全国卷 高二英语下学期期末考试分类汇编——阅读理解之说明文.docx

1、 03 说明文Passage 1（2022陕西长安一中高二期末）Magic is a form of entertainment that is based on pretending to do things that are impossible. The magician is a specially trained actor. He tries to make the audience believe that he has the power to do things which are against the laws of nature.Magic shows are ente

2、rtaining as long as the audience does not discover how the tricks are done. The magician usually depends on his skill with his hands, on his knowledge of psychology, and, sometimes, on mechanical devices. Since magic performance is meant to trick people, the use of psychology is important. The magic

3、ian must keep people from noticing all the movements of his hands and from thinking about the secret parts of his equipment. He must also lead the audience to draw false conclusions. The magicians success depends on the fact that many things seen by the eye are not the things that matter.Two basic m

4、agic tricks are making objects seem to appear and making objects seem to disappear. A combination of these two tricks makes for some interesting effects. For example, the magician puts a small ball under one of several cups. The ball then seems to jump from one cup to another or to change colour. Wh

5、at actually happens is that the magician, employing quick hand movements or a mechanical device, hides one ball. While doing this he talks to the audience and waves a brightly coloured cloth with one hand. The audience is too busy watching the cloth and listening to the magicians words to notice tha

6、t his other hand is hiding the ball.Another favourite trick is to cut or burn something, and then make it appear whole again. What actually happens is that the magician makes the cut or burned object disappear by quickly hiding it while the audience watches something else. Then he “magically” makes

7、it appear whole again by displaying another object that has not been cut or burned.1Which of the following is important for a successful magic trick?AMoving stage equipment.BKeeping the performance in secret.CApplying high technology.DDirecting the audiences attention.2What does the underlined word

8、“employing” mean in paragraph 3?AHiring.BUsing.CEngaging.DMoving.3How does the author develop the last two paragraphs?ABy explaining a concept.BBy making a summary.CBy drawing comparisons.DBy providing examples.4Whats the passage mainly about?AThe secrets behind the art of magic.BThe ways to be magi

9、cians.CThe attractions of the magic show.DThe talents of magicians.Passage 2（2022辽宁鞍山市第三中学高二期末）Its said that you can choose your friends but not your family. Maybe, But its clear that good friends come with plenty of health benefits, Now research suggests that your friendships may be more important

10、than family relationships when it comes to your health and happiness.Researchers from Michigan State University carried out two studies published in Personal Relationships. They first looked at data from nearly 280,000 people from almost 100 countries worldwide. After comparing peoples friendships a

11、nd family relationships with their physical and mental health, the team discovered that friendship was linked to higher scores of well-being (康乐) than family relationships.The second study involved (涉及) almost 7, 500 older adults, and suggested that the quality of friendships had a much bigger influ

12、ence on health than family relationships. People who reported stressful friendships were much more likely to suffer poor health compared to those who had positive friendships; the influence on health from good or bad family relationships was small.Friendships are very important to well-being. For on

13、e, its easier to drop a bad friendship than it is to cut ties with a family member. Even better, friends can also provide social support when things get tough with family members, such as going through a divorce or when caring for an aged parent. And long-lasting friendships are less likely to be fi

14、lled with guilt than a family relationship.Of course, good friendships dont just happen they require time, but time spent on developing good friendships is worth it.“Friendships help us shun loneliness but are often harder to maintain (维持) throughout the life,” explains William Chopik, PHD, assistan

15、t professor of psychology.“ If a friendship has survived the test of time, you know it must be a good one. It means youve found someone you turn to for help and advice often.”5What did the two studies focus on?AExamining the influence of friendships and family relationships on well-being.BTelling pe

16、ople to pay more attention to friends instead of family members.CProving that friendships are the most important part of peoples life.DFinding out the similarities between friends and family members.6What is paragraph 4 mainly about?AHow family members benefit our well-being.BWhat family members are

17、 unable to do for us.Cwhen friendships can play a key part in our life.DWhy friendships are key to health and happiness.7Which of the following statements does the author agree with?AOnly time can test good friendships.BFriendships can happen all the time.CIt takes time to gain good friendships.DWe

18、should be patient with our friends.8Which of the following best explains “shun” underlined in the last paragraph?AAvoid.BPredictCExperienceDValuePassage 3（2022黑龙江嫩江市高级中学高二期末）For top students from low-income families, applying to colleges is particularly difficult. One approach makes this whole proce

19、ss easier? Provide an adviser for them.Thats the idea behind CollegePoint, a program to help gifted students go to schools that match their intelligence. When a high school student takes a standardized testthe PSAT, SAT or ACTand they score in the 90th percentile, and their families make less than $

20、 80, 000 a year, they get an email from the program offering them a free adviser. The advisers listen, guide and answer students questions. Connor Rechtzigel, an adviser in Minnesota, sees the importance of his role, for research shows that low-income students are far more likely to undermatch becau

21、se they dont think they have what it takes to get in and because many dont even know what schools are out there. He helped high school senior Justice Benjamin, the first in his family to apply to college, thinking about what his ideal learning experience was. Finally, Justice narrowed in on smaller

22、schools where he could study environmental science and made his final choice: Skidmore College in New York. Figuring out how to pay for college is a major part of what CollegePoint advisers do. Nakhle, an adviser in North Carolina, is working with Hensley, an Ohio high school senior who cant get ext

23、ra financial help from her family. They spent a lot of time comparing and analyzing her financial-aid award letters, which made her decision much clearer. Finally, the Ohio State University offered an option where she would pay nothing. Staying in-state wasnt her first choice, but it was the best op

24、tion for her.9What is the second paragraph mainly about?AThe history of CollegePoint.BHow CollegePoint works.CWays to apply for a free adviser.DThe challenge of choosing colleges.10What prevents low-income students from attending proper colleges?AKnowing little about colleges.BThinking highly of the

25、ir abilities.CLack of enough learning experience.DFailure to pass the entrance exam.11Why did Hensley finally choose the Ohio State University?AShe didnt want to stay far from home.BHer favorite major was provided there.CThe university met her financial needs.DShe would show her talents to the full.

