2022版高考英语一轮复习 课时提能练5 必修1 Unit 5 Nelson Mandela— a modern hero练习（含解析）新人教版.doc

1、课时提能练(五)必修1Unit 5Nelson Mandela a modern heroA：知识层面.语境语法填空A(考查派生词)Hiller received his 1.education (educate) in Britain. In his 2.youth (young), his ambition was to help blacks gain 3.equality (equal), freedom and justice. At that time, deliberate 4.cruelty (cruel) to blacks was common. He himself wi

2、tnessed much 5.violent (violence) behaviour to blacks. With his 6.guidance (guide), black people fought for their human rights in a 7.peaceful (peace) manner. He worked very hard and his 8.devotion (devote) to his career won him great honour.B(考查动词)Ladies and gentlemen, its time for us 9.to vote (vo

3、te) to choose the star in our community. One candidate is called Amy. 10.Having devoted (devote) most of her time and effort to 11.educating (educate) deaf children, she 12.has been rewarded (reward) with many titles. The other candidate is Tommy, an antiterrorist expert. He has managed to prevent t

4、errorists from 13.attacking (attack) public places like hospitals and schools several times. OK. Now lets begin.C(考查句型)Recent years 14.have seen (see) a tendency in China that tourism is growing fast. 15.Since more people are travelling to places of interest, we suddenly find our country in a situat

5、ion 16.where we lack topquality tourism services. For example, 17.the first time I went to visit Dali, Yunnan Province, I was badly treated in a hotel. Its widely accepted that 18.only by improving the quality of service can we ensure the healthy development of tourism.根据提示补全句子 1你要想在音乐舞台上出名是很难的，因为竞争

6、非常激烈。It is difficult to make a name for yourself on the concert stage，where the competition is so fierce2我们生活在这样一个时代：机器做了以前由人做的工作。We are living at a time when machines do work which men used to do.3只有在获得大量资料后，才有可能筹划载人的火星之旅。 Only when a great deal of information has been obtained will it be possible

7、to plan a manned trip to Mars.4这部相机在他第一次使用时就散架了。The camera just came apart the first time he used it5经过他的窗前时，我看见他正在写作业。When I went by his window，I saw him doing his homeworkB：能力层面.阅读理解A(2020北京市高考适应性测试)Growing up，Deka Ismail says she let labels define what she could be.“I was a black girl，from a refu

8、gee (难民) family，” Deka said.“It was as if I was only allowed to explore in this predetermined box.”After a high school chemistry class inspired her to think about a career in science and gave her confidence in the field，Deka learned to live outside labels and began making big plans for her future.No

9、w she is about to begin her freshman year at the University of California，planning to become a professor.Born and raised in San Diegos City Heights neighbourhood，Deka is the daughter of a Somali refugee couple.While some might say Dekas success happened in spite of her background，she would say diffe

10、rently，that her experiences shaped her and inspired her to be the driven，young scientist that she is today.When Deka was eight years old，her mother got a job by studying hard back in school in order to support the whole family.That made Deka realize that education could make a difference to ones lif

11、e.She spent a lot of time in the library reading books，and didnt do many of the things her peers did，like partying or having romantic relationships.“I always felt like I had to be the perfect girl for my family，” Deka said.“You have to not even do your best but two times better than everyone else.I

12、felt like the whole world was waiting for me to mess up.”Dekas efforts paid off.The summer before her senior year of high school，she was accepted to the American Chemical Society Project SEED Programme.“She brought both enthusiasm and focus，” Botham，a researcher at this research institute，recalled.“

13、She arrived every day ready to work，ready to learn and ready to tackle new challenges regardless of whether or not she had done anything similar.”When asked what advice she would give to others like her，Deka warned them not to underestimate themselves.“Dont tell yourself that the scholarship is too

14、big or this programme is too competitive or Ill never get into this school，” she said.“I was not sure whether I could make it until I started seeing the acceptance letters rolling in.”【语篇解读】Deka是一个出生在难民家庭里的黑人女孩，8岁时受母亲的影响意识到了知识的重要性，从此树立了梦想。高中化学课激起了她对科学的兴趣，增强了她的自信心。通过努力她最终取得了成就。1From the passage，we ca

15、n learn that _ADeka was adopted by a refugee familyBDeka spent a lot of time going to partiesCDeka became a professor after graduationDDekas experiences drove her to work hardD细节理解题。根据第三段中的“.she would say differently，that her experiences shaped her and inspired her to be the driven，young scientist t

