2022高考英语一轮复习 Unit 6 Nature in words课后练习（含解析）外研版选择性必修第三册.doc

1、Unit 6 Nature in words课后培优微积累战高考，训练提分点同义动词(短语)的替换一、多样表达1得到：get acquire, obtain2减少：reduce decrease, lessen, cut down3改进：improve promote, enhance4帮助：help assist, aid5拥有：have own, possess6感谢：thank appreciate7表达：express convey8确信：make sure ensure9解决：solve resolve, cope with, deal with10鼓励，激发：encourage m

2、otivate, inspire11培养：develop cultivate, foster12保护：protect conserve, preserve13导致：cause bring about, result in, lead to14展示：show reveal, illustrate, demonstrate, present15确信：believe firmly be firmly convinced16感兴趣：be interested in be caught in, be crazy about, be absorbed in17改变：change transform, al

3、ter18充分利用：make full use of make the most/best of, take full advantage of19动身去某地 set off for head for20采取措施：take measures take actions, take steps 二、佳句观摩1Such information is easily gotten from the Internet.Such information is easily acquired/obtained from the Internet.从互联网上很容易获得这种信息。2A young man of h

4、is years needed to have a separate room.A young man of his years needed to own/possess a separate room.他那个年纪的年轻人需要有个单独的房间。3He made sure that the ropes were tight.He ensured that the ropes were tight.他确信绳子拉紧了。4They firmly believed that their blood would not be shed in vain.They were firmly convinced

5、that their blood would not be shed in vain.他们坚信他们的血不会白流。三、佳句仿写用同义词替换下列句子中的黑体部分1I cant express my feelings in words.I cant convey my feelings in words.我无法用言语来表达我的情感。2Urban development has caused the ruination of vast areas of countryside.Urban development has brought_about/resulted_in/led_to the ruin

6、ation of vast areas of countryside.城市发展导致大片的乡村遭到毁坏。3It was a successful lecture which made full use of multimediAIt was a successful lecture which made_the_most/best_of/took_full_advantage_of multimediA本次讲座办得非常成功，充分利用了多媒体。.阅读理解A语篇类型说明文主题语境人与自然研究发现鱼能在镜子中识别自己(2021昆明市高三诊断测试)Very few animals except dolp

7、hins，chimpanzees (黑猩猩)，and elephants have ever passed the mirror test for selfrecognition.Scientists believe they have found a fish able to recognize itself in a mirror.The result is surprising because this ability is usually only found in animals with bigger brains.Even humans dont usually pass the

8、 mirror test until they are about a year and a half olDTo test the wrasse (隆头鱼)，a small fish in the sea，scientists put each wrasse in a tank with a mirror.They gave the fish a chance to get used to the mirror and watched their reactions.At first，the wrasses challenged the “other fish” by swimming up

9、 to the mirror and “fighting” them with the mouth.But soon the wrasses seemed to understand that something funny was happening.They began to swim toward the mirror upside down or in other unusual ways.It was like they were testing whether the fish in the mirror were really themselves.Once the wrasse

10、s seemed used to the mirror，the scientists gave the wrasses a mark by putting the fish to sleep and injecting something under their skin.Some of the fish got a brown mark.Other fish got a clear “mark” that didnt have a color and couldnt be seen in a mirror.After looking in the mirror，the wrasses wit

11、h the brown marks would rub the area with the mark against the sand in the bottom of the tank.Then they would go back and look in the mirror again，as if checking if the mark was still there.But when wrasses with brown marks were put in tanks without mirrors，they didnt try to rub their marks away.And

12、 wrasses with clear “marks” didnt either，even when they could see themselves in the mirror.The unexpected results are making some people look hard for other ways to explain how the wrasses reacteDSo even though the wrasses seem to have passed the mirror test，the scientists will need some time to ref

