.C.Table manners.D.Restaurant service.2.Why does Bechtel prefer to go out for lunch?A.To meet with her coworkers.B.To catch up with her work.C.To have some time on her own.D.To collect data for her report.3.What do we know about Mazoleny?A.He makes

89、videos for the bar.B.He􀆳s fond of the food at the bar.C.He interviews customers at the bar.D.He􀆳s familiar with the barkeeper.4.What is the text mainly about?A.The trend of having meals alone.B.The importance of self-reflection.C.The stress from working overtime.D.The advantage of

90、wireless technology.答案语篇解读现如今,在美国,越来越多的人选择自己吃饭,他们希望以此争取一些自己独处的时间。1.B2.C3.D4.APassage 11 (2019浙江,C)话题:大树死亡原因难度:易词数:305California has lost half its big trees since the 1930s, according to a study to be published Tuesday and climate change seems to be a major factor(因素).The number of trees larger than

91、two feet across has declined by 50 percent on more than 46,000 square miles of California forests, the new study finds. No area was spared or unaffected, from the foggy northern coast to the Sierra Nevada Mountains to the San Gabriels above Los Angeles. In the Sierra high country, the number of big

92、trees has fallen by more than 55 percent; in parts of southern California the decline was nearly 75 percent.Many factors contributed to the decline, said Patrick McIntyre, an ecologist who was the lead author of the study. Woodcutters targeted big trees. Housing development pushed into the woods. Ag

93、gressive wildfire control has left California forests crowded with small trees that compete with big trees for resources(资源).But in comparing a study of California forests done in the 1920s and 1930s with another one between 2001 and 2010,McIntyre and his colleagues documented a widespread death of

94、big trees that was evident even in wildlands protected from woodcutting or development.The loss of big trees was greatest in areas where trees had suffered the greatest water shortage. The researchers figured out water stress with a computer model that calculated how much water trees were getting in

95、 comparison with how much they needed, taking into account such things as rainfall, air temperature, dampness of soil, and the timing of snowmelt(融雪).Since the 1930s,McIntyre said, the biggest factors driving up water stress in the state have been rising temperatures, which cause trees to lose more

96、water to the air, and earlier snowmelt, which reduces the water supply available to trees during the dry season.1.What is the second paragraph mainly about?A.The seriousness of big-tree loss in California.B.The increasing variety of California big trees.C.The distribution of big trees in California

97、forests.D.The influence of farming on big trees in California.2.Which of the following is well-intentioned but may be bad for big trees?A.Ecological studies of forests.B.Banning woodcutting.C.Limiting housing development.D.Fire control measures.3.What is a major cause of the water shortage according

98、 to McIntyre?A.Inadequate snowmelt.B.A longer dry season.C.A warmer climate.D.Dampness of the air.4.What can be a suitable title for the text?A.California􀆳s Forests: Where Have All the Big Trees Gone?B.Cutting of Big Trees to Be Prohibited in California SoonC.Why Are the Big Trees Important

99、 to California Forests?D.Patrick McIntyre: Grow More Big Trees in California答案语篇解读文章的主要内容是关于加利福尼亚大树死亡的原因分析。1.A2.D3.C4.APassage 12 (2019北京,C)话题:信息安全难度:难词数:466The problem of robocalls has gotten so bad that many people now refuse to pick up calls from numbers they don􀆳t know. By next year, ha

100、lf of the calls we receive will be scams(欺诈). We are finally waking up to the severity of the problem by supporting and developing a group of tools, apps and approaches intended to prevent scammers from getting through. Unfortunately, it􀆳s too little, too late. By the time these “solutions”

101、(解决方案)become widely available, scammers will have moved onto cleverer means. In the near future, it􀆳s not just going to be the number you see on your screen that will be in doubt. Soon you will also question whether the voice you􀆳re hearing is actually real.That􀆳s because

102、there are a number of powerful voice manipulation(处理) and automation technologies that are about to become widely available for anyone to use. At this year􀆳s I/O Conference, a company showed a new voice technology able to produce such a convincing human-sounding voice that it was able to sp

103、eak to a receptionist and book a reservation without detection.These developments are likely to make our current problems with robocalls much worse. The reason that robocalls are a headache has less to do with amount than precision. A decade of data breaches(数据侵入) of personal information has led to

104、a situation where scammers can easily learn your mother􀆳s name, and far more. Armed with this knowledge, they􀆳re able to carry out individually targeted campaigns to cheat people. This means, for example, that a scammer could call you from what looks to be a familiar number and tal

105、k to you using a voice that sounds exactly like your bank teller􀆳s, tricking you into “confirming” your address, mother􀆳s name, and card number. Scammers follow money, so companies will be the worst hit. A lot of business is still done over the phone, and much of it is based on tru

106、st and existing relationships. Voice manipulation technologies may weaken that gradually.We need to deal with the insecure nature of our telecom networks. Phone carriers and consumers need to work together to find ways of determining and communicating what is real. That might mean either developing

107、a uniform way to mark videos and images, showing when and who they were made by, or abandoning phone calls altogether and moving towards data-based communicationsusing apps like FaceTime or WhatsApp, which can be tied to your identity.Credibility is hard to earn but easy to lose, and the problem is

108、only going to get harder from here on out.1.How does the author feel about the solutions to the problem of robocalls?A.Panicked.B.Confused.C.Embarrassed.D.Disappointed.2.Taking advantage of the new technologies, scammers can.A.aim at victims preciselyB.damage databases easilyC.start campaigns rapidl

109、yD.spread information widely3.What does the passage imply?A.Honesty is the best policy.B.Technologies can be double-edged.C.There are more solutions than problems.D.Credibility holds the key to development.4.Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?A.Where the Problem of Roboca

110、lls Is RootedB.Who Is to Blame for the Problem of RobocallsC.Why Robocalls Are About to Get More DangerousD.How Robocalls Are Affecting the World of Technology答案语篇解读随着声音处理技术的发展,电信诈骗的危险性也在增加,所以电话服务公司和消费者通力合作来确保通信安全迫在眉睫。1.D2.A3.B4.CPassage 13 (2018课标全国,B)话题:节目介绍难度:中词数:264Good Morning Britain􀆳

111、s Susanna Reid is used to grilling guests on the sofa every morning, but she is cooking up a storm in her latest roleshowing families how to prepare delicious and nutritious meals on a tight budget.In Save Money:Good Food, she visits a different home each week and with the help of chef Matt Tebbutt

112、offers top tips on how to reduce food waste, while preparing recipes for under 5 per family a day. And the Good Morning Britain presenter says she􀆳s been able to put a lot of what she􀆳s learnt into practice in her own home, preparing meals for sons, Sam, 14, Finn, 13, and Jack,11.“

113、We love Mexican churros, so I buy them on my phone from my local Mexican takeaway restaurant,”she explains.“I pay 5 for a portion(一份), but Matt makes them for 26p a portion, because they are flour, water, sugar and oil. Everybody can buy takeaway food, but sometimes we􀆳re not aware how chea

114、ply we can make this food ourselves.”The eight-part series(系列节目), Save Money:Good Food, follows in the footsteps of ITV􀆳s Save Money: Good Health, which gave viewers advice on how to get value from the vast range of health products on the market.With food our biggest weekly household expens

115、e, Susanna and Matt spend time with a different family each week. In tonight􀆳s Easter special they come to the aid of a family in need of some delicious inspiration on a budget. The team transforms the family􀆳s long weekend of celebration with less expensive but still tasty recipes

116、.1.What do we know about Susanna Reid? A.She enjoys embarrassing her guests.B.She has started a new programme.C.She dislikes working early in the morning.D.She has had a tight budget for her family.2.How does Matt Tebbutt help Susanna?A.He buys cooking materials for her.B.He prepares food for her ki

117、ds.C.He assists her in cooking matters.D.He invites guest families for her.3.What does the author intend to do in paragraph 4?A.Summarize the previous paragraphs.B.Provide some advice for the readers.C.Add some background information.D.Introduce a new topic for discussion.4.What can be a suitable ti

118、tle for the text?A.Keeping Fit by Eating SmartB.Balancing Our Daily DietC.Making Yourself a Perfect ChefD.Cooking Well for Less答案语篇解读本文介绍了英国节目主持人Susanna Reid创办的一档新节目Save Money:Good Food的相关情况。1.B2.C3.C4.DPassage 14 (2018课标全国,C)话题:趣味阅读难度:中词数:294Teens and younger children are reading a lot less for fun

119、, according to a Common Sense Media report published Monday.While the decline over the past decade is steep for teen readers, some data in the report shows that reading remains a big part of many children􀆳s lives, and indicates how parents might help encourage more reading.According to the

120、report􀆳s key findings, “the proportion(比例)who say they hardly everread for fun has gone from 8 percent of 13-year-olds and 9 percent of 17-year-olds in 1984 to 22 percent and 27 percent respectively today.”The report data shows that pleasure reading levels for younger children, ages 28, rem