16、hat she is today.”可知，她的经历激励着她成为今天这样一个有干劲的年轻科学家，故D项正确。2Deka realized the importance of education _Afrom her mothers experienceBafter her chemistry classCby reading books in the libraryDthrough working at the instituteA细节理解题。根据第四段前两句可知，在Deka 8岁时，她的母亲为养活全家，通过重返校园学习获得了一份工作，这让Deka意识到教育能对一个人的生活有影响，故A项正确。3

17、According to the last paragraph，Deka advised that students be _ApatientBconfident Cambitious DgenerousB推理判断题。根据最后一段中Deka的告诫语(不要低估自己，不要告诉自己奖学金目标太高远，或这个计划太有竞争力，也不要告诉自己永远进不了这个学校)可推知，她建议学生要有自信，故B项正确。4What does the story intend to tell us?ALife is not all roses.BPractice makes perfect.CWell begun is half

18、 done.DHard work leads to success.D写作意图题。本文主要讲述了黑人女孩努力奋斗最终成功的故事，由此可知，本文旨在告诉我们努力可以带来成功，故D项正确。B(2020广州市高三年级阶段训练题)Lets begin with the story：King Hiero contracts the ancient Greek polymath Archimedes (阿基米德) to detect fraud in the manufacture of a golden crown.Archimedes accepts the challenge and，during

19、a subsequent trip to the public baths，realizes that the more his body sinks into the water，the more water is displacedmaking the displaced water an exact measure of his volume.Realizing he has hit upon a method to determine whether the Kings crown was made of gold or silver，the young Greek leaps out

20、 of the bath and rushes home naked crying “ Eureka! Eureka! ” Or，translated: “Ive found it ! Ive found it ! ”Too bad，however，Archimedes probably never uttered the word in that way.First and foremost，Archimedes himself never wrote about this episode，although he spent plenty of time detailing the laws

21、 of buoyancy (浮力)The oldest authority for the nakedArchimedes eureka story is Vitruvius，a Roman writer，who included the tale in his introduction to his ninth book of architecture.“ Vitruvius may have gotten it wrong，” says Chris Schmitt，a mathematician and a selfdescribed Archimedes fan.“The method

22、attributed to Archimedes in the story works in theory so it sounds right，but when you actually try it，you find that the real world gets in the way.”In fact，Schmitt is one of a long line of scientists，including Galileo，who have read the account and thought，“That cant be right.” As Galileo wrote，Archi

23、medes could have achieved a far more precise result using his own law of buoyancy and an accurate scale.In fact，the surface tension (表面张力) of water can make the volume of a light object like a crown immeasurable.“There may be some truth to it，” Schmitt adds.“Archimedes did measure the volume of thin

24、gs but the eureka moment was maybe due to his original discovery concerning buoyancy，not about sitting in the bathtub and then running through the streets naked.” Much like Newtons apple，the exclamation persists because of the enduring power of the story: a golden crown，a life being in the balance，a

25、 naked mathematician.The suspect foundations of the eureka moment take nothing away from the words ability to uniquely and concisely convey the flash of inspiration.【语篇解读】阿基米德在浴室中发现浮力定律的故事广为流传，但根据科学家的发现，该故事应该不是真实的。5According to the first paragraph，how would Archimedes measure the volume of the crown

26、?AHe would weigh himself with and without the crown.BHe would weigh the crown first and then put it into water.CHe would go to the public baths wearing the crown on his head.DHe would make the crown sink into water and measure the water displaced.D推理判断题。根据第一段中的“making the displaced water an exact me

27、asure of his volume”可推知，阿基米德会将王冠沉到水里面，然后通过排水量来测量王冠的体积，故选D。6What did Galileo probably think of the nakedArchimedes eureka story?AHe believed the word “eureka” was said in another situation.BHe suspected Archimedes didnt run through the street naked.CHe doubted Archimedes carried out the experiment in

28、dependently.DHe thought Archimedes would not have used the method described.D推理判断题。根据第四段中的“As Galileo wrote，Archimedes could have achieved a far more precise result using his own law of buoyancy and an accurate scale”可推知，伽利略认为，阿基米德能用其他方法得到一个更为精确的结果，而非浴室故事所描述的方法，故选D。7What can be inferred from the und

29、erlined sentence in the last paragraph?AThe word “eureka” is still widely used today.BThe word “eureka” is now a formal scientific term.CMost people accept the authenticity of the original story.DPeople are still inspired by the achievements of Archimedes.A推理判断题。根据画线句子的句意“eureka时刻的不可信的根据丝毫没有减弱这个词独特、

30、简明地表达灵感闪现的能力”可推知，eureka这个词直到今天仍被广泛使用，故选A。8What is the purpose of this text?ATo introduce the famous scientist Archimedes.BTo examine the credibility of the eureka story.CTo explain how the word “eureka” was created.DTo urge people not to use the word “eureka” anymore.B写作目的题。作者在第一段用广为人知的阿基米德在浴室发现浮力定律