13、lect on exactly what that means.文章大意：除海豚、黑猩猩和大象这三种动物外，很少有动物能够通过在镜子中自我辨认的测试。但科学家们发现海洋中的一种小鱼能够通过在镜子中自我辨认的测试，这让科学家们很吃惊。1Why do the scientists feel surprised about the result?ABecause the fish has a big brain.BBecause the fish succeeded in passing the mirror test.CBecause chimpanzees are as clever as do

14、lphins.DBecause elephants failed to pass the mirror test.解析：B考查细节理解。根据第一段第二、三句可知，科学家们认为他们发现一种鱼能够在镜子中辨认自己，这种能力通常只有具有较大的大脑的动物才具备，所以科学家们感到吃惊，故选B项。2What did the scientists take notice of about the wrasses at first?AThey swam in unusual ways.BThey wanted to challenge themselves.CThey thought the mirror i

15、nteresting.DThey were unaware of themselves in the mirror.解析：D考查细节理解。根据第二段第三句“At first，the wrasses.with the mouth.”可知，科学家们注意到这种鱼一开始向镜子中的“其他鱼”挑战，并用嘴攻击镜中的它们。由此可知，隆头鱼不知道镜中的影像是自己。故选D项。3How did the fish with brown marks react in the mirror test?AThey would rub the area with the mark against sanDBThey wou

16、ld pay no attention to marks.CThey would rest in the bottom of the tank.DThey would swim upside down to the mirror.解析：A考查细节理解。根据第四段首句可知，带有褐色记号的鱼会在水槽底部的沙子上摩擦带有记号的部位，故选A项。4Which can be a suitable title for the text?AWhy Are Fish Smarter than Expected?BDo Colors Affect the Experiment?CHow Is the Mirror

17、 Test Conducted?DCan Fish Recognize Themselves in the Mirror?解析：D考查标题判断。根据第一段第二句“Scientists believe they have found a fish able to recognize itself in a mirror.”并结合第二至第四段介绍的测试过程可知，本文主要介绍了科学家们发现海洋中的一种鱼也能通过在镜子中识别自己的测试，故D项适合作文章标题。B语篇类型说明文主题语境人与自然人与动植物保护米切尔眼蝶(2021福州市高三适应性练习) This morning were going to h

18、ead off down into the wetland，a very specific kind of wetland called the Prairie fen.You can find Nate Fuller counting butterflies.The Sarett Nature Center needs an accurate count of Mitchells satyr butterflies to help preserve one of their last known habitats.Theyre very particular about the kind o

19、f habitat where they can live，which is part of what makes them so rare and amazing indicators for our water quality.Today，Sarett expert Ashley ColeWick with Michigans Natural Features Inventory helps Fuller count.She says，“When I first started working on the butterfly in 2013，we had 18 populations a

20、nd in 2019，we had 10.”The Mitchells satyr butterfly went on the endangered species list in 1991.Initially it was thought that loss of wetlands contributed to their decline.Fuller says，“Its not just habitat availability.The quantity and quality of groundwater coming into these wetlands seem to be a c

21、hallenge for the butterfly.Nothing has all been sorted out exactly.”While the decline is likely a combination of factors，the fact that water quality might contribute is alarming because the wetlands are the headwaters for the Midwests rivers and streams.A captive breeding (人工繁殖) program was started

22、four years ago at the Toledo Zoo to help get to the bottom of the mystery.Today Director Ryan Walsh who heads the program says its been the only successful captive breeding program.The caterpillars (毛毛虫) spent the winter in a special weather control room that helped determine the Mitchells satyrs do

23、nt do well below 4.4 degrees Celsius.With that knowledge，the program produced 1，300 new eggs，a development that may go a long way toward restoring the population.And if all goes well，may one day the Mitchells satyr butterfly earn a ticket off the endangered species list.文章大意：最初人们认为湿地的丧失导致米切尔眼蝶数量减少，但

24、专家经过研究发现，地下水的数量和质量似乎也是其数量减少的原因；研究人员于4年前开始了一个人工繁殖项目来探索其减少的原因，之后该项目培育出很多米切尔眼蝶虫卵，这样一来，米切尔眼蝶有望脱离濒危物种名单。5What are the indicators for the water quality?AThe habitats. BThe butterflies.CThe wetlands. DThe experts.解析：B考查细节理解。根据第二段第三句“Theyre very particular about.amazing indicators for our water quality.”可知，

