2022版高考英语一轮复习 34 自然灾害与防范安全常识与自我保护课时提能练（含解析）.doc

1、课时提能练(三十四).阅读理解A(2020湖南六校4月联考，C)The hemlock (铁杉) trees along the Wappinger Creek，New York, look healthy. However, scientist Gary Lovett says the white balls which provide protection for the bugs are created by a tiny insect. Its hard to believe the tiny bug could kill a tree.However, trees can end u

2、p with millions and millions of the pests. When there are that many, it ends up killing the tree.The bug from East Asia is slowly killing trees across the USA.The troublemaking bug is just one of many invasive(入侵的) pests that have slipped into the United States. They can hurt other living things in

3、their new home.Many invasive pests arrive on wooden pallets piled inside shipping containers. They support and separate goods, and keep them from sliding around. Invasive pests often tunnel into the pallets. How can we stop pests from riding on pallets? Lovett says new rules are needed. The companie

4、s that make pallets dont want more rules. Congress has added an amendment(修正案) in the 2018 Farm Bill to try to solve this problem.However, Lovett is not hopeful that it will make much of a difference. Pallets are checked by inspectors. Many are sprayed with bugkilling pesticide. “I believe in the sy

5、stem，” said Brent McClendon, president of The National Wooden Pallet and Container Association. He also said shipping containers are checked very carefully.Still, each year 13 million containers are shipped to the US. Each is full of wooden pallets. Lovett says, “Inspectors cant possibly check every

6、thing. All it takes are a few bad pallets; we should get rid of wooden pallets.” He believes pallets should be made of plastic or ecocomposite wood.Ecocomposite wood is a mix of wood fiber and plastic.Insects cannot hide into it. One problem is that these choices cost more.They may be worth the extr

7、a money, though. Invasive pests cost the US. $5 billion a year. Trees dont just die in forests. They also die in cities and our yards. Then, they need to be replaced.That costs money, too.【语篇解读】本文为记叙文，介绍了美国铁杉树虫害是运输过程中使用的木板所携带的外来蛾虫所致。政府也曾为此颁布法案但收效甚微，有关人士也就此问题提出了相应的解决方案。1All the following statements a

8、re TRUE except that _.Apesticide has been applied to bugkillingBinvasive pests are native to Wappinger CreekCinvasive pests hide in pallets used in shippingDthe companies making pallets dont want more rulesB细节理解题。本题题干意为：下面哪项陈述是错误的？根据第二段第二句中的“invasive pests”可知此害虫为外来物种，故答案为B项。根据第三段中的“Many are sprayed

9、with bugkilling pesticide.” 可排除A项；根据第三段中的“Many invasive pests arrive on wooden pallets piled inside shipping containers.”可排除C项；根据第三段中的“The companies that make pallets dont want more rules.”可排除D项。2What can we infer from the passage?ABugs can be easily spotted by eyes.BBugs ruin the shipped goods slow

10、ly.CBugs wont bother the tree if just in small numbers.DBugs cover trees with white soft balls for protection.C推理判断题。本题题干意为：从文中我们可以推断出什么？根据第一段最后两句“However，trees can end up with millions and millions of the pests. When there are that many，it ends up killing the tree.”可知答案为C项(如果那些虫子数量不多不会影响树木)。3Why do

11、es Gary Lovett want to get rid of wooden pallets?ABecause insects mostly die in them.BBecause plastic pallets are ecofriendly.CBecause they are not worth extra money.DBecause they are the major pest carriers.D细节理解题。本题题干意为：为什么Gary Lovett想要摒弃木板？根据最后一段可知：木板是铁杉斑螟蛾虫的主要载体，故答案为D项。B(2020山东日照联考，C)Rescue work

12、ers and thousands of volunteers are not the only ones who have won hearts and minds for their heroic efforts in the search for survivors after Tuesdays powerful earthquake in Mexico. Fifteen dogs from the navys canine(军犬) unit have assisted this week in the rescue efforts at the sites of collapsed b

13、uildings across Mexico City, where more than 50 people have been pulled alive from the ruins.Of the canine heroes none is more famous or loved than Frida, a sixyearold white Labrador who in her distinguished service has won praise for her ability to detect people who have been trapped by various nat

14、ural disasters. Over her admirable career she has found 52 people including 12 survivors in Mexico and other Latin American countries.This week，Frida and Evil and Echotwo Belgian Shepherds that have also been specially trained for rescue effortswere sent to the site of the collapsed Enrique Rebsamen

15、 School in southern Mexico City.Equipped with goggles that protect her eyes from dust and smoke, boots to prevent damage to her paws while she climbs over rough ruins, Frida took to her work looking over every part of the ruins.“If Frida detects the presence of a survivor, she is trained to bark to

16、alert rescue workers, but if she detects a corpse,_she stops suddenly before proceeding，” her handler explained.Eleven children were rescued from the ruins at the school，but this time human rescue workers rather than the dogs were the ones who located them.However, that hasnt stopped Frida from beco