121、ain largely the same. But the amount of time spent in reading each session has declined, from closer to an hour or more to closer to a half hour per session.When it comes to technology and reading, the report does little to counsel(建议) parents looking for data about the effect of e-readers and table

122、ts on reading. It does point out that many parents still limit electronic reading, mainly due to concerns about increased screen time.The most hopeful data shared in the report shows clear evidence of parents serving as examples and important guides for their kids when it comes to reading. Data show

123、s that kids and teens who do read frequently, compared to infrequent readers, have more books in the home, more books purchased for them, parents who read more often, and parents who set aside time for them to read.As the end of school approaches, and school vacation reading lists loom(逼近) ahead, pa

124、rents might take this chance to step in and make their own summer reading list and plan a family trip to the library or bookstore.1.What is the Common Sense Media report probably about?A.Children􀆳s reading habits.B.Quality of children􀆳s books.C.Children􀆳s after-class activ

125、ities.D.Parent-child relationships.2.Where can you find the data that best supports “children are reading a lot less for fun”?A.In paragraph 2.B.In paragraph 3.C.In paragraph 4.D.In paragraph 5.3.Why do many parents limit electronic reading?A.E-books are of poor quality.B.It could be a waste of time

126、.C.It may harm children􀆳s health.D.E-readers are expensive.4.How should parents encourage their children to read more?A.Act as role models for them.B.Ask them to write book reports.C.Set up reading groups for them.D.Talk with their reading class teachers.答案语篇解读根据“常识媒体”所做的一项调查可知,与过去相比,十几岁的孩子

127、进行趣味阅读的量越来越少。1.A2.B3.C4.APassage 15 (2018天津,C)话题:3D打印技术难度:中词数:365There􀆳s a new frontier in 3D printing that􀆳s beginning to come into focus:food. Recent development has made possible machines that print, cook, and serve foods on a mass scale. And the industry isn􀆳t stopping

128、 there.Food productionWith a 3D printer, a cook can print complicated chocolate sculptures and beautiful pieces for decoration on a wedding cake. Not everybody can do thatit takes years of experience, but a printer makes it easy. A restaurant in Spain uses a Foodini to“re-create forms and pieces”of

129、food that are“exactly the same,”freeing cooks to complete other tasks. In another restaurant, all of the dishes and desserts it serves are 3D-printed, rather than farm to table.Sustainability(可持续性)The global population is expected to grow to 9.6 billion by 2050, and some analysts estimate that food

130、production will need to be raised by 50 percent to maintain current levels. Sustainability is becoming a necessity. 3D food printing could probably contribute to the solution. Some experts believe printers could use hydrocolloids(水解胶体)from plentiful renewables like algae(藻类)and grass to replace the

131、familiar ingredients(烹饪原料). 3D printing can reduce fuel use and emissions. Grocery stores of the future might stock“food”that lasts years on end, freeing up shelf space and reducing transportation and storage requirements.NutritionFuture 3D food printers could make processed food healthier. Hod Lips

132、on, a professor at Columbia University, said,“Food printing could allow consumers to print food with customized nutritional content, like vitamins. So instead of eating a piece of yesterday􀆳s bread from the supermarket, you􀆳d eat something baked just for you on demand.”ChallengesDe

133、spite recent advancements in 3D food printing, the industry has many challenges to overcome. Currently, most ingredients must be changed to a paste(糊状物)before a printer can use them, and the printing process is quite time-consuming, because ingredients interact with each other in very complex ways.

134、On top of that, most of the 3D food printers now are restricted to dry ingredients because meat and milk products may easily go bad. Some experts are skeptical about 3D food printers, believing they are better suited for fast food restaurants than homes and high-end restaurants.1.What benefit does 3

135、D printing bring to food production?A.It helps cooks to create new dishes.B.It saves time and effort in cooking.C.It improves the cooking conditions.D.It contributes to restaurant decorations.2.What can we learn about 3D food printing from Paragraph 3?A.It solves food shortages easily.B.It quickens

136、the transportation of food.C.It needs no space for the storage of food.D.It uses renewable materials as sources of food.3.According to Paragraph 4, 3D-printed food.A.is more available to consumersB.can meet individual nutritional needsC.is more tasty than food in supermarketsD.can keep all the nutri

137、tion in raw materials4.What is the main factor that prevents 3D food printing from spreading widely?A.The printing process is complicated.B.3D food printers are too expensive.C.Food materials have to be dry.D.Some experts doubt 3D food printing.5.What could be the best title of the passage?A.3D Food

138、 Printing:Delicious New TechnologyB.A New Way to Improve 3D Food PrintingC.The Challenges for 3D Food ProductionD.3D Food Printing:From Farm to Table答案语篇解读文章介绍了3D打印技术在食品领域的应用。它可以节省时间,减少制作食物付出的努力,增加食物供应的持续性,增加食品营养的个性化,当然也面临着很多挑战。1.B2.D3.B4.C5.APassage 16 (2018北京,C)话题:科普知识难度:中词数:345Plastic-Eating Worm

139、sHumans produce more than 300 million tons of plastic every year. Almost half of that winds up in landfills(垃圾填埋场), and up to 12 million tons pollute the oceans. So far there is no effective way to get rid of it, but a new study suggests an answer may lie in the stomachs of some hungry worms.Researc

140、hers in Spain and England recently found that the worms of the greater wax moth can break down polyethylene, which accounts for 40% of plastics. The team left 100 wax worms on a commercial polyethylene shopping bag for 12 hours, and the worms consumed and broke down about 92 milligrams, or almost 3%

141、 of it. To confirm that the worms􀆳 chewing alone was not responsible for the polyethylene breakdown, the researchers made some worms into paste(糊状物)and applied it to plastic films. 14 hours later the films had lost 13% of their massapparently broken down by enzymes(酶)from the worms􀆳

142、; stomachs. Their findings were published in Current Biology in 2017.Federica Bertocchini, co-author of the study, says the worms􀆳 ability to break down their everyday foodbeeswaxalso allows them to break down plastic. “Wax is a complex mixture, but the basic bond in polyethylene, the carbo

143、n-carbon bond, is there as well,”she explains. “The wax worm evolved a method or system to break this bond.”Jennifer DeBruyn, a microbiologist at the University of Tennessee, who was not involved in the study, says it is not surprising that such worms can break down polyethylene. But compared with p

144、revious studies, she finds the speed of breaking down in this one exciting. The next step, DeBruyn says, will be to identify the cause of the breakdown. Is it an enzyme produced by the worm itself or by its gut microbes(肠道微生物)?Bertocchini agrees and hopes her team􀆳s findings might one day h

145、elp employ the enzyme to break down plastics in landfills. But she expects using the chemical in some kind of industrial processnot simply“millions of worms thrown on top of the plastic.”1.What can we learn about the worms in the study?A.They take plastics as their everyday food.B.They are newly evo

146、lved creatures.C.They can consume plastics.D.They wind up in landfills.2.According to Jennifer DeBruyn, the next step of the study is to.A.identify other means of the breakdownB.find out the source of the enzymeC.confirm the research findingsD.increase the breakdown speed3.It can be inferred from th

147、e last paragraph that the chemical might.A.help to raise wormsB.help make plastic bagsC.be used to clean the oceansD.be produced in factories in future4.What is the main purpose of the passage?A.To explain a study method on worms.B.To introduce the diet of a special worm.C.To present a way to break

148、down plastics.D.To propose new means to keep eco-balance.答案语篇解读文章介绍了大蜡螟的幼虫,它胃中的酶可以降解塑料。1.C2.B3.D4.CPassage 17 (2017课标全国,C)话题:美国爵士乐难度:中词数:325Some of the world􀆳s most famous musicians recently gathered in Paris and New Orleans to celebrate the first annual International Jazz Day. UNESCO(Unite

149、d Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization)recently set April 30 as a day to raise awareness of jazz music, its significance, and its potential as a unifying(联合)voice across cultures.Despite the celebrations, though, in the U.S. the jazz audience continues to shrink and grow older,

150、and the music has failed to connect with younger generations.It􀆳s Jason Moran􀆳s job to help change that. As the Kennedy Center􀆳s artistic adviser for jazz, Moran hopes to widen the audience for jazz, make the music more accessible, and preserve its history and culture.“Jaz

151、z seems like it􀆳s not really a part of the American appetite,”Moran tells National Public Radio􀆳s reporter Neal Conan.“What I􀆳m hoping to accomplish is that my generation and younger start to reconsider and understand that jazz is not black and white anymore. It􀆳s

152、 actually color, and it􀆳s actually digital.”Moran says one of the problems with jazz today is that the entertainment aspect of the music has been lost.“The music can􀆳t be presented today the way it was in 1908 or 1958.It has to continue to move, because the way the world works is n

153、ot the same,”says Moran.Last year, Moran worked on a project that arranged Fats Waller􀆳s music for a dance party,“just to kind of put it back in the mind that Waller is dance music as much as it is concert music,”says Moran.“For me, it􀆳s the recontextualization. In music, where doe