26、12What is the best title for the passage?ASteps for Students to Choose Suitable CollegesBCollegePointHelping Students Select Ideal CollegesCAdvisers Helping College Students to Score HighDCollegePointHow to Be a Financial AdviserPassage 4（2021四川甘孜高二期末）If we were asked exactly what we were doing a ye

27、ar ago, we should probably have to say that we could not remember. But if we had kept a book and had written in it an account of what we did each day, we should be able to give an answer to the question.It is the same in history. Many things have been forgotten because we do not have any written acc

28、ount of them. Sometimes men did keep a record of the most important happenings in their country, but often it was destroyed by fire or in a war. Sometimes there was never any written record at all because the people of that time and place did not know how to write. For example, we know a good deal a

29、bout the people who lived in China 4,000 years ago, because they could write and leave written records for those who lived after them. But we know almost nothing about the people who lived even 200 years ago in central Africa. because they had not learned to write.Sometimes, of course, even if the p

30、eople cannot write, they may know something of the past. They have heard about it from older people, and often songs and dances and stories have been made about the most important happenings, and these have been sung and acted and told for many generations, for most people are proud to tell what the

31、ir fathers did in the past. This we may call “remembered history”. Some of it has now been written down. It is not so exact or so valuable to us as written history is because words are much more easily changed when used again and again in speech than when copied in writing. But where there are no wr

32、itten records, such spoken stories are often very helpful.13Which of the following ideas is not suggested in the passage?AWhere there are no written records, there is no history.BWritten records of the past play the most important role in our learning of the human history.CA written account of our d

33、aily activities helps us to be able to answer many questions.D“Remembered history”, compared with written history, is less reliable.14We know very little about the central Africa 200 years ago because_Athere was nothing worth being written down at that time.Bthe people there ignored the importance o

34、f keeping a record.Cthe people there did not know how to write.Dthe written records were perhaps destroyed by a fire.15“Remembered history” refers to_Ahistory based on a persons imagination.Bstories of important happenings passed down from mouth to mouth.Csongs and dances about the most important ev

35、ents.Dboth B and C16The passage suggests that we could have learned much more about our past than we do now if the ancient people had_Anot burnt their written records in wars.Bkept a written record of every past event.Ctold exact stories of the most important happenings.Dmade more songs and dances.P

36、assage 5（2021陕西西安高二期末）Like the move from horse-drawn carriages to vehicles powered by internal-combustion engines, the change from cars powered by fossil fuels to electric vehicles (EVs) will have a profound effect on personal transport. The Epidemic worldwide caused a 20% drop in global light vehic

37、le sales in 2020, to about 70m, but they pick up in 2021. And the proportion of vehicles powered by batteries will grow quickly.The increasing share price of Tesla, provides a big motivation for newcomers to catch up. Tesla may lead in battery technology and software, but to make those advantages st

38、ick, it must prove that “production hell” is behind it. Scaling up manufacturing has caused Tesla its biggest headaches.Big name carmakers face an equally discouraging challenge: learning how to write software. Electric cars require integrated software, not just to ensure that batteries and motors w

39、ork together to provide the best performance, but to connect the car to the outside world.And what of the Tesla followers, from Chinas Li, Nio and Xpeng to American firms such as Fisker, Lucid and Nikola? Cash from excitable investors has poured in and it is the same with big name carmakers as are t

40、ech giants, keen to get involved as transport goes digital. Can the followers persuade investors that they have patent technology that will give them a long-term advantage?Eye-catching Advertisements of vehicles are one thing, but as the industrys trouble shows, working out how to make cars at scale

41、, when softwares are as important as brakes and bodywork, is quite another. The coming year will make clearer which of Teslas competitors, new and old, can stay in race.17Which word best describes the trend of electric cars industry?AUncertain.BChallenging.CDisappointing.DPromising.18Why is Tesla in

42、 trouble?AIts production capacity has become a bottleneck.BIt may lose its advantage in software writing.CIts advertising is considered to be exaggerating.DIt has to compete with many capable newcomers.19Which statement about Teslas competitors is TRUE?ATheir share prices are catching up with those

43、of Tesla.BThey are all receiving money from eager investors.CTheir problem lies in improving brakes and bodywork.DThey are mostly well-established companies.20Which is the best title of the passage?ANew EV Companies Are Catching upBThe Battle Within the EV IndustryCElectric CarsYour Future ChoiceDPr

44、oduction Capacitya Headache of EV IndustryPassage 6（2021四川甘孜高二期末）Today just as technology changed the face of industry, farms have undergone an “agricultural revolution”. On the farm of today, machines provide almost all the power.One of the most important benefits will be the farm computer. A few f

45、orward-looking farmers are already using computers to help them run their farms more efficiently. The computers help them keep more accurate records so they can make better decisions on what crops to plant, how much livestock to buy, when to sell their products, and how much profit they can expect.

