2022高考英语一轮复习 Module 1 自然环境、自然遗产保护训练（含解析）外研版选修8.doc

1、自然环境、自然遗产保护.阅读理解AInspire your students with a school trip to Antarctica, the driest “desert” on earth! Since it is no longer the field of just scientists and explorers, we are offering a unique opportunity for you and your students to explore the great Antarctic region. Under carefully controlled co

2、nditions, you can discover Antarctic extraordinary wildlife and scenery on a voyage in the worlds last true wilderness. Antarctica offers your students different kinds of study topics from geology and plate tectonics (构造学) at Deception Island to cold environments.As the fifth largest continent in th

3、e world, Antarctica covers an area of roughly 14 million square kilometers, most of which is blanketed by a vast ice sheet, averaging 2,000 meters in thickness. For half of the year, it lies in darkness. However, with the arrival of its short summer, this cold land plays host to some of the greatest

4、 wildlife on earth. Millions of pairs of penguins, and other sea birds live in the region. Five species of seals are regularly observed hunting for food on ice. Orcas, humpback, whales and some other sea animals are often seen feeding on the oceans rich picking, adding to the impressive list of mari

5、ne mammals. The summer climate is often surprisingly mild with temperatures above freezing and the long hours of daylight mean that wildlife viewing is possible almost any time.We would argue that its impossible to describe the scenery of this continent in a single word, but “breathtaking” comes clo

6、se! This huge continent lies under the snow and ice while dramatic mountain ranges are cut through by great glaciers, forming lots of coastal islands, inlets and waterways. These are filled with ice, big of small glaciers so it is difficult to get to Antarctica by ship. The sculptured shapes and bea

7、utiful color of the blue oceans inspire the imagination and provide perfect photographic moments.An expedition voyage to Antarctica is a trip of a lifetime for students and teachers alike. Prices are available on request starting from approximately 4,500 pounds per person including return flights an

8、d voyage. Please contact us to find out more about the travel to Antarctica. Call 01737218807.语篇解读：本文是一则广告，鼓励学生参加南极洲旅行。1Now Antarctica is not only a land of scientists, but also .Aa place where no living things can be seenBa fantastic continent all the students are interested inCa good topic for res

9、earching geology and plate tectonicsDan excellent place for students to make discoveries and explorations解析：选D细节理解题。根据第一段的“Since it is . great Antarctic region.”可知，南极洲不再仅仅是科学家和探险家去的地方，我们正在为你和你的学生们提供探索南极大陆的机会。故选D。2It is possible to view the wildlife in summer almost any time because .Athe wild animal

10、s come out only in summerBvisitors can view the animals more clearly in summerCsummer offers warm weather and long hours of daylightDwild animals never sleep during the summer time解析：选C细节理解题。根据第二段的“The summer climate . almost any time.”可知，夏季气候温和，气温在零度以上，白天日照时间长意味着观看野生动物在任何时候都是可能的。故选C。3What does the

11、author expect the readers to do according to the last paragraph?ATo save money for the trip to Antarctica.BTo make a better understanding of the company.CTo get in touch with each other to organize their trip.DTo find further information about the trip to Antarctica.解析：选D推理判断题。根据最后一段的“Please contact

12、 us to find out more about the travel to Antarctica. Call 01737218807.”可知，作者期望读者联系他们得到更多的关于去南极洲旅行的信息，打电话01737218807咨询。由此可知，选D。BAntarctica is known for being a vast land of ice and snow, a place too cold for most life. Despite this, the continent is slowly starting to turn warm. According to the Guar

13、dian, the Antarctic has registered a new high temperature for the first time on record, causing fears of climate instability in the worlds iciest place.On February 9, Brazilian researchers at Seymour Island reported a temperature of 20.75 on the icy continent of Antarctica. It was almost a full degr

14、ee higher than the previous record of 19.8， taken on Signy Island in January 1982.This recordbreaking reading was taken at a monitoring station in the northern part of Antarctica. According to Brazilian soil scientist Carlos Schaefer, the temperature was documented during a 20yearlong research proje

15、ct. The focus of this project is to study the effect that climate change has on the permafrost within the region. Permafrost is soil that stays frozen for at least two years.Although this is a first record high for Antarctica, Schaefer stressed that“We cant use this to predict climatic changes in th

16、e future. Its simply a signal that something different is happening in the area.”But in fact, the last high temperature reading was in the 19 range. These higher temperatures can cause ice and glaciers in Antarctic regions to melt. The Antarctic peninsula the long finger of land that stretches towar

17、ds Argentina is most dramatically affected. Scientists saw glaciers that have retreated by more than 100 meters in Discovery Bay where the snow melted in little more than a week, leaving dark exposed rock. This melted ice leads to a rise in sea levels that can threaten the safety of coastal areas. I