154、s the emotion(情感)lie?Are we, as humans, gaining any insight(感悟)on how to talk about ourselves and how something as abstract as a Charlie Parker record gets us into a dialogue about our emotions and our thoughts?Sometimes we lose sight that the music has a wider context,”says Moran,“so I want to cont

155、inue those dialogues. Those are the things I want to foster.”1.Why did UNESCO set April 30 as International Jazz Day?A.To remember the birth of jazz.B.To protect cultural diversity.C.To encourage people to study music.D.To recognize the value of jazz.2.What does the underlined word“that”in paragraph

156、 3 refer to?A.Jazz becoming more accessible.B.The production of jazz growing faster.C.Jazz being less popular with the young.D.The jazz audience becoming larger.3.What can we infer about Moran􀆳s opinion on jazz?A.It will disappear gradually.B.It remains black and white.C.It should keep up w

157、ith the times.D.It changes every 50 years.4.Which of the following can be the best title for the text?A.Exploring the Future of JazzB.The Rise and Fall of JazzC.The Story of a Jazz MusicianD.Celebrating the Jazz Day答案语篇解读虽然美国爵士乐在文化交流中起着积极的作用,但是它的前景堪忧。目前爵士乐的听众越来越少,且年轻人不喜欢爵士乐。Moran试图改变其现状,他建议爵士乐要与时俱进,

158、运用多种元素来适应现实,让其成为一种年轻人喜欢的艺术表现形式。1.D2.C3.C4.APassage 18 (2017课标全国,D)话题:老年人驾车安全难度:难词数:324The Intelligent Transport team at Newcastle University have turned an electric car into a mobile laboratory named “DriveLAB” in order to understand the challenges faced by older drivers and to discover where the ke

159、y stress points are.Research shows that giving up driving is one of the key reasons for a fall in health and well-being among older people, leading to them becoming more isolated(隔绝) and inactive. Led by Professor Phil Blythe, the Newcastle team are developing in-vehicle technologies for older drive

160、rs which they hope could help them to continue driving into later life.These include custom-made navigation(导航) tools, night vision systems and intelligent speed adaptations. Phil Blythe explains:“For many older people, particularly those living alone or in the country, driving is important for pres

161、erving their independence, giving them the freedom to get out and about without having to rely on others.”“But we all have to accept that as we get older our reactions slow down and this often results in people avoiding any potentially challenging driving conditions and losing confidence in their dr

162、iving skills. The result is that people stop driving before they really need to.”Dr Amy Guo, the leading researcher on the older driver study, explains: “The DriveLAB is helping us to understand what the key stress points and difficulties are for older drivers and how we might use technology to addr

163、ess these problems.”“For example, most of us would expect older drivers always go slower than everyone else but surprisingly, we found that in 30mph zones they struggled to keep at a constant speed and so were more likely to break the speed limit and be at risk of getting fined. We􀆳re looki

164、ng at the benefits of systems which control their speed as a way of preventing that.”“We hope that our work will help with technological solutions(解决方案) to ensure that older drivers stay safer behind the wheel.”1.What is the purpose of the DriveLAB?A.To explore new means of transport.B.To design new

165、 types of cars.C.To find out older drivers􀆳 problems.D.To teach people traffic rules.2.Why is driving important for older people according to Phil Blythe?A.It keeps them independent.B.It helps them save time.C.It builds up their strength.D.It cures their mental illnesses.3.What do researche

166、rs hope to do for older drivers?A.Improve their driving skills.B.Develop driver-assist technologies.C.Provide tips on repairing their cars.D.Organize regular physical checkups.4.What is the best title for the text?A.A New Model Electric CarB.A Solution to Traffic ProblemsC.Driving Services for Elder

167、sD.Keeping Older Drivers on the Road答案语篇解读本文主要介绍了纽卡斯尔大学智能交通工具研究团队把一辆电动汽车变成了一个移动实验室,其目的是了解老年人驾驶车辆时所面临的各种挑战并找到老年人的重要压力点,以便运用科技手段辅助老年人克服各种困难,保障他们的驾车安全,从而延长他们的驾龄。1.C2.A3.B4.DPassage 19 (2017天津,A)话题:电子邮件问题难度:易词数:307Suppose you􀆳re in a rush, feeling tired, not paying attention to your screen, and

168、 you send an email that could get you in trouble.Realisation will probably set in seconds after you􀆳ve clicked “send”. You freeze in horror and burn with shame.What to do?Here are four common email accidents, and how to recover.Clicking “send”too soonDon􀆳t waste your time trying to

169、 find out if the receiver has read it yet. Write another email as swiftly as you can and send it with a brief title explaining that this is the correct version and the previous version should be ignored.Writing the wrong nameThe sooner you notice, the better. Respond quickly and briefly, apologising

170、 for your mistake. Keep the tone measured:don􀆳t handle it too lightly, as people can be offended, especially if your error suggests a misunderstanding of their culture(i.e. incorrect ordering of Chinese names).Clicking “reply all”unintentionallyYou accidentally reveal(透露)to the entire compa

171、ny what menu choices you would prefer at the staff Christmas dinner, or what holiday you􀆳d like to take. In this instance, the best solution is to send a quick, light-hearted apology to explain your awkwardness. But it can quickly rise to something worse, when everyone starts hitting “reply

172、 all” to join in a long and unpleasant conversation. In this instance, step away from your keyboard to allow everyone to calm down.Sending an offensive message to its subjectThe most awkward email mistake is usually committed in anger. You write an unkind message about someone, intending to send it

173、to a friend, but accidentally send it to the person you􀆳re discussing. In that case, ask to speak in person as soon as possible and say sorry. Explain your frustrations calmly and sensiblysee it as an opportunity to clear up any difficulties you may have with this person.1.After realising a

174、n email accident, you are likely to feel .A.curiousB.tiredC.awfulD.funny2.If you have written the wrong name in an email, it is best to .A.apologise in a serious mannerB.tell the receiver to ignore the errorC.learn to write the name correctlyD.send a short notice to everyone3.What should you do when

175、 an unpleasant conversation is started by your “reply all”email?A.Try offering other choices.B.Avoid further involvement.C.Meet other staff members.D.Make a light-hearted apology.4.How should you deal with the problem caused by an offensive email?A.By promising not to offend the receiver again.B.By

176、seeking support from the receiver􀆳s friends.C.By asking the receiver to control his anger.D.By talking to the receiver face to face.5.What is the passage mainly about?A.Defining email errors.B.Reducing email mistakes.C.Handling email accidents.D.Improving email writing.答案语篇解读在日常生活中你可能会不经意发错

177、电子邮件,造成不必要的尴尬或冒犯到别人。本文就这个问题提出了几种解决办法。1.C2.A3.B4.D5.CPassage 20 (2017北京,C)话题:科普知识难度:中词数:358Measles(麻疹), which once killed 450 children each year and disabled even more, was nearly wiped out in the United States 14 years ago by the universal use of the MMR vaccine(疫苗). But the disease is making a come

178、back, caused by a growing anti-vaccine movement and misinformation that is spreading quickly. Already this year, 115 measles cases have been reported in the USA, compared with 189 for all of last year.The numbers might sound small, but they are the leading edge of a dangerous trend. When vaccination

179、 rates are very high, as they still are in the nation as a whole, everyone is protected. This is called“herd immunity”, which protects the people who get hurt easily, including those who can􀆳t be vaccinated for medical reasons, babies too young to get vaccinated and people on whom the vacci

180、ne doesn􀆳t work.But herd immunity works only when nearly the whole herd joins in. When some refuse vaccination and seek a free ride, immunity breaks down and everyone is in even bigger danger.That􀆳s exactly what is happening in small neighborhoods around the country from Orange Cou

181、nty, California, where 22 measles cases were reported this month, to Brooklyn, N.Y., where a 17-year-old caused an outbreak last year.The resistance to vaccine has continued for decades, and it is driven by a real but very small risk. Those who refuse to take that risk selfishly make others suffer.M

182、aking things worse are state laws that make it too easy to opt out(决定不参加)of what are supposed to be required vaccines for all children entering kindergarten. Seventeen states allow parents to get an exemption(豁免), sometimes just by signing a paper saying they personally object to a vaccine.Now, seve

183、ral states are moving to tighten laws by adding new regulations for opting out. But no one does enough to limit exemptions.Parents ought to be able to opt out only for limited medical or religious reasons. But personal opinions?Not good enough. Everyone enjoys the life-saving benefits vaccines provi

184、de, but they􀆳ll exist only as long as everyone shares in the risks.1.The first two paragraphs suggest that.A.a small number of measles cases can start a dangerous trendB.the outbreak of measles attracts the public attentionC.anti-vaccine movement has its medical reasonsD.information about m

185、easles spreads quickly2.Herd immunity works well when.A.exemptions are allowedB.several vaccines are used togetherC.the whole neighborhood is involved inD.new regulations are added to the state laws3.What is the main reason for the comeback of measles?A.The overuse of vaccine.B.The lack of medical c