46、Many computer companies have been developing special computer programs just for farmers. Programs are being written for hog producers, grain farmers, potato farmers, and dairy farmers. In the future, farmers will be able to purchase computer programs made to their needs. Because of the growing impor

47、tance of computers on the farm, students at agricultural colleges are required to take computer classes in addition to their normal agricultural courses. There can be no doubt that farmers will rely on computers even more in the future. While the old-time farm depended on horse power, and modern far

48、ms depend on machine power, farms of the future will depend on computer power.Another technological advance which is still in the experimental stage is the robot, a real “mechanized hired hand” that will be able to move and, in some ways, think like a human being. Agricultural engineers believe that

49、 computer-aided robots will make startling changes in farming before the end of the century. Unlike farmers of the present, farmers of the future will find that many day-to-day tasks will be done for them. Scientists are now developing robots that will be able to shear sheep, drive tractors, and har

50、vest fruit. Even complex jobs will be done by robots. For example, in order to milk their cows, farmers must first drive them into the barn, then connect them to the milking machines, watch the machines, and disconnect them when they are finished. In the future, this will all be done by robots. In a

51、ddition, when the milking is completed, the robots will automatically check to make sure that the milk is pure. The complete mobilization of the farm is far in the future, but engineers expect that some robots will be used before long.21Which sentence carried the main idea of the whole passage?AThe

52、first sentence of the first paragraph.BThe second sentence of the first paragraph.CThe first sentence of the third paragraph.DThe last sentence of the second paragraph.22According to the passage, computers can not help farmers decide_.Ahow much money they can earn from their productsBwhether to plan

53、t a certain kind of cropCwhat livestock to raiseDwhen to sell their products23According to the engineers, will be done by robots in the near future.Aall farm workBmilking cowsCsome farm workDmost of the farm work24What is the best title for the whole passage?AComputer, Farmers Best FriendBFarmers in

54、 the FutureCComputers and RobotsDThe Agricultural RevolutionPassage 7（2022安徽合肥高二期末）Scientists have long sought to prevent sharp memories from fading with age, but the problem remains unsolved. Now research published in Scientific Reports suggests virtual reality might help older people recall facts

55、and events based on specific details.The study involved 42 healthy older adults from the San Francisco Bay Area. Half spent a dozen hours over four weeks playing a virtual-reality game called Labyrinth; they wore headsets (耳机) and walked in place, walking virtual neighborhoods while completing small

56、 tasks. The other half, in the control group, used tablets to play games that did not require recalling details. After 15 sessions (期), the latter performed roughly the same as before on a long-term memory test. But the Labyrinth players gain an improvement in memory through the VR game. A scientist

57、 Peter Wais of the University of California said the improvements brought them up to the level of another group of younger adults taking the same memory tests.Meredith Thompson, an education researcher, studies learning through VR games but was not involved in the new study. “It would be great to ac

58、tually follow people over time and see what this type of game does for long-term memory.” She says, “adding VR can provide greater involvement than other games. Waiss team is now studying how long the observed effects last and which elements of the training have the most impact.”A cognitive (认知) psy

59、chologist, Daniel Simons, who was also not involved in the study, notes experiments with other games that are said to train the brain have often failed to support this. And it remains unclear how test performance in a laboratory setting might translate to real-world situations. The outcome, Simons n

60、otes, “needs to be repeated, ideally with a much larger group, before its treated as a strong finding.”For now, Wais says, the team hopes its studies with similar-sized groups will help draw funding to test the game with more participants.25What is the passage mainly about?AVirtual reality improves

61、older adults memory.BPeople of different ages should play VR games.CVirtual reality changes peoples memory.DPeoples memory gradually fails as they age.26What can we infer from Meredith Thompsons words?AThe experiment result still needs improving with more financial support.BWhat effects the experime

62、nt will have is still unknown.CThe testing result of the experiment is not practical in reality.DIt takes a longer period to figure out its effects on long-term memory.27According to Daniel Simons, the research needs to be improved due to _.Athe lack of support officiallyBthe impractical application

63、 in real worldCthe unsatisfying test performanceDthe limited number of participants28Where may the passage come from?AA novel.BA magazine.CA brochure.DA guidebook.Passage 8（2022黑龙江鹤岗一中高二期末）A three-month survey of 119 households in Seattle found about one-third of the food thrown away was edible (可以吃

64、的).“We think we are doing better but we cant be, given the waste.” said Andrea Spacht, a food specialist at the Natural Resources Defense Council.For every item thrown away, the cost is far more than just an uneaten meal. Throwing out just one hamburger, for example, wastes as much water as a 90-min

65、ute shower.The Waste of nutrition and resources on this scale (规模) makes little sense when 15 million American households have been classified as food-insecure by the U.S. Department of Agriculturemeaning they cannot access enough food.But food waste is not just about households. It is happening on

66、a large scale on the farm.Most farm food waste is due to a lack of buyers or prices that are too low. Without a guarantee of an income that will at least cover the cost of harvesting, growers have no choice but to leave food in the fielddespite the huge waste that represents, said Lisa Johnson, of t

67、he Department of Horticultural Science at North Carolina State University.For the time being, the U.S. remains a contradiction, say food waste activists. “Its the place in the world where the most food is wasted, but also where some of the most exciting solutions are.” said Tristram Stuart, founder

68、of Toast Ale, which makes beer from bread that would otherwise be thrown away.The past few years have seen an awakening awareness of the impact of the problem on our planet. An increasing number of food waste companies and charities have appeared to help people cut their own food waste and also ensu

69、re unwanted food makes its way to where it is needed.While campaigners are celebrating the rising consumer and corporate (公司的) recognition of food waste as a major problem, they do not expect the problem to disappear overnight. Dealing with the problem requires “a transformation that will take years

70、.” said Evan Lutz, co-founder of the food waste company Hungry Harvest.29Why does the author mention the example in Paragraph 3?ATo encourage readers to save water.BTo prove the popularity of hamburgers.CTo show that people are doing better in saving food.DTo explain that throwing away food has hidd

71、en costs.30Why do growers leave food in the field according to Lisa?AThe food goes bad.BThe food isnt ripe.CThey cannot make a profit.DThey do not have the machine to harvest.31What do the food waste activists mean by saying “the U.S. remains a contradiction”?AFood waste contradicts food insecurity.