25、米切尔眼蝶对自己居住的栖息地的种类很挑剔，这使得它们如此稀少并成为水质的指标，故选B项。6What is the main idea of the third paragraph?AThe importance of water quality.BActions taken to protect the butterflies.CThe reasons why the number of butterflies decline.DThe natural conditions for the butterflies.解析：C考查段落大意。根据第三段内容可知，最初人们认为湿地的丧失导致米切尔眼蝶的

26、数量减少，但是Fuller认为不仅是湿地，地下水的数量和质量也是其减少的原因，由此可知，本段主要讲述米切尔眼蝶数量减少的原因，故选C项。7What does the underlined word “restoring” in Paragraph 4 most probably mean?APreserving. BIncreasing.CRecovering. DControlling.解析：C考查词义猜测。根据画线词所在句中的“the program produced 1，300 new eggs，a development that may go a long way”可知，人工繁殖项目

27、产出1，300个新卵，又结合米切尔眼蝶是濒危物种可推知，这是恢复眼蝶数量的一个新的进展，故选C项。8What can we learn about the butterfly?AIt can easily be founDBIt is not endangered now.CIt will die above 4.4 degrees Celsius.DIt can be bred by humans.解析：D考查细节理解。根据最后一段第一句的内容和倒数第二句“With that knowledge，the program produced 1，300.the population.”可知，米切

28、尔眼蝶可以人工培育，故选D项。.七选五语篇类型说明文主题语境人与自然人与动物候鸟天生就知道家的方向(2021南昌市重点中学高三模拟) Imagine you are on a long car trip.It is night and you take a wrong turn onto a dark country roaDWith a sinking feeling，you realize that you have no idea where you are.1_，and the answer is written in lighta shining compass face，with

29、north，south，east and west at the four points，and a big needle are pointing at north.What a relief！You turn your car around and head in the right direction guided by the sky.For migrating birds，finding their way over long distances through the darkest nights is their second nature.2._directions writt

30、en by light and magnetism (磁力).Some migrating birds journey for thousands of miles in their twiceyearly journeys.3._，like mountain ranges and rivers，to help decide the directions；but migrating birds may also navigate by the stars，and by sensingor even“seeing”the Earths invisible magnetic fielDFor ma

31、ny years，scientists have been studying whats behind the strong ability of migrating birds to find their way to their winter and summer homes.Here is one thing that they agree on.4._ .This compass leads them to make their very first autumn flight in the direction in which the rest of their species ha

32、ve long travelleD5._AThen you glance up at the skyBSo migrating birds are born knowing which way home isCThey do it in part by reading directions in the skyDMagnetism is important for all animals，especially birds and fishesEWhen theyre on the way，they take advantage of familiar landmarksFMigratory b

33、aby birds are already equipped with a kind of present inner compassGIn birds，migration means twoway journeysonward journey and backward journey文章大意：候鸟每年要进行两次迁徙，行程数千公里，它们靠山脉、河流、天空中的星辰以及感知地球的隐形磁场来找到正确的方向。研究表明，候鸟天生就知道家的方向。1解析：A第一段讲到你驾车迷失方向的情景，空处应是与此相关，此处表示你仰望天空，通过星辰找到方向，故A项衔接上下文。2解析：C空前一句表述候鸟能在最漆黑的夜晚远距

34、离找到它们的方向是它们的第二个本性，空处应是解释其原因，故C项“在某种程度上，它们通过读懂天空的方向来找它们的方向”符合语境。3解析：E空后的“like mountain ranges and rivers”与E项中的“familiar landmarks”相呼应。E项(鸟儿在飞行途中利用熟悉的地标)与“如山脉、河流来帮助选定方向”相衔接，故选E项。4解析：F空后的“This compass”是F项中的“inner compass”的复现。代入F项(候鸟宝宝已经具备了一种现有的内在指南针)，其与空后(这种指南针引领它们进行第一次秋季迁徙)语意相连贯。故选F项。5解析：B空前一句表述候鸟宝宝具备