18、ts believed to be behind an alarming decline of more than 50 percent in chinstrap penguin colonies, which are dependent on sea ice.Like American writer Ernest Hemingway once said，“The Earth is a fine place and worth fighting for.” We should do everything we can to help save our planet. Otherwise, it

19、 may become too hot for us to fix.语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。南极测得有气象记录以来的最高温，引发人们对于全球极寒之地气候不稳定的担忧。4What did Brazilian researchers report on February 9?ASigny Island is the warmest region in the AntarcticBAntarctica hit a record high temperature of 20.75.CThe average temperature of Antarctica ranges from 19.8 to

20、20.75.DAntarcticas new record temperature is a full degree higher than the previous decade.解析：选C细节理解题。根据第二段的内容可知，2月9日，巴西研究人员在处于严寒地带的南极洲西摩岛记录下了20.75摄氏度的高温。这比先前西格尼岛1982年1月记录的19.8摄氏度高了将近1摄氏度。故选C。5Whats the main purpose of the 20yearlong research project?ATo predict possible climatic change in the futur

21、e.BTo monitor Antarcticas contributions to world climate change.CTo explain why the permafrost may cause glaciers to melt.DTo examine how the permafrost is influenced by climate change.解析：选D细节理解题。根据第三段的“The focus of this project is to study the effect that climate change has on the permafrost within

22、 the region.”可知，该项目的关注点在于研究气候变化对于该地区永久冻土的影响。故选D。6What does the underlined word “retreated” in Paragraph 5 probably mean?AMoved forward.BIncreased in size.CCovered a certain area. DGot smaller.解析：选D词义猜测题。 根据第五段第二句可知，高温天气会导致南极洲地区的冰雪与冰川融化，所以此处指科学家们发现，探索湾的冰川已经后退了100多米，地面的积雪用一周多的时间就化得裸露出深色的岩石。由此可知，此处指冰川减

23、少了100多米。故选D。7According to the text, the melted glacier may lead to .Athe pollution of ocean waterBthe release of various virusesCthreats to penguin habitatsDdisappearance of coastal cities解析：选C细节理解题。根据第五段的“This melted ice . on sea ice.”可知，这些融化的冰雪会导致海平面上升，威胁沿海地区的安全。人们认为，这也是依赖海冰的帽带企鹅数量急剧下降超过50%的背后原因。故

24、选C。.阅读七选五Protecting the environment is really challenging, but there are measures that you can take to help preserve the natural world.Participate in a beach or river cleanup. When people litter, their trash often makes its way to our local waterways, destroying the natural homes of birds, fish and

25、other creatures in water. 1 Plant native trees and shrubs. 2 Once established, little or no irrigation should be needed for most wellplaced native plants. By planting trees and shrubs that are native to your area, youll be working with the local ecosystem rather than against it. Check with your loca

26、l nursery, or with your states cooperative extension agency, to learn more about the particular varieties of native plants that might grow well in your area. 3 Conserve energy in your home by providing weatherstripping and caulking all windows, insulating your ceilings and floors. Purchase appliance

27、s that are energyefficient; look for the “Energy Star” designation. Raise awareness of threats to nature. Make sure you share news about the threats to the environment, both inside and outside your community. Follow social media campaigns, and share their posts. Consider joining in rallies and prote

28、st marches if youre able. 4 Eat lower on the food chain. This means eat less beef (high on the food chain) and more root vegetables, and fruits. Smaller fish, being lower on the food chain, are usually better than larger fish. 5 Shifting to a more plantbased style of eating will slow the deforestati

29、on that meat production requires.AReduce the carbon footprint of your home.BTry to buy from local growers whenever possible.CPlantbased foods require less energy to produce.DPlanting native plants helps with water conservation.EConsider joining in beach or riverside cleanup events.FWrite letters to

30、local newspapers and community blogs.GHelp out by organizing the cleanup near your school during holidays.语篇解读：本文主要介绍了一些保护环境的具体举措，包括参与海滩或河流的清理工作，种植当地植物，在家中节能等。1选E根据第二段第一句“Participate in a beach or river cleanup.”可推知，本段呼吁读者参与海滩或河流的清理工作，故选E项。2选D根据空前一句“Plant native trees and shrubs.”，并根据空后一句“Once estab

31、lished, little or no irrigation should be needed for most wellplaced native plants.”可推知，种植当地植物有助于节约水资源，故选D项。3选A根据该段中的“Conserve energy in your home . Purchase appliances that are energyefficient; look for the Energy Star designation.”可推知，本段主要讲的是在家中节能，从而减少碳排放，故选A项。4选F根据上文中的“Make sure you share news . Follow social media campaigns, and share their posts.”，可推知，选项F符合语境，故选F项。5选C根据空后一句，并与本文的主题环保形成呼应可推知，植物类的食物消耗能量较少，故选C项。