2022版高考外研版英语一轮学案：语法专项突破 专题四 第三讲　名词性从句 WORD版含解析.doc

1、第三讲名词性从句单句语法填空1(2020高考浙江卷)Over thousands of years, they began to depend less on could be hunted or gathered from the wild, and more on animals they had raised and crops they had sown.解析：考查名词性从句的引导词。分析句子结构可知， could be hunted or gathered from the wild作depend on的宾语，且从句中又缺少主语。因此填连接代词what。句意：几千年来，他们开始对从野

2、外猎取或采集的东西依赖变少，而更多地依赖他们饲养的动物和播种的农作物。答案：what2(2019高考全国卷) While they are rare north of 88，there is evidence they range all the way across the Arctic，and as far south as James Bay in Canada.解析：考查同位语从句的引导词。分析句子结构可知，所填词引导同位语从句，解释说明evidence的具体内容，从句中不缺少成分且意思完整，故用that引导。答案：that3(2019高考北京卷)Does the name of th

3、e college you attend really matter？Research on the question suggests that，for most students，it doesnt.What students do at college seems to matter much more than they go.解析：考查宾语从句的引导词。在介词than 后用where 引导宾语从句，where在从句中作状语。此处表示“学生在大学里做什么事似乎远比在哪里上大学更加重要”。答案：where单句改错1(高考全国卷)My uncle is the owner of a res

4、taurant close to that I live.thatwhere2(高考全国卷)My classmates and I are talking about how to do during the holiday.howwhat在复合句中起名词作用的从句叫名词性从句。它包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句。引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类：从属连词： that，whether，if.(不充当从句的任何成分)连接代词：what，whatever，who，whoever，whom，whomever，whose，which，whichever连接副词：when，whenever，

5、where，wherever，how，why主语从句在复合句中起主语作用的从句称为主语从句。That you dont like him is none of my business.你不喜欢他不关我的事。Where we can look up his address is still a problem.我们在哪儿可以查到他的地址还是个问题。有时为了避免句子头重脚轻，常用it代替主语从句作形式主语放于句首，而把主语从句置于句末。主语从句后的谓语动词一般用单数形式。常用于以下句式：(1)Itbe形容词(necessary/right/likely/unlikely/wrong/importa

6、nt/certain/wonderful等)that从句It is likely that there will be a snowstorm tomorrow.明天很可能有一场暴风雨。(2)Itbe名词(短语)(a pity/a shame/a surprise/no wonder/the case等)that从句It is often the case that anything is possible for those who hang on to hope.通常对于那些怀揣希望的人来说一切皆有可能。(3)Itbe过去分词(said/told/reported/decided/sugg

7、ested等)that从句It is suggested that the lab building (should) be built next year.据建议，实验楼将于明年建造。(4)It不及物动词(seems/appears/happens/matters等)that从句It appears that they have made the same mistake.好像他们犯了同样的错误。宾语从句在句子中起宾语作用的从句称为宾语从句。He doesnt know where the post office is.他不知道邮局在哪里。Did she say anything about

8、 how we should do the work?关于这个工作我们该怎么做，她说什么了吗？动词find，feel，think，consider，make，believe等后面有宾语补足语时，需用it作形式宾语而将that引导的宾语从句后置。He has made it clear that the meeting will not be postponed.他已清楚地表明会议不会被推迟。表语从句在复合句中作表语的从句称为表语从句。The question remains whether they will be able to help us.问题仍然是他们能否帮我们。That is be

9、cause he failed to pass the exam.那是因为他未能通过考试。My suggestion is that you go there on foot.我的建议是你步行去那儿。特别提醒当主语是reason时，表语从句要用that引导而不用because。The reason why we didnt go was that we were notified too late.我们之所以没有去，是因为我们得到通知太晚了。同位语从句同位语从句在句子中作某一名词的同位语，一般位于该名词之后，解释说明该名词的具体内容。常见的接同位语的名词：belief (信任)，possibi

10、lity (可能性)，fact (事实)，idea (想法)，hope (希望)，doubt (怀疑)，news (新闻)，conclusion (结论)，suggestion (建议)，problem (问题)，question (问题)，order (命令)，answer (答案)，decision (决定)，discovery (发现)，explanation (解释)，information (信息)，knowledge (知识)，opinion (观点)，truth (事实)，promise (诺言)，report (报道)，thought (想法)，word (消息)等。引导同位语