186、are.C.The features of measles itself.D.The vaccine opt-outs of some people.4.What is the purpose of the passage?A.To introduce the idea of exemption.B.To discuss methods to cure measles.C.To stress the importance of vaccination.D.To appeal for equal rights in medical treatment.答案语篇解读14年前因为疫苗的使用,麻疹病在

187、美国几乎消失了。但是最近,美国麻疹病例的数量却呈小幅上升趋势,这无疑给人们敲响了警钟。1.A2.C3.D4.C题组二记叙文Passage 1 (2020北京,C)话题:工艺与科学难度:难词数:409For the past five years, Paula Smith, a historian of science, has devoted herself to re-creating long-forgotten techniques. While doing research for her new book, she came across a 16th-century French

188、manuscript (手稿) consisting of nearly 1,000 sets of instructions, covering subjects from tool making to finding the best sand.The author􀆳s intention remains as mysterious (神秘) as his name; he may have been simply taking notes for his own records. But Smith was struck mainly by the fact that

189、she didn􀆳t truly grasp any of the skills the author described. “You simply can􀆳t get an understanding of that handwork by reading about it,” she says.Though Smith did get her hands on the best sand, doing things the old-fashioned way isn􀆳t just about playing around with Fr

190、ench mud. Reconstructing the work of the craftsmen (工匠) who lived centuries ago can reveal how they viewed the world, what objects filled their homes, and what went on in the workshops that produced them. It can even help solve present-day problems: In 2015, scientists discovered that a 10th-century

191、 English medicine for eye problems could kill a drug-resistant virus.The work has also brought insights for museums, Smith says. One must know how an object was made in order to preserve it. What􀆳s more, reconstructions might be the only way to know what treasures looked like before time wo

192、re them down. Scholars have seen this idea in practice with ancient Greek and Roman statues. These sculptures were painted a rainbow of striking colours. We can􀆳t appreciate these kinds of details without seeing works of art as they originally appearedsomething Smith believes you can do onl

193、y when you have a road map.Smith has put the manuscript􀆳s ideas into practice. Her final goal is to link the worlds of art and science back together. She believes that bringing the old recipes to life can help develop a kind of learning that highlights experimentation, teamwork, and problem

194、 solving.Back when sciencethen called “the new philosophy”took shape, academics looked to craftsmen for help in understanding the natural world. Microscopes and telescopes were invented by way of artistic tinkering (修 补 ), as craftsmen experimented with glass to better bend light.If we can rediscove

195、r the values of hands-on experience and craftwork, Smith says, we can marry the best of our modern insights with the handiness of our ancestors.1.How did Smith feel after reading the French manuscript?A.Confused about the technical terms. B.Impressed with its detailed instructions. C.Discouraged by

196、its complex structure. D.Shocked for her own lack of hand skills.2.According to Smith, the reconstruction work is done mainly to . A.restore old workshopsB.understand the craftsmenC.improve visual effectsD.inspire the philosophers 3.Why does the author mention museums?A.To reveal the beauty of ancie

197、nt objects. B.To present the findings of old science. C.To highlight the importance of antiques. D.To emphasise the values of hand skills.4.Which would be the best title for this passage?A.Craftsmen Set the Trends for ArtistsB.Craftsmanship Leads to New Theories C.Craftsmanship Makes Better Scientis

198、tsD.Craftsmen Reshape the Future of Science答案语篇解读作者通过科学历史学家葆拉史密斯致力于被遗忘已久的技术这一事例来证明工艺造就了更好的科学家。1.D2.B3.D4.CPassage 2 (2018北京,A)话题:体育运动难度:中词数:319A month before my first marathon, one of my ankles was injured and this meant not running for two weeks, leaving me only two weeks to train. Yet, I was deter

199、mined to go ahead.I remember back to my 7th year in school. In my first P.E. class, the teacher required us to run laps and then hit a softball. I didn􀆳t do either well. He later informed me that I was“not athletic”.The idea that I was “not athletic”stuck with me for years. When I started r

200、unning in my 30s, I realized running was a battle against myself, not about competition or whether or not I was athletic. It was all about the battle against my own body and mind. A test of wills!The night before my marathon, I dreamt that I couldn􀆳t even find the finish line. I woke up swe

201、ating and nervous, but ready to prove something to myself.Shortly after crossing the start line, my shoe laces(鞋带) became untied. So I stopped to readjust. Not the start I wanted!At mile 3, I passed a sign:“GO FOR IT, RUNNERS!”By mile 17, I became out of breath and the once injured ankle hurt badly.

202、 Despite the pain, I stayed the course walking a bit and then running again.By mile 21, I was starving!As I approached mile 23, I could see my wife waving a sign. She is my biggest fan. She never minded the alarm clock sounding at 4 a.m. or questioned my expenses on running.I was one of the final ru

203、nners to finish. But I finished! And I got a medal. In fact, I got the same medal as the one that the guy who came in first place had.Determined to be myself, move forward, free of shame and worldly labels(世俗标签), I can now call myself a “marathon winner”.1.A month before the marathon, the author . A

204、.was well trainedB.felt scaredC.made up his mind to runD.lost hope2.Why did the author mention the P.E. class in his 7th year?A.To acknowledge the support of his teacher.B.To amuse the readers with a funny story.C.To show he was not talented in sports.D.To share a precious memory.3.How was the autho

205、r􀆳s first marathon?A.He made it.B.He quit halfway.C.He got the first prize.D.He walked to the end.4.What does the story mainly tell us?A.A man owes his success to his family support.B.A winner is one with a great effort of will.C.Failure is the mother of success.D.One is never too old to le

206、arn.答案语篇解读本文讲述了作者虽然没有运动天赋,但是通过坚持不懈的努力,最终完成了自己的第一次马拉松。1.C2.C3.A4.BPassage 3 (2017浙江,A)话题:名人介绍难度:中词数:326Benjamin West, the father of American painting, showed his talent for art when he was only six years of age. But he did not know about brushes before a visitor told him he needed one. In those days,

207、 a brush was made from camel􀆳s hair. There were no camels nearby. Benjamin decided that cat hair would work instead. He cut some fur from the family cat to make a brush.The brush did not last long. Soon Benjamin needed more fur. Before long, the cat began to look ragged(蓬乱). His father said

208、 that the cat must be sick. Benjamin was forced to admit what he had been doing.The cat􀆳s lot was about to improve. That year, one of Benjamin􀆳s cousins, Mr. Pennington, came to visit. He was impressed with Benjamin􀆳s drawings. When he went home, he sent Benjamin a box of

209、paint and some brushes. He also sent six engravings(版画) by an artist. These were the first pictures and first real paint and brushes Benjamin had ever seen.In 1747, when Benjamin was nine years old, Mr. Pennington returned for another visit. He was amazed at what Benjamin had done with his gift. He

210、asked Benjamin􀆳s parents if he might take the boy back to Philadelphia for a visit.In the city, Mr. Pennington gave Benjamin materials for creating oil paintings. The boy began a landscape(风景)painting. William Williams, a well-known painter, came to see him work. Williams was impressed with

211、 Benjamin and gave him two classic books on painting to take home. The books were long and dull. Benjamin could read only a little, having been a poor student. But he later said, “Those two books were my companions by day, and under my pillow at night.”While it is likely that he understood very litt

212、le of the books, they were his introduction to classical paintings. The nine-year-old boy decided then that he would be an artist.1.What is the text mainly about?A.Benjamin􀆳s visit to Philadelphia.B.Williams􀆳 influence on Benjamin.C.The beginning of Benjamin􀆳s life as an a

213、rtist.D.The friendship between Benjamin and Pennington.2.What does the underlined sentence in paragraph 3 suggest?A.The cat would be closely watched.B.The cat would get some medical care.C.Benjamin would leave his home shortly.D.Benjamin would have real brushes soon.3.What did Pennington do to help

214、Benjamin develop his talent?A.He took him to see painting exhibitions.B.He provided him with painting materials.C.He sent him to a school in Philadelphia.D.He taught him how to make engravings.4.Williams􀆳 two books helped Benjamin to .A.master the use of paintsB.appreciate landscape paintin

215、gsC.get to know other paintersD.make up his mind to be a painter答案语篇解读Benjamin 小时候喜欢画画,而且很有天赋。在他的堂兄和一位知名画家的影响下,他立志成为一名画家。1.C2.D3.B4.DPassage 4 (2017课标全国,C)话题:可飞行的汽车难度:中词数:317Terrafugia Inc. said Monday that its new flying car has completed its first flight, bringing the company closer to its goal of

216、 selling the flying car within the next year. The vehiclenamed the Transitionhas two seats, four wheels and wings that fold up so it can be driven like a car. The Transition, which flew at 1,400 feet for eight minutes last month, can reach around 70 miles per hour on the road and 115 in the air. It

217、flies using a 23-gallon tank of gas and burns 5 gallons per hour in the air. On the ground, it gets 35 miles per gallon.Around 100 people have already put down a $10,000 deposit to get a Transition when they go on sale, and those numbers will likely rise after Terrafugia introduces the Transition to

