2022版高考外研版英语一轮学案：语法专项突破 专题二 第三讲　词性转换 WORD版含解析.doc

1、第三讲词性转换单句语法填空1(2020高考全国卷)Landing on the moons far side is (extreme) challenging.解析：考查词性转换。修饰形容词challenging应用extreme的副词形式extremely。答案：extremely2(2020高考全国卷)Branches of Plum Blossoms (梅花): The (beauty) long branches covered with pinkcolored buds (蓓蕾) make fantastic decorations.解析：考查词性转换。由于空后的中心词是名词bran

2、ches，所以只能用形容词。答案：beautiful3(2020高考全国卷)Filled with (curious), the artist packed his bags and left.解析：考查词性转换。作介词with的宾语，用名词形式。答案：curiosity单句改错1(2019高考全国卷)To everyones surprising，the ball went into the net.surprisingsurprise2(2019高考全国卷)First，I wanted to be a fireman，whose uniform looked so coolly.cooll

3、ycool形容词变副词的后缀变化形式例词直接加ly slowslowly缓慢地改y为i加lyhappyhappily高兴地去e加lytruetruly真诚地；正确地形容词变名词的后缀后缀例词ageshortshortage不足；短缺cyefficientefficiency 效率；功效fluentfluency 流利；流畅accurateaccuracy 准确性privateprivacy 隐私；私密domfreefreedom自由；自主wisewisdom 明智；智慧cedifferentdifference 差异silentsilence 沉默nessweakweakness 虚弱；弱点k

4、indkindness 仁慈；好意carelesscarelessness 粗心大意darkdarkness 黑暗thstrongstrength 力气；强项warmwarmth 温暖；热情truetruth 真相；真理widewidth 宽度ytyitydifficultdifficulty 困难cruelcruelty 残酷；残暴safesafety 安全disabledisability 无能；残疾responsibleresponsibility 责任动词、名词变形容词的后缀后缀例词ableacceptacceptable 可接受的comfortcomfortable 舒适的fashi

5、onfashionable 时髦的suitsuitable 合适的reasonreasonable 有道理的albenefitbeneficial 有益的musicmusical 音乐的originoriginal 最初的personpersonal 个人的；私人的centercentral 中央的；中心的naturenatural 自然的；天生的formformal 正式的nationnational 全国的续表后缀例词fuldoubtdoubtful 怀疑的forgetforgetful 健忘的harmharmful 有害的hopehopeful 有希望的peacepeaceful 和平的

6、carecareful 细心的useuseful 有用的successsuccessful 成功的helphelpful 有帮助的edscarescared 感到恐惧的confuseconfused 感到困惑的puzzlepuzzled 迷惑的worryworried 担心的borebored 感到厌倦的exciteexcited 激动的；兴奋的underlineunderlined 加下划线的balancebalanced 均衡的ingsurprisesurprising 令人惊讶的convinceconvincing 令人信服的satisfysatisfying 令人满意的worrywor

7、rying 令人担心的boreboring 令人厌烦的ibleaccessaccessible 容易达到的；容易取得的horrorhorrible 可怕的；恐怖的terrorterrible 可怕的iveactactive 积极的；活跃的effecteffective 有效的；生效的attractattractive 有吸引力的impressimpressive 给人深刻印象的instructinstructive 有教育意义的expenseexpensive 昂贵的ouscontinuecontinuous 不断的；持续的anxietyanxious 忧虑的cautioncautious 十

8、分小心的；谨慎的curiositycurious 好奇的humorhumorous 幽默的sometiretiresome 令人厌倦的troubletroublesome 麻烦的ytastetasty 美味的；可口的healthhealthy 健康的wealthwealthy 富裕的；丰富的dirtdirty 有灰尘的；脏的rainrainy 有雨的sunsunny 阳光明媚的cloudcloudy 阴天的续表后缀例词erneasteastern 东方的；向东的westwestern 西方的；向西的ishchildchildish 孩子气的foolfoolish 愚蠢的；可笑的selfself

9、ish 自私的icenergyenergetic 精力充沛的sciencescientific 科学的economyeconomic 经济的historyhistoric 历史上著名的aryimagineimaginary 想象中的动词变名词的后缀后缀例词ion/sion/ationcorrectcorrection 改正attractattraction 吸引concludeconclusion 结论；结束decidedecision 决定admitadmission 接纳；准许入学inviteinvitation 邀请explainexplanation 解释expectexpectati