17、ming a social media star and reaching a new level of fame this week.Videos and other social media posts that highlight the work of Frida and her impressive records of detecting people trapped by natural disasters spread quickly online.While she has yet to detect anyone trapped in the ruins this week

18、, she and other rescue dogs are continuing to work tirelessly, searching through spaces that humans cannot reach.With the possibility that there are still people trapped alive, time will tell whether she adds to her rescue records.【语篇解读】本文为记叙文，主题语境为人与自然。文章主要讲述了在星期二墨西哥发生强烈地震后，来自海军犬队的十五条狗参与了救援工作，其中Fri

19、da获得了大量关注。4Which of the following is the best title for the passage?ASevere Earthquakes in MexicoBUndertaking Rescue WorkCPeople Waiting for RescueDSpecial Rescuers in MexicoD标题判断题。通读文章可知，在星期二墨西哥发生强烈地震后，并不是只有救援人员和成千上万的志愿者参与了救援行动，来自海军犬队的十五条狗也参与了救援工作。故选D项。5What makes Frida a social media star?AHer res

20、cue records and tireless work.BHer cooperation with the rescue team.CHer cool appearance with some special devices.DHer ability to search spaces beyond humans reach.A细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“Videos and other social media posts that highlight the work of Frida and her impressive records of detecting people tra

21、pped by natural disasters spread quickly online.”可知，使Frida成为社交媒体明星的是它的营救记录和孜孜不倦的工作。故选A项。6What does the underlined word “corpse” in Paragraph 5 probably mean?AAn article of clothing.BAn unconscious animal.CA dead person.DA special signal.C词义猜测题。根据“the presence of a survivor”和转折连词“but”可推断画线单词corpse与su

22、rvivor意义相反，其意思为“尸体”，故选C项。7It can be inferred from the last paragraph that _.AFrida will achieve nothingBFrida will probably work miraclesCmore dogs will be sent to the areaDthe rest of the rescue will be done by dogsB推理判断题。根据最后一段中“While she has yet to detect anyone trapped in the ruins this week，she

23、 and other rescue dogs are continuing to work tirelessly，searching through spaces that humans cannot reach.”可知，Frida可能会创造奇迹，故选B项。C(2020辽宁丹东一模，C)This years flu season is pretty scary. To try to minimize the effects, public health officials are still urging anyone who hasnt yet gotten their flu shot t

24、o get one as soon as possible.However, even if every single person got a shot in the arm, the vaccine(疫苗)with its excellent 36 percent effectivenesswould not prevent everyone from getting infected with the annoying virus. Knowledge is power, so heres what goes on in your body when you come down with

25、 the flu.The influenza virus primarily attacks your nose, throat，and the tubes that lead to your lungs. But the flu is so much more than that. Your muscles ache, your head hurts，and your appetite goes down，among other things. To our surprise，almost all of these symptoms have less to do with the viru

26、s itself than with your immune(免疫的) response to them.Unfortunately, the very defense you have in place to get rid of the flu is the reason you feel so painful when you recover.The virus usually enters through your mouth, typically by way of your hands. But it takes a few days for symptoms to set in.

27、While this process might cause some harm to your nose and throat，its nothing major，and theres nothing like the symptoms that typically accompany a bad or even mild case of the flu.The real fun starts when your immune system begins to fight. Your immune system comes in two parts：the innate immune sys

28、tem and the adaptive. The innate immune system is essentially an allpurpose tool. As soon as your body senses the presence of any injury or invader(入侵者)，the innate immune system launches into action by producing tiny proteins called cytokines and chemokines.The cytokines reproduce almost immediately

29、 and start to attack the virus. This increase in immune cells creates a serious inflammation (炎症) throughout the body.But the worst is still to come.Meanwhile，the chemokines work with the adaptive immune system to help create T cells. These cells are a special type of white blood cell that works in

30、a much more specific way：they find the influenza virus, identify whats special about it, and create something unique on their surface that finds and destroys similar invaders.【语篇解读】今年流感盛行，疫苗也不能保证百分之百抵御流感病毒。了解流感的症状、传播途径、发病原理等尤为重要。8What can we infer from Paragraph 1?ANot all the vaccine is effective.B

31、No one can avoid catching this years flu.CThis years flu is not serious.DPublic health officials have to use a gun when necessary.A推理判断题。根据第一段的“the vaccine(疫苗)with its excellent 36 percent effectivenesswould not prevent everyone from getting infected with the annoying virus”可知，疫苗的有效率为36%，所以并非所有的疫苗都有

32、效，故A项正确。9Why do many parts of your body suffer while youre recovering from the flu?ABecause recovery from illness is painful.BBecause your immune system is working against your defense system.CBecause your body is fighting hard against the flu.DBecause the influenza virus attacks your nose, throat a