218、 the public later this week at the New York Auto Show. But don􀆳t expect it to show up in too many driveways. It􀆳s expected to cost $279,000. And it won􀆳t help if you􀆳re stuck in traffic. The car needs a runway.Inventors have been trying to make flying cars since t

219、he 1930s, according to Robert Mann, an airline industry expert. But Mann thinks Terrafugia has come closer than anyone to making the flying car a reality. The government has already permitted the company to use special materials to make it easier for the vehicle to fly. The Transition is now going t

220、hrough crash tests to make sure it meets federal safety standards.Mann said Terrafugia was helped by the Federal Aviation Administration􀆳s decision five years ago to create a separate set of standards for light sport aircraft, which are lower than those for pilots of larger planes. Terrafug

221、ia says an owner would need to pass a test and complete 20 hours of flying time to be able to fly the Transition, a requirement pilots would find relatively easy to meet.1.What is the first paragraph mainly about?A.The basic data of the Transition.B.The advantages of flying cars.C.The potential mark

222、et for flying cars.D.The designers of the Transition.2.Why is the Transition unlikely to show up in too many driveways?A.It causes traffic jams.B.It is difficult to operate.C.It is very expensive.D.It burns too much fuel.3.What is the government􀆳s attitude to the development of the flying c

223、ar?A.Cautious.B.Favorable.C.Ambiguous.D.Disapproving.4.What is the best title for the text?A.Flying Car at Auto ShowB.The Transition􀆳s First FlightC.Pilots􀆳 Dream Coming TrueD.Flying Car Closer to Reality答案语篇解读本文介绍了一种可飞行的汽车的研发情况。内容包括其基本技术数据信息以及预计价格,政府对该产品研发在政策上的支持以及对未来驾驶这种车辆的人员的要求等

224、。1.A2.C3.B4.D题组三议论文Passage 1 (2021全国甲,D)话题:社会进步与人类文明难度:中词数:314Who is a genius?This question has greatly interested humankind for centuries.Let􀆳s state clearly:Einstein was a genius. His face is almost the international symbol for genius. But we want to go beyond one man and explore the natu

225、re of genius itself. Why is it that some people are so much more intelligent or creative than the rest of us?And who are they?In the sciences and arts, those praised as geniuses were most often white men, of European origin. Perhaps this is not a surprise. It􀆳s said that history is written

226、by the victors, and those victors set the standards for admission to the genius club. When contributions were made by geniuses outside the clubwomen, or people of a different color or beliefthey were unacknowledged and rejected by others.A study recently published by Science found that as young as a

227、ge six, girls are less likely than boys to say that members of their gender(性别)are “really, really smart.” Even worse, the study found that girls act on that belief:Around age six they start to avoid activities said to be for children who are “really, really smart.”Can our planet afford to have any

228、great thinkers become discouraged and give up?It doesn􀆳t take a genius to know the answer:absolutely not.Here􀆳s the good news. In a wired world with constant global communication, we􀆳re all positioned to see flashes of genius wherever they appear. And the more we look, the

229、 more we will see that social factors(因素)like gender, race, and class do not determine the appearance of genius. As a writer says, future geniuses come from those with “intelligence, creativity, perseverance(毅力), and simple good fortune, who are able to change the world.”1.What does the author think

230、 of victors􀆳 standards for joining the genius club?A.They􀆳re unfair.B.They􀆳re conservative.C.They􀆳re objective.D.They􀆳re strict.2.What can we infer about girls from the study in Science?A.They think themselves smart.B.They look up to great thinkers.C.They

231、 see gender differences earlier than boys.D.They are likely to be influenced by social beliefs.3.Why are more geniuses known to the public?A.Improved global communication.B.Less discrimination against women.C.Acceptance of victors􀆳 concepts.D.Changes in people􀆳s social positions.4.

232、What is the best title for the text?A.Geniuses Think AlikeB.Genius Takes Many FormsC.Genius and IntelligenceD.Genius and Luck答案语篇解读作者主要阐述了人们对天才的认知。1.A2.D3.A4.BPassage 2 (2020天津,D)话题:怀疑精神难度:中词数:421After years of observing human nature, I have decided that two qualities make the difference between men

233、 of great achievement and men of average performance, curiosity and discontent. I have never known an outstanding man who lacked either. And I have never known an average man who had both. The two belong together.Together, these deep human urges(驱策力)count for much more than ambition. Galileo was not

234、 merely ambitious when he dropped objects of varying weights from the Leaning Tower at Pisa and timed their fall to the ground. Like Galileo, all the great names in history were curious and asked in discontent, “Why?Why?Why?”Fortunately, curiosity and discontent don􀆳t have to be learned. We

235、 are born with them and need only recapture them.“The great man,”said Mencius(孟子), “is he who does not lose his child􀆳s heart.”Yet most of us do lose it. We stop asking questions. We stop challenging custom. We just follow the crowd. And the crowd desires only the calm and restful average.

236、It encourages us to occupy our own little corner, to avoid foolish leaps into the dark, to be satisfied.Most of us meet new people, and new ideas, with hesitation. But once having met and liked them, we think how terrible it would have been, had we missed the chance. We will probably have to force o

237、urselves to waken our curiosity and discontent and keep them awake.How should you start?Modestly, so as not to become discouraged. I think of one friend who couldn􀆳t arrange flowers to satisfy herself. She was curious about how the experts did it. Now she is one of the experts, writing book

238、s on flower arrangement.One way to begin is to answer your own excuses. You haven􀆳t any special ability? Most people don􀆳t; there are only a few geniuses. You haven􀆳t any time?That􀆳s good, because it􀆳s always the people with no time who get things done. H

239、arriet Stowe, mother of six, wrote parts of Uncle Tom􀆳s Cabin while cooking. You􀆳re too old?Remember that Thomas Costain was 57 when he published his first novel, and that Grandma Moses showed her first pictures when she was 78.However you start, remember there is no better time to

240、 start than right now, for you􀆳ll never be more alive than you are at this moment.1.In writing Paragraph 1, the author aims to .A.propose a definitionB.make a comparisonC.reach a conclusionD.present an argument2.What does the example of Galileo tell us?A.Trial and error leads to the finding

241、 of truth.B.Scientists tend to be curious and ambitious.C.Creativity results from challenging authority.D.Greatness comes from a lasting desire to explore.3.What can you do to recapture curiosity and discontent?A.Observe the unknown around you.B.Develop a questioning mind.C.Lead a life of adventure.

242、D.Follow the fashion.4.What can we learn from Paragraphs 6 and 7?A.Gaining success helps you become an expert.B.The genius tends to get things done creatively.C.Lack of talent and time is no reason for taking no action.D.You should remain modest when approaching perfection.5.What could be the best t

243、itle for the passage?A.Curious Minds Never Feel ContentedB.Reflections on Human NatureC.The Keys to AchievementD.Never Too Late to Learn答案语篇解读本文旨在教育学生唤醒好奇心和不满足,完善自我。1.D2.D3.B4.C5.CPassage 3 (2018浙江,B)话题:环境保护难度:易词数:279Steven Stein likes to follow garbage trucks. His strange habit makes sense when you

244、 consider that he􀆳s an environmental scientist who studies how to reduce litter, including things that fall off garbage trucks as they drive down the road. What is even more interesting is that one of Stein􀆳s jobs is defending an industry behind the plastic shopping bag.Americans u

245、se more than 100 billion thin film plastic bags every year. So many end up in tree branches or along highways that a growing number of cities do not allow them at checkouts(收银台). The bags are prohibited in some 90 cities in California, including Los Angeles. Eyeing these headwinds, plastic-bag maker

246、s are hiring scientists like Stein to make the case that their products are not as bad for the planet as most people assume.Among the bag makers􀆳 arguments:many cities with bans still allow shoppers to purchase paper bags, which are easily recycled but require more energy to produce and tra

247、nsport. And while plastic bags may be ugly to look at, they represent a small percentage of all garbage on the ground today.The industry has also taken aim at the product that has appeared as its replacement:reusable shopping bags. The stronger a reusable bag is, the longer its life and the more pla

248、stic-bag use it cancels out. However, longer-lasting reusable bags often require more energy to make. One study found that a cotton bag must be used at least 131 times to be better for the planet than plastic.Environmentalists don􀆳t dispute(质疑)these points. They hope paper bags will be bann

249、ed someday too and want shoppers to use the same reusable bags for years.1.What has Steven Stein been hired to do?A.Help increase grocery sales.B.Recycle the waste material.C.Stop things falling off trucks.D.Argue for the use of plastic bags.2.What does the word“headwinds”in paragraph 2 refer to?A.B

250、ans on plastic bags.B.Effects of city development.C.Headaches caused by garbage.D.Plastic bags hung in trees.3.What is a disadvantage of reusable bags according to plastic-bag makers?A.They are quite expensive.B.Replacing them can be difficult.C.They are less strong than plastic bags.D.Producing the