72、BFood waste contradicts exciting solutions.CThe lack of buyers contradicts good harvests.DThe high cost of harvesting contradicts low food prices.32What does Evan think of the food waste problem?AAmericans waste the most food.BIt has been in existence for years.CSolving it will take a long lime.DPeo

73、ple are becoming aware of its seriousness.Passage 9（2021河南淮南第二中学高二期末）Working robots are typically big, simple and strong. They are large pre-programmed units working in dangerous and dull jobs. But the growing trend towards cooperative robots , or cobots ,which work in harmony with humans is changin

74、g robotic use worldwide.The fact is that most industrial robots were not designed to do with unpredictable human environments.By cutting robots down to the desktop size and embedding（嵌入） them with sensors and AI , the next generation of cobots will feel our presence , learn from us and combine with

75、us better. Lightweight and portable cobots can work in less space and share it with people rather than being caged off. Decreasing costs for robotic systems make them more affordable to small businesses , and their ease of setting up and programmability makes them simple to develop.Although the coop

76、erative robot is relatively novel , the initial concept was invented in 1996.Acobot patent was filed in 1997 , which detailed an instrument and method for direct physical interaction between a person and a general-purpose operator controlled by a computer.The idea of robotic feedback（反馈） was also bu

77、ilt-in so that cobots would redirect or control motions that originate with the operator through physical guidance.The future of cobot working is likely to change as newer interfaces and ways of interacting are developed.Voice commands are bound to be a feature as natural language processing systems

78、 become more widespread.Robotic movements and interactions will be controlled using non-invasive brain control interfaces.Unplanned changes to production and safer interaction with humans will then require a step-change in robot learning.Cobots will learn directly from human interaction or even from

79、 virtual simulations（模拟） that will help them adapt to real-world situations.Open robotics platforms , such as Carnegie Mellon Universitys LoCoBot or Elephant Robotics Catbot , mean that programmers can share the skills they have developed via the cloud.Cobot carers , such as ElliQ , the companion ro

80、bot , ceiling-mounted rail robots , or even IKEA s robotic furniture , promise a nice future of cooperation.33What makes cobots more suitable to small firms?AThe desktop size.BSensors and AI.CCheap robotic systems.DTheir ease of programmability.34What does the underlined word interaction in Paragrap

81、h 3 mean?AChange.BCompetition.CDifference.DCommunication.35Which of the following is a characteristic of the future cobots?AVoice control.BUnplanned production changes.CWorking in dangerous environments.DDirect physical interaction with humans.36What does the author suggest doing about cobots?ALearn

82、ing from humans.BCombining with humans.COpening robotics platforms.DSharing programming skills.Passage 10（2021河南新乡高二期末）Its well-known that facial recognition is widely used in shopping, home security, and law enforcement and millions of us use it to open our smartphones. But privacy advocates are ra

83、ising alarms about the growing use of facial recognition technology. The American administration recently proposed a rule to use facial recognition to identify and photograph all people entering and leaving the United States, including American citizens. That idea was scrapped after big objections f

84、rom lawmakers and activists, but the administration is moving ahead with more limited use of the technology in a number of airports and other ports of entry say it makes the public safer and so far, theyve had very few complaints from travelers. However, a growing number of, both in and out of the g

85、overnment, say any type of facial recognition is just like illegal surveillance (监视). They say it exchanges too much freedom for too little security. Many note that once the government has a database of Americans with their photographs, theres no telling what it could be used for. Beyond the privacy

86、 concerns, security experts are also worried that a huge government database could be a major target for a data breach (数据泄露). Some say it could give hackers access to data from millions of Americans. Mike Howell, a former consultant of the Department of Homeland Security, suggests a possible soluti

87、on: simply erase the information after it used. “The big question for,” says Howell, “is how the government largely will protect the data. We want the data we collect to keep us safe from threats, not to, you know, make unsafe. “Finally, the administration may have the final say on the future of fac

88、ial recognition, with more regulations being advised to keep it in check.”37What does the underlined word “scrapped” in paragraph 2 mean?AAbandoned.BExpressed.CConsidered.DUpdated.38What attitude do the security experts have towards facial recognition ?AUncaring.BConcerned.CFlexible.DTolerant.39What

89、 does Howell advise American administration to do ?AExchange much security for some freedom.BProtect the privacy related to facial recognition.CIntroduce some laws to stop data breaches.DStop using facial recognition in shopping.40What does the text mainly talk about?AFacial recognition is actually

90、a double-edged sword.BThe American administration is advised to use facial recognition.CIt is urgent for the government to stop using facial recognition.DThere are alarms about growing use of facial recognition.【答案】1D2B3D4A【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章通过事例揭示了魔术背后的秘密。1细节理解题。根据第二段后三句“The magician must keep people fr