35、的内在指南针引领它们进行第一次秋季迁徙，故B项(所以，候鸟天生知道回家的路)符合语境。.语法填空语篇类型记叙文主题语境人与自我个人经历放弃是为了美好的将来(2021广东省调研考试)About six years ago I began my job as an IT consultant(顾问).I had always been quite good with computers.It was a great move for me, as I quickly learned a ton.Every day was fun.It was one of the best and most ch

36、allenging jobs 1._ I had ever haDWhen 2._ (think) of a few years ahead, I realized that things started to taper(逐渐变窄).I wasnt learning as much as before.I felt a desire to try something different.But I couldnt get the courage to make any moves.I 3._ (pay) very well; I had a lot of freedom, and great

37、 benefits.I had grown comfortable and I had been 4._ (accustom) to an easy life.Last year things came to a head(达到紧急关头).I was having a 5._ (particular) stressful month, 6._ (overload) with work that was neither challenging nor interesting.I had enough.I 7._ (reach) out to my boss and let him know ab

38、out my ideAWe had a meeting about my personal 8._ (decide).He didnt want to lose me.He addressed my concerns and we agreed that I could change my job and begin working on some new internal (内部的) organizational systems.I decided to give this new role a chance.Now, a year after my role changed, not mu

39、ch is different.Senior staff did not adopt 9._ new systems I built.The work is still uninspiring and unchallenging.Change can be very difficult for some and after spending time trying to carry out new solutions, Ive realized that you simply cant change other people if they dont want it.Ive again qui

40、t my joBI need a greater challenge.Ive learned a lot 10._my quitting experience.文章大意：本文是记叙文。作者通过自己的经历说明了放弃是为了美好的将来。1解析：that考查定语从句。句意：这是我做过的最好、最具挑战性的工作之一。“_I had ever had”是定语从句，先行词jobs被最高级修饰，连接词只能用that，故填that。2解析：thinking考查现在分词。句意：当我想到未来几年，我意识到事情开始减少。前半句没有主语，前后句无连接词，所以此处think是非谓语动词，think的逻辑主语是“I”，两者之

41、间是主动关系，故用现在分词表示主动。故填thinking。3解析：was paid考查时态和语态。句意：我的薪水很高，我得到了很多自由，也得到了很多好处。根据后面的had，可知这里用一般过去时态。本句的主语是I，谓语动词是pay，主谓之间是被动关系，所以用一般过去时的被动语态。故填was paid。4解析：accustomed考查形容词。句意：我过得很舒服，习惯了安逸的生活。be accustomed to表示“习惯于”，此处填形容词做表语。故填accustomed。5解析：particularly考查副词。句意：这个月我压力特别大，超负荷的工作既无挑战性也无趣。此处用副词修饰形容词stres

42、sful。故填particularly。6解析：overloaded考查过去分词。句意：这个月我压力特别大，超负荷的工作既无挑战性也无趣。此处两句中无连词连接，所以overload是非谓语动词，overload和逻辑主语I之间是被动关系，故用过去分词表示被动，be overloaded with work表示工作过重，故填overloaded。7解析：reached考查时态。句意：我联系了我的老板，让他知道了我的想法。根据前文的Last year，可知这里在描述过去发生的事情，故用一般过去时。故填reached。8解析：decision考查名词。句意：我们就我个人的决定开了个会。空前是形容词personal，此处需要填名词，前文出现了my，所以是我的一个决定，需要用单数形式。故填decision。9解析：the考查冠词。句意：高级职员没有采用我建立的新系统。根据I built可知这里是特指我建立的系统，所以用定冠词the。故填the。10解析：from考查介词。句意：我从辞职的经历中学到了很多。learn sth. from表示“从学习”，是固定搭配。故填from。