2022版高考英语一轮复习31人与环境人与动植物课时提能练含解析202103172137.doc

1、课时提能练(三十一).阅读理解(2021新高考八省联考卷)The average bear，it seems，is getting ever smarter. First，it turned out that at least one can use a comb.Now it appears that some can count，too.Jennifer Vonk，of Oakland University，in Michigan，and Michael Beran，from Georgia State University，set three American black bears t

2、he task of distinguishing between numerically larger and smaller groups of dots(点) on a computer screen.In return for a food reward one bear，Brutus，would touch the more heavily dotted pattern with his nose.The others，Bella and Dusty，would touch the screen with their claws(爪子)As the researchers repor

3、t in Animal Behavior，the bears did best with patterns where the coloured dots did not move and where more of them also took up a larger coloured area.This could be explained by the bears distinguishing the different areas of colour rather than truly counting the dots.However，the three bears managed

4、to pick out the bigger number of dots even in pairs of patterns where fewer dots took up a larger area.Moving patterns，where each dot followed its own path around the screen，were more of a challenge.But Brutus，at least，was not defeated.He seemed to be counting mobile dots even when the scientists tr

5、ied to mislead him by moving the total coloured area of the dots at the same time.It is not entirely surprising that bears should have a high degree of intelligence. They face a lot of challenges when trying to get food.They are，however，always alone，and so do not have the complex social systems that

6、 contribute to animal smarts. Perhaps，then，their maths skill developed because they cannot count on their friends for help.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。本文介绍了一些新的发现，证明了熊是一种高智商动物。1What task did the scientists set for the three bears?ADistinguishing different dot patterns.BFiguring out different colours of dots.CPut

7、ting the dots into differently coloured groups.DPicking out the group with a larger number of dots.A细节理解题。根据第二段“Jennifer Vonk, of Oakland University, in Michigan, and Michael Beran, from Georgia State University, set three American black bears the task of distinguishing between numerically larger an

8、d smaller groups of dots on a computer screen(密歇根州奥克兰大学的Jennifer Vonk和乔治亚州立大学的Michael Beran给三只美国黑熊设定了一项任务，即在电脑屏幕上区分数字上较大和较小的点)”可知，科学家们给这三只熊安排的任务是区分不同的点的模式。故选A项。2For the bears，the task was easier when .Athe coloured dots were moving slowlyBthe dot patterns were regular in shapeCthe dots followed a pa

9、th on the screenDmore dots covered a larger coloured areaD细节理解题。根据第三段“As the researchers report in Animal Behavior，the bears did best with patterns where the coloured dots did not move and where more of them also took up a larger coloured area(正如研究人员在动物行为杂志上所报道的那样，熊最擅长的图案是那些彩色的点不移动，而且更多的点占据了更大的彩色区域)

10、”可知，熊最擅长的图案是被更多的点覆盖的更大的彩色区域。故选D项。3What may explain the bears high degree of intelligence?AThey learn skills from other animals.BThey face life challenges on their own.CThey feed on a diverse range of food.DThey have complex social networks.B细节理解题。根据最后一段“It is not entirely surprising that bears shoul

11、d have a high degree of intelligence. They face a lot of challenges when trying to get food(熊拥有高度的智力并不完全令人惊讶。他们在获取食物时面临着很多挑战)”可知，熊的高智商表现在它们独自面对生活的挑战。故选B项。4What can be a suitable title for the text?ABears Taught to Distinguish ColoursBNew Evidence of Bear Intelligence FoundCThree Bears Learned How to

12、 CountDThe Smartest American Black Bear BrutusB标题归纳题。本文介绍了一些新的发现，为证明熊是一种高智商动物提供了证据，所以文章标题应该是“发现了证明熊智力的新证据”。故选B项。.完形填空(山东省实验中学2021届高三一诊)Jack Ma is known as one of the richest Chinese. 1 ，he was not born rich. He grew up at a time when China was 2 from the world, and like every family in China, his fa

13、mily didnt have 3 when they were young.As a child, Ma had 4 just like any other kid. He liked collecting crickets(蟋蟀)and making them fight. Without money, the only way Ma could change his life was through 5 . After high school, he 6 to go to college, but failed the entrance exam 7 . After a great de

14、al of studying, he finally passed on the third try, going on to 8 Hangzhou Teachers College. He 9 from college in 1988 and started applying to as many jobs as he could.He received more than a dozen 10 ， including from KFC.But he didnt give up trying and finally was employed as an English 11 . Ma lov

15、ed his students, though he only made 80 yuan a month at a local university.Ma had no experience with the 12 ， which was not very accessible to most Chinese, but he was 13 the Internet when he used it for the first time in 1995. Mas first online search was “beer”， but he was 14 to find that no Chines

16、e beers turned up in the results. It was then 15 he decided to found an Internet company for China. That was the first step to his future.【语篇解读】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了马云建立阿里巴巴以前的生活、学习和求职经历。1A.Therefore BFortunately CHowever DThusC上文中的“one of the richest Chinese”和“he was not born rich.”形成转折关系。故选C。2A.closedBd

17、ifferent CremoteDisolatedD根据“he was not born rich”可知，马云生长的那个年代，大多数家庭都是不富裕的，中国那时候也是与世隔绝的。故选D。3A.moneyBrelativesCfriendsDchangesA根据下文“Without money”可知，此处是信息词money的词汇复现。故选A。4A.tasksBhobbiesCjobsDqualitiesB根据“He liked collecting crickets(蟋蟀) and making them fight.(他喜欢收集蟋蟀，让它们打架。)”可知，马云小时候有自己的爱好。故选B。5A.e