11、从句的词有that，what，whether，how，when，where等。He has made a promise to his boss that hell return in three days as long as he can get to the destination in time.他向老板允诺，只要他能及时到达目的地就会三天后回来。The question where we shall have a meeting hasnt been answered.我们到什么地方去开会这个问题还没有人回答。同位语从句和定语从句的区别1意义不同同位语从句是名词从句，其作用相当于一个

12、名词，是对前面的名词作进一步解释；定语从句是形容词从句，其作用相当于一个形容词，是用来修饰前面的名词或代词。We heard the news that he had told her.我们听到了他已告诉她的消息。(定语从句)We heard the news that he had won the game.我们听到消息说他赢得了比赛。(同位语从句)2连接词用法不同引导定语从句的that是关系代词，除了起引导从句的语法作用外，还要在从句中充当句子成分，主要作主语、宾语或表语，作宾语时可省略；引导同位语从句的that是连词，没有具体意义，在从句中不作任何成分，一般不省略。A plane is

13、a machine that can fly.飞机是一种能飞的机器。(定语从句)The fact that they didnt finish the work has to be faced.必须面对事实，他们没有完成工作。(同位语从句)名词性从句中that与what的区别连接词句法功能省略情况that不作句子任何成分引导宾语从句有时可以省略what作主语、宾语、表语、定语不能省略I truly believe that beauty comes from within.我确信美丽源自内在。Pick yourself up.Courage is doing what youre afraid

14、 to do.振作起来。勇敢就是做你害怕做的事情。名词性从句中只用whether不用if的情况1在主语从句(主语从句放于句首)、表语从句、介词之后的宾语从句及同位语从句中；2后面直接跟动词不定式；3与or not直接连用。Whether the meeting will be held is still a problem.是否要举行会议仍然是一个问题。“疑问词ever”与“no matter疑问词”引导的从句的区别1“疑问词ever”可以引导名词性从句，并在从句中充当成分。2“疑问词ever”还可以引导让步状语从句。3“no matter疑问词”只能引导让步状语从句。Some people

15、believe whatever has happened before or is happening now will repeat itself in the future.(名词性从句)一些人认为无论以前发生过的事情还是现在正在发生的事情都会在将来重复出现。Whatever (No matter what) you do，you must do it well.(让步状语从句)无论你做什么，都必须做好。两步突破名词性从句第一步：识别名词性从句的种类1首先确定主句的谓语动词，确定主句的主谓结构。2分析从句在主句中所充当的成分，确定从句所属类型。第二步：分析从句结构，确定从句引导词确定从句

16、的结构和意义是否完整，结合句意填写适当的连接词。1若从句结构完整，用从属连词：陈述事实用that；表示疑问“是否”用if或whether。2若从句缺少主语、宾语或表语，则考虑用连接代词。3若从句缺少状语，则用连接副词。另外，还需注意一些特殊的引导词(如if，whether，because，as if等)的用法及that引导同位语从句与定语从句的区别。语法填空典例1So if you are unsure and still wondering the chocolate diet really does work or not，then it pays to make an appointme

17、nt with your dietician or doctor.分析：分析句子成分可知，空处在此引导宾语从句，表示“是否”，且后面的or not也是提示，因此填whether或if。语法填空典例2 we all know is that TV has many advantages.分析：分析句子成分可知，此处考查主语从句，空格处在从句中作宾语，故填What。语法填空典例3“Mozart Effect” is a term described in 1993 which aroused public interest about the idea listening to classical

18、 music somehow improves the brain.分析：分析句子成分可知，空格处在此引导同位语从句，解释idea的具体内容，且从句句意和结构完整，故填that。单句改错典例The reason for this is why I would like to share my knowledge with my students and help them solve problems. 分析：此处考查that引导的表语从句，the reason for sth.is that.意为“的原因是”，故why改为that。单句语法填空1When Jack gets home aft

19、er school is calculated so that Mom can ensure him warm meals.2What we used to see as something impossible is now becoming a reality.3The Merry Men include a king called Richard In the story，the king hides his identity and joins the Merry Men because he wants to see whether/if Robin Hood is corrupt.