251、m requires more energy.4.What is the best title for the text?A.Plastic, Paper or NeitherB.Industry, Pollution and EnvironmentC.Recycle or Throw AwayD.Garbage Collection and Waste Control答案语篇解读 文章论述的主题是一次性塑料袋究竟对环境好不好,塑料袋和纸袋哪个好。1.D2.A3.D4.A3年模拟题组一说明文Passage 1 (2022届河南许昌质检,D)话题:研究乌鸦大脑难度:易 词数:323Weh

252、9011;ve long known that crows exhibit extraordinary intelligence. These birds have inspired legends for centuries. But the more scientists know about their brain structure and behaviors, the more crows seem to resemble humans. John Marzluff, a professor from the University of Washington, has been st

253、udying crows for decades. He􀆳s explored the exceptional size and function of crow brains, their long life and lifestyle. “A big brain, a long life and sociality, those are really linked features,” Marzluff says. “You put those together, and it should sound pretty familiar.”To top that off,

254、just last fall other researchers determined that crows seem to exhibit a level of consciousness shown only in humans and very few of our mammal relatives. The breakthrough study published in Science showed that crows have an ability to draw on subjective experience from the past in order to solve a

255、task. This means the birds keep new information, or memories, in the front of their brains for extended periods, and use it in reasoning and dealing with new situations they meet. That is, for people and crows alike, the forebrain deals with higher tasks, including reasoned decision-making, problem-

256、solving and executive function. Taken together, these findings help explain the problem-solving and tool use in crows. The New Caledonian Crow, for example, has recently gained welcome for not only tool use, but its ability to make compound tools out of various materials. These birds have been known

257、 to make hooks and sharp spears that they use to catch insects in hard-to-reach places. In research labs, they􀆳ve successfully bent wire to grab baskets with food inside. “They understand the concept of hooking and pulling and spearing and what tools are needed to do that,” Marzluff says. T

258、hese reasoning skills appear to be significantly more advanced than primitive tool use, such as using rocks to break shells and other food that researchers have observed in some other animals.1.What does Marzluff mean by saying “it should sound pretty familiar”?A.He knows how to study crows.B.He is

259、very familiar with crows.C.The way crows live is related to humans.D.Crows have features similar to those of humans.2.What can we infer about crows according to the passage?A.They can draw pictures.B.They like to eat insects.C.They use tools creatively.D.They existed for centuries.3.What makes Marzl

260、uff think crows are more advanced than other animals?A.Crows􀆳 special size.B.Crows􀆳 better reasoning skills.C.Crows􀆳 longer life.D.Crows􀆳 way of raising babies.4.Which of the following can be the best title for the text?A.Crows, Like No OtherB.Legends of CrowsC.Cr

261、ows, More HumanlikeD.Evolution of Crows答案语篇解读文章主要说明了科学家对乌鸦的大脑结构和行为了解得越多,越发现乌鸦和人类很相似。文章详细介绍了研究开展的过程以及发现。1.D2.C3.B4.CPassage 2 (2022届昆明一中期中,C)话题:净化海洋的新型材料 难度:中 词数:298Cleaning up after an oil spill has always been a costly and time-consuming process that often harms wildlife and further damages the oce

262、an environment. But now researchers at Northwestern University have developed a “smart sponge (海绵)”to clean up oil spills in the ocean.This new approach is designed to only absorb oil, leaving the clean water behind without affecting ocean wildlife, according to a Northwestern news release. The secr

263、et of how the new sponge can selectively absorb only the oil lies in a nanocomposite coating and a carbon-based structure that attracts oil and drives water away. The composite􀆳s 3D structure interacts with and sticks to the oil, holding it until it is squeezed out.The best part is that thi

264、s composite can be used to coat any commercial sponge. All you have to do is apply a thin coating of it to the sponge and let it dry before use. The smart sponge can absorb oil up to 30 times of its own weight. Plus, it is reusable up to a dozen times. The researchers even came up with a plan for th

265、e best practice of the smart sponge. The sponge will come in large sheets that are rolled. While there are no limitations on the size, 23 feet in width will be enough. And the sponge can be used on a beach after an oil spill or airdropped to absorb oil in the ocean.While getting rid of fossil fuels

266、is the long-time goal, its continued use requires the liquid to be transported long distances and with that comes the risk of oil spills. When these occur, having a safer, more effective method to clean the affected oceans and fragile beach environments will go a long way towards saving our ocean wi

267、ldlife and coastlines.1. What􀆳s special about the smart sponge?A.Absorbing water quickly.B.Helping transport fossil fuels.C.Storing nanocomposites for a long time.D.Consisting of oil-attracting structure.2. What􀆳s talked about in Paragraph 3?A.The process of making sponges.B.The ef

268、fective way of transporting oil.C.The plan to reduce oil consumption.D.The practical application of the smart sponge.3. What􀆳s the author􀆳s attitude towards the smart sponge?A.Supportive.B.Skeptical.C.Concerned.D.Unclear.4. In which section of a newspaper may this text appear?A.Ent

269、ertainment.B.Lifestyle.C.Invention.D.Advertisement.答案语篇解读文章介绍了一种可以吸走泄漏的原油、净化海洋的新型材料。1.D2.D3.A4.CPassage 3 (2022届银川一中月考,C)话题:“健康疲劳”现象 难度:难 词数:350If one more person talks about the benefits of mindfulness, I will throw cabbage at them. Just kidding. But I do have lots of cabbage happily rotting away i

270、n my kitchen, thanks to the wellness obsession(着迷) that failed to keep my attention. This is a symptom of a phenomenon known as “wellness tiredness”.Wellness is seriously big business with a worth of $3.72 trillion and a healthy annual growth of 14 percent. To satisfy this consuming desire, brands o

271、f super foods and various exercise classes crowd in. “The problem with all this constantly changing information on what to eat or which exercise class to take is that people begin to form distorted(扭曲的) mindsets towards the idea of a healthy lifestyle,” explains Dr Bijal, a psychologist at Nightinga

272、le Hospital. “The least harmful result of a distorted mindset will be confusion. The most harmful would be serious physical and mental disorders like extreme dieting or over-exercising.”It􀆳s little wonder that many people are beginning to reject the idea of wellness and the lifestyle it adv

273、ocates. “I can􀆳t tell you the number of wellness accounts I􀆳ve unfollowed on Instagram,” one fitness-enthusiast friend tells me. When I ask her why, she tells me that the public pursuit(追求) of wellness has reached “the eye-roll stage”. Meanwhile, sales of fitness trackers and weara

274、ble wellness things have dropped sharply.Speaking of gym culture, which offers classes like hula hoop and yoga, it􀆳s also beginning to show signs that people are returning to more conventional forms of exercisesome that wouldn􀆳t look out of place on a school timetable.The whole poi

275、nt of wellness is that it should become such an everyday thing that you forget about seeking it. Living a healthy lifestyle becomes a given rather than something singled out as impressive and worth applauding. Now, more people are starting to cycle to and from work, swim on lunch breaks and even try

276、 to buy old school exercise bikes.1.What is the main idea of Paragraph 2?A.The wellness business costs people a great deal of money.B.People are faced with too many food and exercise choices.C.Distorted mindsets towards wellness cause harmful consequences.D.The wellness industry has been developing

277、at a steady speed.2.Why is the author􀆳s friend mentioned in Paragraph 3?A.To inform us wearable wellness things are not popular.B.To advocate the idea of wellness and a healthy lifestyle.C.To tell us that online wellness accounts are hard to follow.D.To show the public􀆳s unfavorabl

278、e attitude to wellness obsession.3.Why are people starting to return to traditional forms of exercise?A.Sports such as cycling are more impressive.B.People are treating wellness as an everyday thing.C.Classes like hula hoop and yoga are too expensive.D.People have come to know wellness is not so nec

279、essary.4.Which of the following is the best title for the text?A.The Importance of Living a Healthy LifestyleB.Are You Suffering from Wellness Tiredness?C.The Benefits of Mindfulness in the Wellness IndustryD.What is the Real Meaning of Wellness Obsession?答案语篇解读文章介绍了“健康疲劳”现象的产生、影响和危害,建议人们把健康当作一件日常的事

280、情。1.C2.D3.B4.BPassage 4 (2021安徽五校联考,C)话题:科技发展难度:中词数:335A robot navigates through the strawberries, detecting ripe ones, picking without bruising and placing them in its basket. It sounds futuristic but it is possible now thanks to Rubion, the strawberry-picking robot. This piece of Belgian innovatio

281、n is not only an answer to the labor shortage in the agricultural industry, but also allows growers to increase the quality of its producewhich in the end benefits the consumer.Demographic (人口结构的) and socio-economic numbers show that the labor shortage in the agricultural industry is a fact. But for

282、 Octinion the focus is clearly on adding quality. “Thanks to robotics, we have so many possibilities, much more than a human could ever do. Harvest prediction, picking according to market needs, simply picking when the berries are ripe instead of when workers are availablethese are just a few exampl

283、es of what is possible now for a grower,” says Tom Coen, CEO of the Octinion Technology Group. “The consumer will also notice the difference, as strawberries will be fresher and show less bruising.”Introducing robots in an industry where almost everything gets done by hand is more of a revolution th