31、的故事来引出话题，第二段接着表明了论点“Archimedes probably never uttered the word in that way”，第三段和第四段的内容支撑了该论点，最后一段进行了总结，所以B项正确。.阅读七选五(2020湖北省部分重点中学第一次联考)Bound by manners and common courtesy(礼貌)，you can find it difficult to walk away from a conversation without seeming rude.With the help of etiquette(礼节)experts，we ha

32、ve some solutions to your social scares.Next time you feel trapped，remember these tips. 1 No，this move doesnt have to involve throwing one of your friends under the bus.You can introduce your conversational partner to an individual with a common interest or quality and hope that they like each other

33、.According to etiquette expert Jodi Smith，“The simplest way to leave someone who is occupying your time at a party is to pull someone else into the conversation. 2 ”Tell the people youve enjoyed speaking with them.If your acquaintance cant tell that youre eager to leave，try summarizing your conversa

34、tion in the hope that your exchange will come to a natural end.According to Jennifer Grant，a certified Etiquette Coach，you can politely say，“Beverly，I have enjoyed speaking with you very much and if you will excuse me，I have just seen a colleague/friend that I need to speak with.” 3 Its simple enoug

35、h to have good manners，which is why you should stop making these etiquette mistakes by age 30. 4 If youre speaking with someone at a party or networking event，you can suggest activities to your conversational partner. 5 Or ask，“Have you seen the ballroom downstairs yet? I was down there earlier and

36、it was so festive(欢乐的)You should go to take a look！”This method of ending a conversation will work best at events with many interactive elements，such as wedding parties or conventions.ATry to find another topic.BSuggest an activity to the other person.CThis is a solution to all your problems.DBring

37、someone else into the conversation.EAfter a brief introduction of both speakers，you are free to excuse yourself.FA farewell such as this one will make the other person feel appreciated and respected.GFor example，say，“Hey，you should go to try the pudding in the kitchentheyre delicious！”【语篇解读】在社会交往中，我

38、们需要注重礼仪，因此不失礼貌地从一个谈话中脱身有一定的难度；文章就此给出了相应的建议。1D根据空处所在位置可知，空处为该段的小标题。通读该段内容可知，该段表述的是通过把另一个人拉进你们的谈话中来摆脱正在与你谈话的人。这与D项“让其他人参与到谈话中来”表述一致。故选D。2E根据空前一句可知，在聚会上，要想离开占用你时间的人，最简单的方法就是把其他人拉进谈话中，据此可推知，E项表述的“你可以简单地介绍谈话双方，之后你就可以离开了”与此处匹配。3F空前一句表述的是如何在表达自己很享受与对方的谈话之后，寻找理由客气地请求离开。这与F项中的“A farewell such as this one”表述连

39、贯、一致。故选F。4B空处为该段的小标题。根据该段第一句中的“you can suggest activities to your conversational partner”(你可以向你的谈话对象建议一些活动)以及该段给出的例子可知，该段讲述的是你可以向对方推荐一项活动，这样你就可以从中脱身离开。故选B。5G根据空前的“you can suggest activities to your conversational partner”以及空后的“Or ask”可知，该空与后面一句是作者列举的两个向与你谈话的人推荐可以做的事情的例子。故G项与此处匹配，衔接上下文。.语法填空Most of u

40、s hold the view 1._ the worlds oldest color is black or dark grey.However，scientists have discovered that bright pink is the oldest known color.They looked at 1.1 billionyearold rocks deep beneath the Sahara Desert.2._(make)powder from the rocks，then they found a bright pink color.Dr Nur Gueneli 3._

41、came from the Australian National University led the research.She said it 4._(produce)by ancient organisms(有机体)that lived in the old ocean.At that time，tiny organisms were 5._largest life forms on the earth.Dr Gueneli said her first 6._ (react)was complete amazement.She said her team thought the roc

42、k powder might turn black in their experiments.Instead，it turned pink.Another researcher said，“Dr Gueneli came into my office and 7._(show)this bright pink material，sayingLook at this.It turned out to be a real color，1.1 billion years old”The rocks could contain other colors，from a blood red to a de

43、ep purple.Gueneli accounted 8._the importance of her findings.She said，“Imagine you could find a fossilized dinosaur skin that still has 9._(it)original colorgreen or blue.That is 10._(actual)the type of discovery that weve made.”【语篇解读】大部分人认为世界上最古老的颜色是黑色或者深灰色，但是令人意外的是，研究证明，已知的最古老的颜色是亮粉色。1that考查同位语从句