91、om noticing all the movements of his hands and from thinking about the secret parts of his equipment. He must also lead the audience to draw false conclusions. The magicians success depends on the fact that many things seen by the eye are not the things that matter.(魔术师必须防止人们注意到他手上所有动作，以及思考魔术道具的秘密部分

92、。他还必须引导观众得出错误的结论。魔术师的成功取决于这样一个事实：许多肉眼看到的都不是重要的)”可知，魔术师最重要的是要引导观众的注意力。故选D。2词句猜测题。根据划线词所在句的后一句“While doing this he talks to the audience and waves a brightly coloured cloth with one hand.(在这样做的同时，他与观众交谈，并用一只手挥舞着一块色彩鲜艳的布)”可知，魔术师要通过手的动作来完成魔术，由此可推知，划线词employing与“using”同义，表示“使用”。故选B。3推理判断题。根据倒数第二段第一句“Two

93、basic magic tricks are making objects seem to appear and making objects seem to disappear.(两个基本的魔术是让物体凭空出现或消失)”及倒数第一段第一句“Another favourite trick is to cut or burn something, and then make it appear whole again.(另一个最受欢迎的魔术是切断或燃烧某物，然后再让它变完整)”可知，这两段都是通过举例子的方式展开叙述的。故选D。4主旨大意题。根据文章第一句“Magic is a form of

94、entertainment that is based on pretending to do things that are impossible.(魔术是一种娱乐方式，基于假装做一些不可能的事)”对魔术的概述，结合后文列举例子详细揭示魔术的过程可知，本文主要揭示了魔术背后的秘密。故选A。5A6D7C8A【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章通过大量的研究介绍了友谊会照亮我们的人生，友谊影响着我们的生活、健康，有时候甚至超过了家庭成员。5推理判断题。根据第二段“After comparing peoples friendships and family relationships with thei

95、r physical and mental health, the team discovered that friendship was linked to higher scores of well-being (康乐) than family relationships.(在将人们的友谊和家庭关系与他们的身心健康进行比较后，研究小组发现，友谊比家庭关系更能带来幸福感。)”和第三段“The second study involved (涉及) almost 7, 500 older adults, and suggested that the quality of friendships

96、had a much bigger influence on health than family relationships. People who reported stressful friendships were much more likely to suffer poor health compared to those who had positive friendships; the influence on health from good or bad family relationships was small.(第二项研究涉及近7500名老年人，表明友谊的质量比家庭关

97、系对健康的影响更大。与拥有积极友谊的人相比，有压力的友谊的人更有可能健康状况不佳；良好或糟糕的家庭关系对健康的影响很小。)”可推断，这两项研究的重点是研究友谊和家庭关系对幸福感的影响。故选A。6主旨大意题。根据第四段首句“Friendships are very important to well-being.(友谊对幸福很重要。)”及后文内容可知，本段主要说明了为什么友谊是健康和幸福的关键。故选D。7细节理解题。根据第五段“Of course, good friendships dont just happenthey require time, but time spent on deve

98、loping good friendships is worth it. (当然，好的友谊不是凭空而来的它们需要时间，但是花在发展友谊上的时间是值得的。)”可知，建立良好的友谊需要时间。故选C。8词义猜测题。根据“Friendships help us shun loneliness but are often harder to maintain (维持) throughout the life (友谊帮助我们shun孤独，但往往很难维持一生。)”中loneliness和常识可知，友谊可以帮助我们避免孤独。所以划线词shun为“避免”之意，与avoid同义。故选A。9B10A11C12B【解

99、析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一个名为CollegePoint的项目，主要是为了帮助来自低收入家庭的优等生去申请适合他们的大学。文中介绍了CollegePoint是如何工作的，以及项目中顾问的工作职责和列举了顾问为学生服务的事例。9主旨大意题。根据第二段“Thats the idea behind CollegePoint, a program to help gifted students go to schools that match their intelligence. When a high school student takes a standardized testth

100、e PSAT, SAT or ACTand they score in the 90th percentile, and their families make less than $ 80, 000 a year, they get an email from the program offering them a free adviser. The advisers listen, guide and answer students questions.(这就是CollegePoint背后的想法，一个帮助有天赋的学生去匹配他们智力的学校的项目。当一名高中生参加一项标准化考试，即PSAT、S

101、AT或ACT时，如果他们的分数在90%以上，而他们的家庭年收入不到8万美元，他们就会收到该项目发来的电子邮件，为他们提供免费顾问。指导老师倾听、指导和回答学生的问题)”可知，第二段的主要内容是CollegePoint是如何工作的。故选B。10细节理解题。根据第三段中“Connor Rechtzigel, an adviser in Minnesota, sees the importance of his role, for research shows that low-income students are far more likely to undermatch because the

102、y dont think they have what it takes to get in and because many dont even know what schools are out there.(明尼苏达州的一名顾问Connor Rechtzigel看到了自己所扮演的角色的重要性，因为研究表明，低收入家庭的学生更有可能落后，因为他们认为自己不具备入学所需的条件，而且许多人甚至不知道那里有哪些学校)”可知，对大学了解不多，阻碍了低收入家庭的学生上正规的大学。故选A。11细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Nakhle, an adviser in North Carolina, is

103、working with Hensley, an Ohio high school senior who cant get extra financial help from her family. They spent a lot of time comparing and analyzing her financial-aid award letters, which made her decision much clearer. Finally, the Ohio State University offered an option where she would pay nothing