284、an an evolution. It calls for close cooperation with all stakeholders (利益相关者). Tom Coen says: “Not only have we been working together with growers and test centers across the world for the past couple of years, but breeders have also been keen on being part of the technological developments.”In 2014

285、 a team of Belgian engineers started the development of the robot. In the meanwhile, Octinion wasn􀆳t the only company presenting a concept. Product Manager Laura Guillaume says it􀆳s not a surprise that the company from Leuven is the first to actually present a commercial product: “

286、by developing the robot from the beginning, we are able to make it practical in greenhouses or tunnels.” Octinion plans on launching harvesting robots for other crops in the upcoming years.1.What can we know about the robot?A.It can help solve the problem of labor shortage.B.It makes little differen

287、ce to the quality of the fruits.C.It is developed by a group of Belgian engineers independently.D.It has been put into use around the globe.2.What is Paragraph 2 mainly about?A.The good news of the robotic picking.B.The advantages of the robotic picking.C.How the robotic picking works.D.Different at

288、titudes to the robotic picking.3.What can we infer from the last paragraph?A.The robot was introduced to the market in 2014.B.Octinion is the only company putting forward the idea of the robot.C.The robot can be used in any situation.D.Various harvesting robots are on the way.4.What can be the best

289、title for the text? A.How robots pick strawberries. B.Fruits will be picked by robots.C.Strawberry-picking robots are presented. D.A new robot was invented.答案语篇解读本文介绍了一款可以采摘草莓的机器人。1.A2.B3.D4.CPassage 5 (2020南宁适应性考试,C)话题:科普知识难度:中词数:340We􀆳ve known that sitting for long periods of time every d

290、ay has countless health consequences, like a higher risk of heart disease. But now a new study has found that sitting is also bad for your brain.A study published last week, conducted by Dr. Prabha Siddarth at the University of California, showed that sedentary(久坐的)behavior is associated with reduce

291、d thickness of the medial temporal lobe(内颞叶), a brain area that is critical to learning and memory.The researchers asked a group of 35 healthy people between ages 45 and 70, about their activity levels and the average number of hours each day spent sitting and then scanned their brains. They found t

292、hat the subjects who reported sitting for longer periods had the thinnest medial temporal lobes. It means that the more time you spend in a chair, the worse it is for your brain health, resulting in possible damage to learning and memory.What is also interesting is that this study did no find a sign

293、ificant association between the level of physical activity and thickness of this brain area, suggesting that exercise, even severe exercise, may not be enough to protect you from the harmful effects of sitting.It then surprisingly turned out that you don􀆳t even have to move much to enhance

294、cognition(认知);just standing will do the trick. For example, two groups of subjects were asked to complete a test while either sitting or standing. Participants are presented with conflicting stimuli(刺激), like the word “green” in blue ink, and asked to name the color. Subjects thinking on their feet

295、beat those who sat by a 32-millisecond margin.The cognitive effects of severe physical exercise are well known,but the possibility that standing more and sitting less improves brain health could lower the bar for everyone.I know, this all runs counter to received ideas about deep thought, from our g

296、rade school teachers,who told us to sit down and focus, and to Rodin􀆳s famous “Thinker,” seated with his chin on one hand.They were wrong. You can now all stand up.1.What can we infer from Paragraphs 3 and 4?A.Severe exercise can lessen the damage of sitting.B.Severe exercise can greatly im

297、prove our brain health.C.Sedentary behavior will possibly damage our brain.D.Brain health has nothing to do with sedentary behavior.2.What does the underlined word “margin” in Paragraph 5 mean? A.Blank.B.Edge.C.Decrease.D.Difference.3.What is the received idea about deep thought?A.Sitting more is go

298、od for our mental health.B.Sitting is better when we think.C.Exercising more can improve our cognition.D.We should stand while thinking.4.The passage mainly tells us.A.people tend to sit while thinkingB.standing more can make our brain healthierC.physical exercise can improve our brain healthD.seden

299、tary behavior leads to countless health problems答案语篇解读本文介绍了站着思考能够使人的大脑更加健康、思维更加敏捷。1.C2.D3.B4.BPassage 6 (2020河南六市一联,C)话题:科普知识难度:中词数:409We􀆳ve known for years that plants can see, hear, smell and communicate with chemicals. Now, reported in New Scientist, they have been recorded making sounds

300、 when stressed.In a yet-to-be-published study, Itzhak Khait and his team at Tel Aviv University, in Israel, found that tomato and tobacco plants can make ultrasonic (超声的) noises. The plants “cry out” due to lack of water, or when their stems(茎) are cut. It􀆳s just too high-pitched (音调高的) for

301、 humans to hear.Microphones placed 10 centimeters away from the plants picked up sounds in the ultrasonic range of 20 to 100 kilohertz (千赫兹). Human hearing usually ranges from 20 hertz to 20 kilohertz. “These findings can alter the way we think about the plant kingdom,” they wrote.On average, “thirs

302、ty” tomato plants made 35 sounds an hour, while tobacco plants made 11. When plant stems were cut, tomato plants made an average of 25 sounds in the following hour, and tobacco plants 15. Unstressed plants produced fewer than one sound per hour, on average.Perhaps most interestingly, different types

303、 of stress led to different sounds. The researchers trained a machine-learning model to separate the plants􀆳 sounds from those of the wind, rain and other noises of the greenhouse. In most cases, it correctly identified whether the stress was caused by dryness or a cut, based on the sound&#

304、1049011;s intensity and frequency. Water-hungry tobacco appears to make louder sounds than cut tobacco, for example. Although Khait and his colleagues only looked at tomato and tobacco plants,they think other plants also make sounds when stressed.If farmers could hear the sounds, said the team, they

305、 could give water to the plants that need it most. As climate change causes more droughts, they said this would be important information for farmers. “The sounds that drought-stressed plants make could be used in precision agriculture(精准农业),” said Anne Visscher at the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, in

306、the UK.Khait􀆳s report also suggests that insects and mammals can hear the sound up to 5 meters away and respond. For example, a moth (蛾子) may decide not to lay eggs on a water-stressed plant. Edward Farmer, at the University of Lausanne, Switzerland, is doubtful. He said that the idea of mo

307、ths listening to plants is “a little too speculative”.If plants are screaming for fear of their survival, should we be thankful we can􀆳t hear them?1.What did Khait and his team find from their research?A.Plants made low-pitched sounds when in danger.B.Plants were able to produce sounds in r

308、esponse to stresses.C.Plants picked up a wider range of sounds when stressed.D.Plants made ultrasonic noises to communicate with each other.2.How did tomato and tobacco plants react to different stresses according to the text?A.A plant reacted to different stresses with the same sound.B.Cut tomato p

309、lants produced more sounds per hour than water-hungry ones.C.Cut tobacco plants seemed to make weaker sounds than drought-stressed ones.D.Tobacco plants might make louder sounds than tomato plants when short of water.3.What􀆳s the main idea of Paragraph 6?A.The potential applications of the

310、research.B.Challenges faced by farmers in the future.C.Farmers􀆳 contributions to the research.D.What the future agriculture will be like.4.The underlined word “speculative” in the second-to-last paragraph has the closest meaning to “”.A.practicalB.unsuspectedC.unsupportedD.complicated答案语篇解读

311、植物会因压力而发出尖叫声,这种研究结果对农业可能产生潜在的影响。1.B2.C3.A4.C题组二记叙文Passage 1 (2022届西南四省名校大联考,B)话题:明信片的意义 难度:易 词数:319As a teenager, when my family took a vacation, I wrote postcards to show my friends the new places I had explored. I considered postcards as simply a way to share travels until I came across my grandmo

312、ther􀆳s postcard album.It was a dark gray leather album, where most of the postcards had pictures that did not reflect a holiday or a travel destination. Instead, the notes were mostly invitations to a dinner party or a walk the next day.“Why do these postcards ask you to come to tea?” I ask

313、ed my grandmother.“Because this is how we communicated before we had a telephone,” she said. “I would pop a postcard in the morning mail, and a friend would receive it that afternoon. Then she􀆳d post a reply that arrived in my mail the next morning.”I was surprised. Life without a phone sou

314、nded like something out of Little House on the Prairie. Connecting by postcard seemed as unexpected as using a carrier pigeon.I had forgotten about my grandmother􀆳s postcards until lockdowns restricted our trips to seeing our three granddaughters. Remembering my grandmother􀆳s album

315、, I bought several sets of cards and every few weeks, I􀆳d write notes and mail them. The girls occasionally responded with brief thank-you texts.Then one day I opened my mailbox and spied three hand-addressed envelopes. They were from my granddaughters, each thanking me for the postcards. T

316、he notes captured their disappointment with the pandemic and described how my messages had comforted them.I had been thinking how my grandmother had accepted the telephone as a new way to keep relationships. Like her, I accepted the girls􀆳 preferred mode of communication and texted my thank