10、on 期望er/orteachteacher 老师announceannouncer 播音员conductconductor 指挥；售票员mentpunishpunishment 惩罚achieveachievement 功绩；成就argueargument 辩论；论据equipequipment 装备；设备ance/enceappearappearance 出现；外貌performperformance 表演；节目existexistence 存在；生存preferpreference 偏爱inghearhearing 听力；听觉beginbeginning 开始ure/turefailfa

11、ilure 失败presspressure 压力mixmixture 混合；混合物departdeparture 离开；出发yrecoverrecovery 恢复；痊愈discoverdiscovery 发现其他choosechoice 选择varyvariety 多样化；种类tendtendency 趋向；趋势变动词的前缀与后缀前/后缀例词前缀enableenable 使能够largeenlarge 扩大richenrich 使充实；使丰富dangerendanger 危及courageencourage 鼓励后缀enbroadbroaden 使变宽riperipen 使成熟sharpsha

12、rpen 使尖锐widewiden 加宽shortshorten 变短deepdeepen 加深darkdarken 使变暗hardharden 使变硬ifyclassclassify 把分类justjustify 证明正确simplesimplify 简化beautybeautify 美化izeapologyapologize 道歉emphasisemphasize 强调memorymemorize 记住realrealize 认识到；实现表示否定意义或相反意义的前缀与后缀前/后缀例词前缀disagreedisagree 不同意advantagedisadvantage 缺点appeardi

13、sappear 消失comfortdiscomfort 使不舒适honestdishonest 不诚实的illegalillegal 不合法的logicalillogical 不合逻辑的impoliteimpolite 无礼的patientimpatient 不耐烦的moralimmoral 不道德的informalinformal 非正式的convenientinconvenient 不方便的directindirect 间接的前缀irregularirregular 不规则的responsibleirresponsible 不负责任的misunderstandmisunderstand 误

14、解leadmislead 误导unusualunusual 不寻常的willingunwilling 不愿意的happyunhappy 不高兴的knownunknown 不出名的后缀lesshopehopeless 绝望的endendless 没完没了的carecareless 粗心的helphelpless 无助的useuseless 无用的词性转换解题“三步一提醒”第一步：确定空处所填词的词性一般来说，名词在句中作主语、宾语或表语。动词在句中一般作谓语或非谓语。形容词在句中作定语，修饰名词；作表语，位于系动词后；作宾语补足语，位于宾语之后。副词一般在句中修饰动词或形容词、副词，作状语。第二

15、步：对所填词进行转换正确使用前缀和后缀。一般来说，前缀只改变词的意义，不改变其词性；后缀改变词性，而不引起词义的变化。第三步：确定所填的词能让整个句子意义连贯通顺特别提醒如果提示词为形容词或副词，有时考查的是其反义形式或形容词或副词的比较等级；如果提示词为名词，有时考查名词的单复数。语法填空典例1So far modern (platform)have taken the place of traditional focuses with a wider range of creative enterprises from smart infrastructure construction t

16、o design and robots.分析：分析句式可知，所填词在句中由形容词modern修饰作主语，因此确定填名词形式；由have可知主语是复数，因此答案为platforms。语法填空典例2If you take a nap during the day，especially if you take it too late in the afternoon，you will actually release some of that sleepiness and it will make it much (hard) to fall asleep and stay asleep sound

17、ly throughout the night.分析：根据句意可知此处表示“入睡较困难”，因此填harder。语法填空典例3The WHO announced，in 2014，a plan to fight obesity and invited governments to encourage its citizens to adopt a (sense) diet and to take some exercise.分析：分析句子可知，所填词在句中作diet的定语，因此用其形容词形式sensible。语法填空典例4During the teenage years，many young pe

18、ople can at times be difficult to talk to.They often seem to dislike being questioned.They may be (willing) to talk about their work in school.分析：分析句式可知空格处填形容词；根据句意可知此处表示“不乐意”，因此填unwilling。单句改错典例She devotes herself to teach and prepares well for every class. 分析：devote.to中的to是介词，因此teach改为teaching。单句语