20、4There is no doubt that the event will attract more visitors to enjoy visiting this wonderful city.5Helen McCarthy，an author and expert on Japanese cartoons，explained why the character is so popular.“Because Hello Kitty is all about happiness and friendship and fun.”6What has caused great confusion

21、is how he made it without anyone elses help.7What made the school proud was that more than 90% of the students had been admitted to key universities.8It gives us great delight that Chinese science fictions are becoming increasingly popular.9You dont know what a letter like that means to us.We usuall

22、y get nothing but complaints.10And through this process of comparison，it might be easier for us to understand how important belief really is.单句改错1The reason why he was absent was because he missed the train by one minute this morning.becausethat2That occurred to her that she might as well talk it ov

23、er with her friend.ThatIt3He said that French was the most beautiful tongue in the world，and we must keep it among us.and后加that4No one knows what soon the result will be announced.whathow5She told them her husband had taken the money and never told her how he did with it.howwhat或diddealt.语法填空My dad

24、is an enthusiastic runner who 1. (great) influenced me when I was young. So I was very sporty before the age of 14. However, when my family moved, my new school didnt pay much attention 2. sports and had no afterschool activities like football or running. Over the next few years, I stopped exercisin

25、g apart from during Physical Education lessons at school.It looked like I was 3. (health)；however，I was not.One day, I was late for a bus, tried to run after it and in under a minute was out of breath! This made me realize how unfit I was. 4. (help) myself get in shape again，I made a(n) 5. (decide)

26、that I would take up a kind of sport.A friend of 6. (I) suggested a swimming pool close to my house 7. she goes to a few times a week. Now, Im a swimming lover! I find swimming in the pool very 8. (relax). I swim for an hour three times a week. I hope 9. I will soon start to feel the benefits of reg

27、ular exercise, and will become 10. (fit) than before.语篇解读本文讲述了作者为了保持身体健康而参加体育锻炼的过程。1解析：考查词性转换。设空处作状语修饰influenced，故填副词greatly。答案：greatly2解析：考查固定搭配。pay attention to.意为“重视”。答案：to3解析：考查词性转换。设空处作表语，表示“健康的”，故填healthy。答案：healthy4解析：考查非谓语动词。“我”下决心开始运动的目的是让自己健壮起来，故填To help。答案：To help5解析：考查词性转换。设空处作宾语，且前面有a(n

28、)限定，表示“决定”，故填decision。答案：decision6解析：考查代词。设空处作介词of的宾语，应用名词性物主代词，且此处表示“我的朋友们”，故填mine。答案：mine7解析：考查定语从句的引导词。设空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰swimming pool，且在从句中作宾语，故填that或which。答案：that/which8解析：考查词性转换。设空处作swimming in the pool的补足语，说明在泳池里游泳是“令人放松的”，故填relaxing。答案：relaxing9解析：考查宾语从句的引导词。设空处引导宾语从句，作hope的宾语，且从句的结构和意义均完整，故填th

29、at。答案：that10解析：考查比较级。由than可知，此处应填比较级，故填fitter。答案：fitter.短文改错When I grow up, Ill work with animals. Though I dont know exactly how I can do for the animals yet, I can at least to follow my brother. He is a excellent vet. He looks after frightened snakes. He says that snakes are easy to deal as they d

30、ont have any legs. My father, a scientist, works to save rarely birds, some of that are really clever and can even say some words. My mother trains dolphins every workday. They practise in the pool. She hears the dolphins talk and sang. That sounds really cool! There are so many animal job to choose

31、 from, but which one is right for them? Ill have to wait and see!答案：When I grow up, Ill work with animals. Though I dont know exactly I can do for the animals yet, I can at least to follow my brother. He is excellent vet. He looks after snakes. He says that snakes are easy to deal as they dont have

32、any legs. My father, a scientist, works to save birds, some of are really clever and can even say some words. My mother trains dolphins every workday. They practise in the pool. She hears the dolphins talk and . That sounds really cool! There are so many animal to choose from, but which one is right for ? Ill have to wait and see!