317、s for their letters. Yet, even as the lockdowns end, I will continue to send them postcards because everyone enjoys receiving a real letter in the mail.1.Why did the author􀆳s grandmother write postcards?A.To share travel experiences.B.To connect with people.C.To pass the time.D.To show love

318、 and care.2.What did the author think of life without a phone?A.It was strange and hard to imagine.B.It was peaceful.C.It was like life on the prairie.D.It was attractive.3.How does the author feel when receiving letters?A.Puzzled.B.Regretful.C.Delighted.D.Crazy.4.Which is the most suitable title fo

319、r the text?A.Attraction of PostcardsB.New Ways of CommunicationC.Love during LockdownsD.An Old Postcard Album答案语篇解读作者讲述了在不同的时期和社会背景下,明信片对于她和祖母的不同的意义。1.B2.A3.C4.APassage 2 (2021山西运城质检,B)话题:个人友谊难度:中词数:332I met David in Oslo in December of 2011, in the awarding of the Nobel Peace Prize, which was given

320、 jointly that year to Liberian President Ellen Johnson Sirleaf, Leymah Gbowee and Tawakkol Karman of Yemen for “their non-violent struggle for the safety of women and for women􀆳s rights”.I was accompanying Johnson Sirleaf as her long-time advisor. David was the special representative for th

321、e Financial Times for the Middle East and Africa. Soon we became good friends and partners in many projects. David and I shared solicitude for Africa, where he found inspiration on the continent when he first visited in the early 1990s“so much hope and potential,” he would tell me. He chose to trave

322、l light. In that way, there would be no limit when he suddenly decided to take a field trip to a village in Sierra Leone to arrange for seven children to travel to France for surgery.Then David introduced me to his mother, Janet, a Holocaust (大屠杀) survivor, from Nowy Targ, Poland. Janet admired his

323、son so much. But I knew well that the pride David created for her came with a self-added burdento make her worthy suffering and sacrifice. This was because my grandmother, Manja Pakter Kroner, was a survivor of Berlin Holocaust, and I too lived to make her proud.In 2014, after two dozen publishers h

324、ad turned down my book, David agreed to take it on, with his one-man publishing house, Kiwai Media, and his good friend, play writer John Strand, as my editor. The book, Choosing the Hero: My Improbable Journey and the Rise of Africa􀆳s First Woman President was released in May 2016 and earn

325、ed high praise.In 2019, David moved back to his native New Jersey, where he passed away while shooting baskets with his eldest son. We lost him much too soon, but I take comfort in knowing that his spirit will last forever.1.Which has the closest meaning to the underlined word “solicitude” in Paragr

326、aph 2?A.Concern. B.Talent. C.Comment. D.Expectation.2.What does the author have in common with David?A.They liked travelling around the world.B.They tried to make their families proud.C.They were famous writers in their time.D.They contributed much to women􀆳s rights.3.What do we know about

327、the book “Choosing the Hero”?A.It won the Nobel Literature Prize.B.It gained publishers􀆳 welcome.C.It was really highly spoken of.D.It was published easily at first.4.What is the best title for the text?A.A Precious Gift to the WorldB.A Significant Life JourneyC.A Remarkable Book ReviewD.A

328、Respectable Close Friend答案语篇解读文章主要介绍了作者和已故好友David相识、相知的过程以及David对自己的帮助和影响,抒发了作者对好友的怀念之情。1.A2.B3.C4.D题组三议论文Passage 1 (2022届南昌实验中学模考,C)话题:扫雪机父母难度:难 词数:348Move over, helicopter parents. “Snowplow (扫雪机) parents” are the newest reflection of an intensive (集中的) parenting style that can include parents boo

329、king their adult children haircuts, texting their college kids to wake them up so they don􀆳t sleep through a test, and even calling their kids􀆳 employers.Helicopter parenting, the practice of wandering anxiously near one􀆳s children, monitoring their every activity, is so 2

330、0th century. Some rich mothers and fathers now are more like snowplows: machines moving ahead, clearing any difficulties in their children􀆳s path to success, so they don􀆳t have to suffer failure, frustration (挫败) or lost opportunities.It starts early, when parents get on wait lists

331、 for excellent preschools before their babies􀆳 birth and try to make sure their kids never do anything that may frustrate them. It gets more intense when school starts: running forgotten homework to school or calling a coach to request that their children make the team.Rich parents may have

332、 more time and money to devote to making sure their children don􀆳t ever meet with failure, but it􀆳s not only rich parents practicing snowplow parenting. This intensive parenting has become the most welcome way to raise children, regardless of income, education, or race.Yes, ith

333、9011;s parents􀆳 job to support the children, and to use their adult wisdom to prepare for the future when their children aren􀆳t mature enough to do so. That􀆳s why parents hide certain toys from babies to avoid getting angry or take away a teenager􀆳s car keys until

334、 he finishes his college applications.But snowplow parents can take it too far, some experts say. If children have never faced difficulties, what happens when they get into the real world?“Solving problems, taking risks and overcoming frustration are key life skills,” many child development experts

335、say, “and if parents don􀆳t let their children experience failure, the children don􀆳t acquire them.”1. What do we know about snowplow parenting?A.It appeared before helicopter parenting.B.It costs parents less than helicopter parenting.C.It was a typical phenomenon of the 20th centu

336、ry.D.It provides more than enough services for children.2. What is mainly discussed about snowplow parenting in Paragraph 4?A.Its cost.B.Its benefits.C.Its popularity.D.Its ending.3. Why does the author mention that parents take away teenagers􀆳 car keys?A.To show teenagers are no better tha

337、n babies.B.To advise teenagers not to treat their cars as toys.C.To advise parents not to buy cars for their teenagers.D.To show it􀆳s appropriate to help children when necessary.4. What􀆳s the possible result of snowplow parenting according to the experts?A.Children lacking problem-

338、solving ability in reality.B.Children mastering more key life skills than parents.C.Children gaining great success in every aspect of life.D.Children meeting no problems or frustration after growing up.答案语篇解读文章介绍了这样一个群体扫雪机父母,他们就像扫雪机一样为孩子清除人生路上的一切障碍。但是专家表示,这种做法是不明智的,会让孩子在现实世界中失去解决问题的能力。1.D2.C3.D4.APa

339、ssage 2 (2021百师联盟一轮复习联考,D)话题:远程办公难度:中词数:335The term “telecommuting” refers to a workforce arrangement in which there is no central office where employees gather and work. Instead, these employees work wherever they can access the people and materials needed to complete their projects and daily tasks

340、. One of the most common locations for telecommuters to work is their own homes. However,with today􀆳s advanced technological equipment, employees can work anywhere. Laptop computers and tablets allow for facile mobility, as do wireless Internet “hot spots”and even smartphones with high-spee

341、d Internet connectivity.More employers should consider the advantages of a telecommuting arrangement. It allows employers to hire people who otherwise would not be available. This includes parents with small children, the physically disabled, and people living far from urban centers. Plus, it allows

342、 for a more globalized business, since the company can employ people in all parts of the world, regardless of locations or time zones. According to a recent poll, approximately one in five workers telecommutes frequently, and nearly 10 percent never set foot in a traditional office. Still, some barr

343、iers do exist to more employers adopting a telecommuting work model. Liability insurance and workers􀆳 compensation in case of accidents can become serious issues, and all other applicable laws and regulations must be fully investigated. In addition, the long-established way to manage employ

344、ees has been to observe workers first-hand. Therefore, many companies do not allow full-time telecommuting for fear of a drop in productivity levels.However, most studies find that frequent face-to-face interactions through video-conferencing, as well as allowing for periods of adjustment to the new

345、 work system, are often all that is needed to overcome any obstacles. The advantages of telecommutingeven two or three days a weekfar outweigh any possible disadvantages, and most of the employers􀆳 concerns about telecommuting are unfounded. They are simply based on ignorance of new hi-tech

346、 breakthroughs or on fear of change to the traditional workforce environment. Clearly,employers today should not overlook the option of telecommuting.1.Which of the following best describes the author􀆳s attitude toward telecommuting?A.Afraid.B.Enthusiastic.C.Disapproving.D.Indifferent.2.Wha

347、t is the main point of the second paragraph?A.Virtual offices are not limited to the home.B.Telecommuting reduces rent and electricity costs.C.Telecommuting has numerous benefits.D.Living far from urban centers is no longer a problem.3.Why did the author write the passage?A.To describe the technical

348、 terms used by telecommuters.B.To criticize the greed of companies that do not allow telecommuting.C.To explain the reasons why some companies do not permit telecommuting.D.To praise the advantages of telecommuting.4.Which of the following states the author􀆳s opinion?A.Companies considering

349、 telecommuting should check on legal issues and union rules.B.There are no serious barriers in organizations􀆳 attempting to adopt telecommuting.C.To make telecommuting common, all companies must adopt video-conferencing.D.Telecommuting should not be allowed for fewer than three days a week.答案语篇解读作者论证了远程办公的好处,明确阐述了自己的观点,建议今天的雇主们做出远程办公的选择。1.B2.C3.D4.A