44、。根据语境并分析句子结构可知，空处引导的从句解释说明the view，作同位语，空处在句子中不作句子成分，仅起到连接作用，应填that。 2Having made考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，空处和句子谓语 found之间没有连词，故此处应是动词的非谓语形式。此外，动词make和句子主语they构成逻辑上的主谓关系，并发生在谓语found之前，故用现在分词的完成时形式。【易错点拨】本题考生易忽略动词make和谓语found之间的先后关系，直接填现在分词making。3who/that考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，在从句中作主语，修饰表示人的先行词Dr Nur Guene

45、li，所以填who或that。4was produced考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知，空处为从句的谓语，且与句中被动语态符号by和从句主语it以及主句中said的时态呼应，故用一般过去时的被动语态，be动词用was，所以填was produced。5the考查冠词。largest是形容词最高级形式，应用定冠词修饰，所以填the。6reaction考查名词。分析句子结构可知，空处被形容词性物主代词her以及序数词first修饰，故用名词形式，所以填reaction。7showed考查动词的时态。分析句子结构可知，空处和谓语came并列，所以填showed。8for考查介词。a

46、ccount for“说明，解释”是固定用法，符合语境，所以填介词for。9its考查代词。分析句子结构可知，空处作定语，修饰名词color，所以填形容词性物主代词its。10actually考查词性转换。分析句子结构可知，空处修饰be动词is，应用副词形式，在句子中作状语，所以填actually。.应用文写作(2021全国统一考试模拟演练)假定你是李华，准备参加学校组织的英文诗朗诵比赛。请给外教George写封邮件求助，内容包括：1说明比赛要求；2请他推荐英文诗；3请教朗诵技巧。注意：写作词数应为80左右。Dear George，Im writing to ask for your help

47、._Yours，Li Hua【参考范文】Dear George，Im writing to ask for your help. Our school will hold an English Poetry Reading Contest next weekend. I am eager to have a try. It is required that the theme should be about nature. Each contestant is given up to five minutes to read the poem. So would you please be s

48、o kind to give me some recommendations on which poem to choose? Besides, what I need are the skills of recitation, including pronunciation and intonation, which will perfect my performance.Id appreciate it if you could give me some guidance. Looking forward to your reply.Yours，Li Hua.读后续写阅读下面材料，根据其内

49、容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。My sister Jeanne and I were born only 14 months apart，and we once shared many happy moments.She liked telling jokes to me and I would laugh heartily.She always said she loved my laughter and its the most impressive sound for her.But by the time we were teenagers we had year

50、s without speaking and lost touch due to family breaking.By age 19，I had moved away from our home in Wisconsin to live on my fathers horse farm in Virginia.Jeanne got married at 20，moved to Chicago，and becamewell，I didnt know what.We lived separate lives in separate states，and our connection somehow

51、 ended.Fastforward about five years.I was 24 and on a trip with my best friend to New York City，a place I had never been to.It was so different from my hometown.I was used to riding my horse to the corner store where everyone knew everyone and everything went on in the quiet little cowboy town of Dr

52、iver，Virginia.We went to New York to visit my friends cousin and see the sights.We went to Little Italy，the Statue of Liberty，Chinatown，and several Manhattan clubs.I had never seen so many taxis in one spot in all my life.During a day of sightseeing，we were crossing a very busy street loaded with pe

53、ople.Everyone was in a hurry.I was laughing at something my friend just said，and then I suddenly heard my name yelled from somewhere behind me：“Cheryl！” The voice was so familiar.I froze in my steps in the middle of the road.Tears welled up spontaneously(不由自主地) in my eyes.I knew without a shadow of

54、a doubt that it was my sister Jeanne.I yelled back before even turning to look.“Jeanne？”It was her.“Oh my God！” I screamed，and I began pushing people out of my way to get to her.The crowd started to parteven by New York standards，we must have seemed crazy.And there we were，standing in the middle of

55、a Manhattan street，facing each other and smiling.I couldnt believe it.注意：1续写词数应为150左右；2请按如下格式作答。I later asked how shed known it was me._Since that time，my sister and I have never been separated._【参考范文】I later asked how shed known it was me.She said it was my laugh，the impressive and unforgettable so

56、und.My laugh is not all that unusual，but I guess to a family member its infectious.It hits her heart and resonates in her mind.I asked her what she was doing in New York，and she said she had come for an opera showing and was there for only a week.Neither of us has ever returned to New York，and both

57、our visits were spontaneous trips planned just a week earlier.Since that time，my sister and I have never been separated.We both moved back to Wisconsin.We talked and joked daily like before.Many years have passed，and my sister and I are now both in our 50s.I see the chance of meeting as more of a lesson，a reminder not to lose touch with loved ones.After our sistertosister miracle，I dont plan to let that happen again.Also，I know the secret to connect each other.