18、ducationBworkCluckDviewA根据下文“After a great deal of studying, he finally passed on the third try(经过大量的学习，他终于在第三次尝试中通过了)”可知，马云想通过教育改变自己的命运。故选A。6A.appliedBdeservedCsucceededDfailedAapply to为固定短语，意为“申请”，此处表示申请上大学。故选A。7A.onceBoften CtwiceDseldomC根据“After a great deal of studying, he finally passed on the

19、 third try(经过大量的学习，他终于在第三次尝试中通过了)”可知，高考失败过两次。故选C。8A.attendBleave CquitDstartA根据“Hangzhou Teachers College.”可知，马云上了杭州师范大学。故选A。9A.continuedBpresentedCintroducedDgraduatedD根据“started applying to as many jobs as he could(开始申请尽可能多的工作)”可知，1988年，马云大学毕业了。graduate from为固定短语，意为“从毕业”。故选D。10A.admissionsBopportu

20、nitiesCrejectionsDinvitationsC根据“But he didnt give up trying and finally was employed(但他没有放弃努力，最终被聘用)”可知，在被录用之前经历过很多次拒绝。故选C。11A.engineerBheadmasterCteacherDworkerC根据“Ma loved his students”可知，马云被聘为一名英语老师。故选C。12A.companyBcomputerCbusinessDcompetitionB根据“the Internet when he used it for the first time

21、in 1995”可知，马云之前没有使用电脑的经验。故选B。13A.disappointed withBcrazy aboutCaddicted toDskeptical aboutB根据“It was then_he decided to found an Internet company for China.”可知，因为对电脑着迷，所以决定创立互联网公司。故选B。14A.surprisedBexcitedCdesperateDhelplessA根据“that no Chinese beers turned up in the results”(发现搜索结果中没有中国啤酒)可知，在搜索之后，没

22、有发现中国啤酒，因此感到很惊讶。故选A。15A.whenBwhere CthatDhowC“It is被强调部分that句子其他成分”为强调句的基本句型，此处对时间状语then进行强调，需用that。故选C。.语法填空(2020广东省广州市天河区高考英语模拟二)Some misunderstanding is putting shark populations at risk now.Thousands of sharks are dying as 1._ result of peoples false beliefs.Female sharks need males to make babi

23、es. Some female sharks have the ability to produce a baby by themselves and have young sharks 2._ a male shark. 3._ is commonly seen in plants and insects like ants and bees.Shark fins have medical function. Traditionally, shark fin soup 4._ (believe) to have health benefits and is quite special in

24、China.5._ modern scientists point out that shark tissue can be 6._(extreme) high in poison. Whats more, shark fishing kills up to 100 million animals each year, 7._ (endanger) several different species.If youre bitten by a shark, you will be a goner. You are more than twice as likely 8._(die) from a

25、 lightning strike as from a shark bite, according to the Florida Museums International Shark Attack File (ISAF). “Even if you are bitten, the large 9._(major) of people survive，” says Dr. Chapman.There were sixtysix unprovoked (无端的) shark bite incidents around the world in 2018, only six of 10._ wer

26、e dangerous, according to the ISAF.【语篇解读】本文讲述一些误解正在使鲨鱼种群处于危险之中，成千上万的鲨鱼因为人们的错误信仰而死亡。1a考查冠词。as a result of由于的结果，为固定搭配，故填a。2without考查介词。句意：一些雌性鲨鱼没有雄性鲨鱼也有能力自己生产一个婴儿。表示“没有”，后跟名词，所以用介词without，故填without。3It考查it的用法。指代前面句子，后面为句号，所以用人称代词it，故填It。4is believed考查时态及语态。句意：鱼翅具有医疗功能。传统上，人们认为鱼翅汤对健康有益，在中国很特别。表示“被认为”，所

27、以用被动语态，描述现状，所以用一般现在时态，主语为单数名词，故填is believed。5But考查连词。句意：鱼翅具有医疗功能。传统上，人们认为鱼翅汤对健康有益，在中国很特别。但现代科学家指出，鱼翅组织的毒性极高。前后是转折关系，故填But。6extremely考查副词。修饰形容词，所以用副词，故填extremely。7endangering考查现在分词。句子主语和endanger之间是主动关系，表示前面句子的直接结果，所以用现在分词作结果主语，故填endangering。8to die考查不定式。be likely to do sth.可能做某事，故填to die。9majority考查名

28、词。the large majority of大多数，为固定搭配，故填majority。10which考查非限制性定语从句。先行词为incidents，在非限制性定语从句中作介词的宾语，故填which引导。.应用文写作假定你是李华，给你开网店的美国朋友Jack写封信，请他代卖你爷爷制作的工艺品(工艺品自定)。要点如下：1描述工艺品外形、材料等；2介绍工艺品的特点；3告知工艺品的价格。注意：1.词数80左右；2可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。_【参考范文】Dear Jack，How is your online business? Could you do me a favor?My grand

29、father is a wellknown craftsman. He is an expert at making traditional Chinese clay figures like Guan Yu, Jiang Ziya, Nezha. Each figure is made of clay, 2 inches in size, which is painted in different colours. With various facial expressions, the clay figures are lifelike, each enjoying an interest

30、ing story. For example, Chinese people like Guan Yu, thinking he can drive out evil spirits and keep people safe. Here is a picture of each figure. I will write an introduction of each figure and pack it in a beautiful gift box.By the way, I can supply them at $1 each, and you can sell them at a proper price. Hoping it will benefit both of us. Thanks!Best wishes!Yours，Li Hua