104、. (Nakhle是北卡罗来纳州的一名顾问，她正在与Hensley合作。Hensley是俄亥俄州的一名高三学生，她无法从家人那里获得额外的经济帮助。他们花了很多时间比较和分析她的助学金奖励信，这使她的决定更清楚了。最后，俄亥俄州立大学为她提供了一个免费的选择)”可知，Hensley最终选择了俄亥俄州立大学，是因为这所大学满足了她的经济需求。故选C。12主旨大意题。根据第一段“For top students from low-income families, applying to colleges is particularly difficult. One approach makes t

105、his whole process easier? Provide an adviser for them. (对于来自低收入家庭的优等生来说，申请大学尤其困难。有一种方法能使整个过程更简单吗？有，那就是为他们提供顾问)”并结合全文可知，文章主要介绍了一个名为CollegePoint的项目，主要是为了帮助来自低收入家庭的优等生去申请适合他们的大学。文中介绍了CollegePoint是如何工作的，以及项目中顾问的工作职责和列举了顾问为学生服务的事例。所以“CollegePointHelping Students Select Ideal Colleges(CollegePoint帮助学生选择理想

106、的大学)”最符合文章标题。故选B。13A14C15D16B【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了人类是如何记录历史的，有两种方法：书面记录和口口相传。13细节理解题。根据第三段中“Sometimes, of course, even if the people cannot write, they may know something of the past. They have heard about it from older people, and often songs and dances and stories have been made about the most importa

107、nt happenings, and these have been sung and acted and told for many generations, for most people are proud to tell what their fathers did in the past.(当然，有时候，即使人们不会写字，他们也会对过去有所了解。他们从年纪大的人那里听说过这件事，经常有关于最重要的事情的歌曲、舞蹈和故事，这些被唱出来、表演出来并被传颂了许多代，因为大多数人都以讲述他们的父亲过去的事迹为荣)”可知，即使没有文字记载，历史也可以通过其它方式记录下来，所以A项“没有文字记载

108、，就没有历史”不是文章要表达的观点。故选A。14细节理解题。根据第二段中“But we know almost nothing about the people who lived even 200 years ago in central Africa. because they had not learned to write.(但我们对200年前生活在非洲中部的人们几乎一无所知。因为他们还没学会写字)”可知，我们对200年前的中非知之甚少，因为那里的人不会写字。故选C。15细节理解题。根据第三段中“They have heard about it from older people, a

109、nd often songs and dances and stories have been made about the most important happenings, and these have been sung and acted and told for many generations, for most people are proud to tell what their fathers did in the past. This we may call “remembered history”. (他们从年纪大的人那里听说过这件事，经常有关于最重要的事情的歌曲、舞蹈

110、和故事，这些被唱出来、表演出来并被传颂了许多代，因为大多数人都以讲述他们的父亲过去的事迹为荣。我们可以把这叫做“Remembered history”)”可知，Remembered history指的是口口相传的重要事件的故事和关于最重要事件的歌舞。故选D。16推理判断题。根据第一段“If we were asked exactly what we were doing a year ago, we should probably have to say that we could not remember. But if we had kept a book and had written

111、in it an account of what we did each day, we should be able to give an answer to the question.(如果有人问我们一年前到底在做什么，我们可能不得不说我们不记得了。但是，如果我们有一本书，把我们每天所做的事情记录下来，我们就能回答这个问题)”和第二段中“It is the same in history. Many things have been forgotten because we do not have any written account of them.(历史上也是如此。许多事情已经被遗忘

112、，因为我们没有任何书面记录)”可推知，如果古人对过去的每一件事都有文字记录，我们可能会比现在更了解我们的过去。故选B。17D18A19B20B【解析】本文是一篇说明文。本文主要介绍了近年来特斯拉快速崛起，刺激了不同规模，甚至不同行业的“新选手们”投身电动汽车领域，电动汽车行业竞争加剧。17推理判断题。根据第一段中“And the proportion of vehicles powered by batteries will grow quickly.(电池驱动汽车的比例将迅速增长) ”可推断，电动汽车行业未来前景良好。故选D。18细节理解题。根据第二段中“Scaling up manufac

113、turing has caused Tesla its biggest headaches.(扩大生产规模是特斯拉最头疼的问题) ”可知，特斯拉会陷入困境是因为生产能力成为瓶颈。故选A。19细节理解题。根据第四段中“And what of the Tesla followers, from Chinas li, Nio and Xpeng to American firms such as Fisker, Lucid and Nikola? Cash from excitable investors has poured in and it is the same with big name

114、carmakers as are tech giants, keen to get involved as transport goes digital.(那么，从中国的li、蔚来和Xpeng到美国的Fisker、Lucid和Nikola，特斯拉的追随者们又如何呢？兴奋的投资者带来的现金源源不断地涌入，大牌汽车制造商也是如此随着交通数字化，科技巨头也热衷于参与其中) ”可知，特斯拉竞争对手都在接受热切投资者的资金。故选B。20主旨大意题。根据第二段“The increasing share price of Tesla, provides a big motivation for newcom

115、ers to catch up. Tesla may lead in battery technology and software, but to make those advantages stick, it must prove that “production hell” is behind it. Scaling up manufacturing has caused Tesla its biggest headaches.(特斯拉不断上涨的股价，为新来者提供了巨大的动力。特斯拉可能在电池技术和软件方面处于领先地位，但要保持这些优势，它必须证明“生产地狱”已经过去。扩大生产规模是特斯