33、nd other parts.C细节理解题。根据第二段最后两句可知，几乎所有的流感症状与病毒本身关系不大，它们主要是免疫系统对病毒的反应造成的，对病毒的清除是你感觉疼痛的原因，因此身体不舒服是因为身体在清除病毒，故C项正确。10The underlined word “fun” in Paragraph 4 can be replaced by _.AjoyBbattleCactionDprogramB词义猜测题。根据fight可判断battle符合要求。免疫系统开始工作意味着真正的战斗的开始。11Whats the main idea of Paragraph 4?AThe fight be

34、tween the innate immune system and the adaptive.BThe categories of the immune system.CThe way the immune system works.DThe process of the development of the immune system.C主旨大意题。本段主要介绍了免疫系统是如何工作的，C项符合段落大意。.阅读七选五(2020浙江温州4月二模)Many health care workers know that washing hands is important to prevent th

35、e spread of an infectious disease. 1 During a study conducted by Nicas and Best at the university of California，Berkley，they counted the number of times when people touched their face with their hands. 2 Whether we are aware of our actions or not, most of us can agree that we touch our face with our

36、 hands frequently enough.Imagine that you are able to record a full day of your actions. Better yet, reflect on what you did when you woke up yesterday morning. Let me give you an idea of my previous morning. I was woken by the alarm clock at 6 am. 3 Then I checked my phone for messages, turned on t

37、he TV for my morning news, started making my coffee and finally hit the shower. It wasnt even 5 minutes from the time I awoke and I already touched different objects. The point of this is to be aware that even in our homes we are exposed to germs in places we dont realize.Luckily, the human body has

38、 amazing defense against harmful germs. 4 Our white blood cells are like soldiers coming to the rescue. Unfortunately, there are a lot of areas on our face that do not have the protection of skin such as our eyes and mouths. Theres a reason to every wise proverb and our parents annoying us to wash o

39、ur hands before dinner is not for nothing. 5 If you have children, it is even more important to set the example because children are known to learn from adults.Lets start a good habit of washing hands. As for your friends，dont be shy about checking to make sure their hands are clean.Asking someone i

40、f they have washed their hands is caring.Checking to see if someone has washed their hands will benefit not only that person, but you and your family.AOur skin is the first line of defense.BSeveral minutes later, I turned off the alarm clock.CIt is easy for us to admit that we wash our hands regular

41、ly.DThey are more selfaware that handwashing should be practiced as needed.EMost importantly, it is our duty to set the right example for friends and family.FThey found that the subjects touched their face 15.7 times per hour on average.GDo the rest of your family members, especially children，wash t

42、heir hands regularly?【语篇解读】本文是说明文。文章讲述了洗手有助于预防传染病的传播。尽管人体对有害细菌具有一定的防御能力，但是我们也要养成洗手的好习惯。1D根据空前“Many health care workers know that washing hands is important to prevent the spread of an infectious disease.(许多医疗保健工作人员都知道，为预防传染病的传播，洗手很重要)”可知，D项They are more selfaware that handwashing should be practiced

43、 as needed.(他们比别人更加意识到应该根据需要经常洗手)能够承接上文。故选D项。2F根据空前“During a study conducted by Nicas and Best at the university of California，Berkley，they counted the number of times when people touched their face with their hands.(在Nicas和Best在伯克利大学进行的一项研究中，他们计算了人们用手触摸脸部的次数)”和空后“Whether we are aware of our actions

44、 or not，most of us can agree that we touch our face with our hands frequently enough.(无论我们是否意识到自己的行为，我们大多数人都会认为我们经常用手摸脸)”可知，F项They found that the subjects touched their face 15.7 times per hour on average.(他们发现受试者平均每小时触摸脸部15.7次)符合上下文的语境。故选F项。3B根据空前“I was woken by the alarm clock at 6 am.(早上6点钟我被闹钟叫醒

45、了)”和空后“Then I checked my phone for messages，turned on the TV for my morning news，started making my coffee and finally hit the shower.(然后我查看了手机中的消息，打开电视听早间新闻，开始煮咖啡，最后洗了澡)”可知，B项Several minutes later，I turned off the alarm clock.(几分钟后，我关闭了闹钟)能够承接上文并且与下文连接通顺。该选项中的the alarm clock为原词复现。故选B项。4A根据空前“Luckily

46、，the human body has amazing defense against harmful germs.(幸运的是，人体对有害细菌具有惊人的防御能力)”和空后“Our white blood cells are like soldiers coming to the rescue.(我们的白细胞就像士兵一样来营救我们)”可知，A项Our skin is the first line of defense.(我们的皮肤是第一道防线)能够承接上文并且与下文连接通顺。故选A项。5E根据空后“If you have children，it is even more important to set the example because children are known to learn from adults.(如果你有孩子，树立榜样就更重要了，因为众所周知，孩子向成年人学习)”可知，E项Most importantly，it is our duty to set the right example for friends and family.(最重要的是，为朋友和家人树立正确的榜样是我们的责任)是本段的主题句。该选项中的set the example在下一句中出现了。故选E项。