19、法填空1By the time of his death (die)，he was the bestselling Chinese author，and over 100 million copies of his works have been sold in the world.2Almost all the fables he wrote are humorous (humor) and entertaining，appealing to people of all ages. 3His works have been widely (wide) translated into many

20、 languages including English，French，Korean and Japanese.4Flowering in May，peonies large petals and strong colors are linked to prosperity and richness (rich) in traditional Chinese culture.5If it is your first trip to China，we sincerely (sincere) suggest you should spend at least ten days visiting B

21、eijing，Xian，Dunhuang，Urumqi and Kashi.6Some microbes can make you sick.People usually call these ones germs.Luckily (lucky) for you，there are more helpful microbes，working together to keep you healthy，than bad ones.7Surprisingly (surprising)，10% of these chefs said that their favorite meal of their

22、entire lives was at a fast food restaurant!8Reading more can enrich (rich) your knowledge.9Her dream is to become a musician (music)10Dont judge a person by his appearance (appear)，which can be misleading.单句改错1A difficult person will be easier to cooperate with if understand is achieved.understandun

23、derstanding2The actually reasons for this phenomenon are the subject of a very heated discussion.actuallyactual3Its surprised what people will do for money.surprisedsurprising4Are you being completely honesty about your feelings？honestyhonest5Hopeful，well arrive before dark.HopefulHopefully.语法填空On M

24、ay 9, James Givens was sitting in the car when he 1. (hear) what sounded like a knock. He turned around only 2. (find) a goose pecking (啄) at the car door. This was highly unusual given that the birds normally preferred to observe humans from a 3. (distant)But on this day, the goose appeared to be d

25、etermined to get his attention and didnt stop pecking 4. Givens opened the car door and stepped out. Though the bird then began to walk away, it kept 5. (turn) around to make sure he was following. When they finally stopped, Givens realized 6. the mother goose did sohe needed help to free her baby g

26、oose that had got 7. (trap) in some balloon string.Worried that the mother goose would attack him if he got close 8. the baby, Givens called the local SPCA chapter. Unfortunately, they were 9. (able) to help right away. Concerned that the baby goose would not survive the delay, Givens decided to tak

27、e on the task himself.The mother goose watched 10. (patient) as Givens saved the little bird. As soon as the little goose was free, it ran to its mom.Givens said this was the most unforgettable incident in his life!语篇解读本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了一只母鹅求助人类去解救小鹅的感人故事。1解析：考查时态。文章讲述的是过去发生的事情，应该用一般过去时。答案：heard2解析：考查非谓

28、语动词。only to do表示意外的结果，意为“却发现”。答案：to find3解析：考查词性转换。冠词a后面应该用名词，from a distance表示“从远处”。答案：distance4解析：考查连词。根据语境可知母鹅一直啄车门直到吉文斯下车，表示动作一直持续到某个时刻，所以填until或till。答案：until/till5解析：考查非谓语动词。keep doing意为“持续做”。答案：turning6解析：考查名词性从句的引导词。此处指吉文斯明白了母鹅找他的原因，所以填why。答案：why7解析：考查非谓语动词。get trapped表示“被困”。trap和the baby goo

29、se是动宾关系。答案：trapped8解析：考查介词。get close to表示“靠近”，为固定搭配。答案：to9解析：考查派生词。根据本句中的unfortunately以及下句中的delay可知，此处表示“不能”，所以填unable。答案：unable10解析：考查词性转换。根据句子结构可知，此处需要用形容词patient的副词形式patiently修饰动词watched。答案：patiently.短文改错I am a Grade Three student in China. I hope to go to your university to learn English after f

30、inish my high school.English played an important part in our daily life but I like it so much that I want to be a teacher of English. I have some difficult in learning English. But I will study hardly to improve it if I have an opportunity go to your university. Besides, I like your city because it

31、has an environment which differs with my city. And I will make many friend and communicate frequently with him. I will appreciate it if you take my application into the consideration.答案：I am a Grade Three student in China. I hope to go to your university to learn English after my high school.English

32、 an important part in our daily life I like it so much that I want to be a teacher of English. I have some in learning English. But I will study to improve it if I have an opportunity go to your university. Besides, I like your city because it has an environment which differs my city. And I will make many and communicate frequently with . I will appreciate it if you take my application into the consideration.