116、拉最头疼的问题) ”及全文可知，文章主要介绍了近年来特斯拉快速崛起，刺激了不同规模，甚至不同行业的“新选手们”投身电动汽车领域，电动汽车行业竞争加剧。由此可知，B选项“The Battle Within the EV Industry(电动汽车行业内部的斗争)”最符合文章标题。故选B。21A22C23D24D【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了正如技术改变了工业面貌一样，农场也经历了一场“农业革命”。介绍了农场计算机可以为农民提供的帮助以及农业工程师们相信，在本世纪末以前，计算机辅助机器人将给农业带来惊人的变化。21推理判断题。根据第二和第三段可知，文章从服务农业的计算机和计算机辅助机器人两

117、个方面陈述了农业已经或将要经历的变革。由此推知，第一段第一句“Today just as technology changed the face of industry, farms have undergone an “agricultural revolution”. On the farm of today, machines provide almost all the power.(今天，正如技术改变了工业面貌一样，农场也经历了一场“农业革命”。在今天的农场里，机器提供了几乎所有的动力)”表达了整篇文章的大意。故选A。22细节理解题。根据第二段中“The computers help

118、 them keep more accurate records so they can make better decisions on what crops to plant, how much livestock to buy, when to sell their products, and how much profit they can expect. (计算机帮助他们保持更准确的记录，这样他们就可以更好地决定种植什么作物，购买多少牲畜，何时出售产品，以及预期利润多少)”可知，电脑不能帮助农民决定饲养什么牲畜。故选C。23细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Unlike farmers o

119、f the present, farmers of the future will find that many day-to-day tasks will be done for them. Scientists are now developing robots that will be able to shear sheep, drive tractors, and harvest fruit. Even complex jobs will be done by robots.(与现在的农民不同，未来的农民会发现许多日常工作将会为他们完成。科学家们现在正在开发能够剪羊毛、驾驶拖拉机和收获

120、水果的机器人。即使是复杂的工作也将由机器人来完成)”可知，工程师认为，在不久的将来机器人将完成大部分工作。故选D。24主旨大意题。根据第一段“Today just as technology changed the face of industry, farms have undergone an “agricultural revolution”. On the farm of today, machines provide almost all the power.(今天，正如技术改变了工业面貌一样，农场也经历了一场“农业革命”。在今天的农场里，机器提供了几乎所有的动力)”结合文章介绍了农

121、场计算机可以为农民提供的帮助以及农业工程师们相信，在本世纪末以前，计算机辅助机器人将给农业带来惊人的变化。可知，D选项“农业革命”最符合文章标题。故选D。25A26D27D28B【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述的是虚拟现实可以改善老年人的记忆，并介绍了研究的开展过程以及相关专家对此的看法。25主旨大意题。根据第一段最后一句“Now research published in Scientific Reports suggests virtual reality might help older people recall facts and events based on specific

122、 details.( 现在发表在科学报告上的一项研究表明，虚拟现实可能帮助老年人根据具体细节回忆事实和事件)”以及接下来的描述可知，文章主要讲述的是虚拟现实可以改善老年人的记忆。故选A。26推理判断题。根据第三段“It would be great to actually follow people over time and see what this type of game does for long-term memory.” She says, “adding VR can provide greater involvement than other games. Waiss tea

123、m is now studying how long the observed effects last and which elements of the training have the most impact.”(“长期跟踪人们，看看这类游戏对长期记忆有什么影响，这将是一件很棒的事情。”她说：“添加虚拟现实可以提供比其他游戏更大的参与性。维斯的团队现在正在研究观察到的效果能持续多久，哪些训练元素的影响最大。”)”可推知，Meredith Thompson认为需要更长的时间来弄清楚它对长期记忆的影响。故选D。27细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“The outcome, Simons note

124、s, “needs to be repeated, ideally with a much larger group, before its treated as a strong finding.”(西蒙斯指出，这个结果“在被视为一个强有力的发现之前，需要被重复，最好是在一个更大的群体中进行。”)”以及最后一段“For now, Wais says, the team hopes its studies with similar-sized groups will help draw funding to test the game with more participants.(Wais说

125、，目前，该团队希望他们对类似规模的小组进行的研究将有助于筹集资金，让更多的参与者测试这款游戏)”可知，科学家认为这个研究需要进一步改善是因为参与者的数量有限。故选D。28推理判断题。根据第一段“Now research published in Scientific Reports suggests virtual reality might help older people recall facts and events based on specific details.(但是目前在科学报告上出版的研究报告表明虚拟现实可能帮助老年人根据具体细节回忆事实和事件)”以及接下来的描述可知，这属

126、于科学研究。由此推知，本文也许来着一本杂志。故选B。29D30C31B32C【解析】本文是说明文。文章主要讲述了食物浪费产生的问题，包括它产生的背后涉及的经济学原因以及一些专家学者给出的解决建议。29推理判断题。根据第三段“For every item thrown away, the cost is far more than just an uneaten meal. Throwing out just one hamburger, for example, wastes as much water as a 90-minute shower.(每扔掉一样东西，代价就远远超过一顿没吃的饭。

127、比如，扔掉一个汉堡，浪费的水就相当于90分钟的淋浴。)”可推断给出的例子是为了表明被扔掉的食物背后的成本更高。故选D。30推理判断题。根据倒数第四段的“Without a guarantee of an income that will at least cover the cost of harvesting, growers have no choice but to leave food in the fielddespite the huge waste that represents, said Lisa Johnson, of the Department of Horticult

128、ural Science at North Carolina State University.(北卡罗来纳州立大学园艺科学系的丽莎约翰逊说，如果没有至少能够支付收获的成本的收入保证，种植者就只能把食物留在田里，尽管这会造成巨大的浪费。)”可推断种植者把食物留在田里是是因为他们不能盈利。故选C。31细节理解题。根据倒数第三段的“For the time being, the U.S. remains a contradiction, say food waste activists. “Its the place in the world where the most food is wast

129、ed, but also where some of the most exciting solutions are.” said Tristram Stuart, founder of Toast Ale, which makes beer from bread that would otherwise be thrown away.(食品浪费活动人士说，目前，美国仍然是一个矛盾。“这里是世界上浪费食物最多的地方，但也有一些最令人兴奋的解决方案，”吐司麦芽酒的创始人特里斯特拉姆斯图尔特说。该公司利用原本会被扔掉的面包生产啤酒。)” 可知，食品浪费活动人士所说的“美国仍然存在矛盾”是指食物浪费

130、和令人振奋的解决方案之间有矛盾。故选B。32细节理解题。根据最后一段的“Dealing with the problem requires “a transformation that will take years.” said Evan Lutz, co-founder of the food waste company Hungry Harvest.(食品垃圾公司Hungry Harvest的联合创始人埃文.卢茨表示，解决这个问题需要“一个花费数年时间的转变”。)”可知，埃文认为解决食物浪费问题需要花费很长时间。故选C。33C34D35A36B【解析】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了合作机器

131、人与传统机器人不同，它们与人类有极强的互动性。通过人工智能等技术，合作机器人必将融入社会，与人类生活融为一体。33细节理解题。根据第二段的“ Decreasing costs for robotic systems make them more affordable to small businesses（降低了机器人系统的成本，使它们对小企业来说更能负担得起。）”可知，cobots价格低廉，更适合小型企业。故选择C项。34词句猜测题。根据划线词后的“between a person and a general-purpose operator controlled by a computer

132、（在人与计算机控制的通用操作员之间）”可知，划线词意为“互动，交流”，与communication同义。故选择D项。35细节理解题。根据第四段的“Voice commands are bound to be a feature as natural language processing systems become more widespread. （随着自然语言处理系统的日益普及，语音命令必将成为一种特色。）”可知， 在未来的“cobots”中语音命令会成为特色。故选择A项。36推理判断题。根据最后一段的“Cobots will learn directly from human inte

133、raction or even from virtual simulations（模拟）that will help them adapt to real-world situations. （Cobots将直接从人类的互动，甚至从虚拟模拟中学习，这将帮助它们适应现实世界的情况）”和文中所举例子“such as ElliQ , the companion robot , ceiling-mounted rail robots , or even IKEA s robotic furniture , promise a nice future of cooperation. （例如ElliQ，陪

134、护机器人，天花板安装的轨道机器人，甚至是IKEA s机器人家具，可以看到合作的美好未来）” 可知，作者介绍 cobots的未来趋势，旨在提出建议要让cobots融入社会，与人类生活融为一体。故选择B项。37A38B39B40D【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了面部识别技术的使用越来越多，但是也有隐私和数据泄露等风险，隐私倡导者对面部识别技术越来越多的使用提出了警告。37词句猜测题。根据第二段中“That idea was scrapped after big objections from lawmakers and activists, but the administration is

135、 moving ahead with more limited use of the technology in a number of airports and other ports of entry say it makes the public safer and so far, theyve had very few complaints from travelers. (在受到立法者和积极分子的大反对后这个主意被scrap了，但是政府在许多机场正在推进更多的有限使用的技术并且其他入境口岸表示，这使公众更安全，到目前为止，他们收到的旅客投诉很少)”由提到“受到立法者和积极分子的大反对

136、”可知这个主意会被废弃了，因此猜测划线词scrapped意为“废弃”。故选A项。38推理判断题。根据第三段中“Beyond the privacy concerns, security experts are also worried that a huge government database could be a major target for a data breach (数据泄露). (安全专家还担心庞大的政府数据库可能成为数据泄露的主要目标)”可知，安全专家对面部识别持担忧的态度。故选B项。39细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Mike Howell, a former consult

137、ant of the Department of Homeland Security, suggests a possible solution: simply erase the information after it used. “The big question for,” says Howell, “is how the government largely will protect the data. We want the data we collect to keep us safe from threats, not to, you know, make unsafe.”(美

138、国国土安全部前顾问Mike Howell提出了一个可能的解决方案：在信息被使用后直接删除。Howell说：“政府最大的问题是如何在很大程度上保护数据。我们希望收集的数据能让我们远离威胁，而不是让我们变得不安全。”)”可知，Howell建议美国政府保护与人脸识别相关的隐私。故选B项。40主旨大意题。根据第一段中“But privacy advocates are raising alarms about the growing use of facial recognition technology. (但隐私倡导者对面部识别技术越来越多的使用提出了警告)”和第二段中“The American

139、administration recently proposed a rule to use facial recognition to identify and photograph all people entering and leaving the United States, including American citizens. (美国政府最近提出一项规定，使用面部识别辨别和拍摄所有进出美国的人，包括美国公民)”以及下文的描述，可知，本文主要讲述了面部识别技术的使用越来越多，但是也有隐私和数据泄露等风险，隐私倡导者对面部识别技术越来越多的使用提出了警告，因此选项D“关于日渐增长使用面部识别技术的警告”符合题意。故选D项。