2022高考英语一轮复习 主题训练（二十一）主要国家地理概况（含解析） (2).doc

1、主题训练(二十一)主要国家地理概况大阅读提升阅读速度内化读文规律(满分70分，限时55分钟).阅读理解(共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分)APlaces of Interest in WalesConway: On the north Wales coast, Conway is where youll find the worlds smallest house, as well as a much larger “house”， Conway Castle, which was built in the 13th century.Anglesey: This beautiful isla

2、nd is joined to the rest of north Wales by a road bridge and a railway bridge, and its just a short drive from Conway. Here you can visit the village of Llanfair Pwllgwyngyll which has the strangest name in Europe. Dont miss the station. The sign runs the complete length of the platform! Also on Ang

3、lesey is Beaumaris Castle, which was started in the 13th century and to this day remains unfinished.Sonwdonia: Just a couple of hours drive from Beaumaris is the Snowdonia mountain range, which takes its name from the highest mountain in Wales, Mount Snowdon. From there, visit the famous Swallow Fal

4、ls at nearby BetwsyCoed.Portmeirion: In 1925 Clough WilliamsEllis bought an attractive piece of Welsh land for less than 5,000. He then set out to show the world how a naturally beautiful castle could be built without being damaged and spent the next 50 years building the town of Portmeirion with a

5、style of Italy.For more information, order our fullcolour brochures：Things to See in WalesA more complete look at the full range of tourist attractions in this amazing part of the British Isles.Wales: Sea, Sand and SunWales has miles of beautiful coastlines with long, sandy beaches plus 23 islands a

6、nd more hours of sunshine each year than anywhere else in Britain. Get the inside story here.Wales for the FearlessOver 30 ideas for adventure activities and sports, both traditional and extreme.Wales has it all! Call (44) 7754 45632 to order brochures.1What do we know about Anglesey?AIt is far from

7、 Conway.BIt can be reached by train.CIt lies in the south of Wales.DIt has the smallest house in the world.解析：选B细节理解题。根据第二段第一句“Anglesey: This beautiful island is joined to the rest of north Wales by a road bridge and a railway bridge, and its just a short drive from Conway”可知，乘火车可以抵达Anglesey，故选B。2Wh

8、ere can visitors go if they want to see the Italianstyle building?AConway.BAnglesey.CSonwdonia. DPortmeirion.解析：选D细节理解题。根据第四段最后一句中的“spent the next 50 years building the town of Portmeirion with a style of Italy”可知，在Portmeirion可欣赏到意大利风格的建筑，故选D。3What can visitors get from the brochures?AIntroduction o

9、f the climate in Wales.BCharacteristics of buildings in Wales.CInformation about adventure activities.DDetailed information about people in Wales.解析：选C细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“Over 30 ideas for adventure activities and sports, both traditional and extreme”可知，在旅游手册上可以看到关于冒险活动的介绍，故选C。BGermans have a word “wander

10、lust” which translated into English would be the desire to wander. Nowadays the opportunity to travel is endless. Thanks to lowcost airfares, travelling all over the world is very accessible and sometimes its even cheaper to fly out of the country than to travel within your own.I have always had the

11、 feeling of wanderlust. As a young girl it started from me wanting to explore my local woods at the back of my garden. With me growing up, I have a sense of adventure. And I found my local woods being replaced with the Brazilian wetland, Pantanal, where I went last summer in search of jaguars, snake

12、s and crocodiles.The thing with travelling is always different. Even if you go to the same country, to the same town and stay in the exact same rest house, it would be a completely different experience. The people you meet will be different, and they will tell you their own travelling stories: stori

13、es of holiday romances, holiday horrors and stories that seem so suspect that you can hardly believe them until something ridiculous happens to you and you find yourself becoming one of those people telling your tales. Or maybe the difference is yourself.When you travel you are forced to be in harmo

14、ny with a new culture. Whether its eating a strange food, or staying with a family, where neither of you speak a common language and you have to communicate through hand movements and smiles, the_experience_gives_me_itchy_feet_to_do_it_all_again. And although wanderlust is originally a German word,

15、the English idiom reflects a similar idea. Someone with that needs to leave or travel. This feeling to explore is found not only in language but in us.语篇解读：本文是一篇夹叙夹议的文章，作者通过分享自己旅游的经历来传达旅游带来的益处。4Why is the Brazilian wetland mentioned in Paragraph 2?AThe authors garden lies near it.BIts similar to the

16、 authors hometown.CIts the desirable place for travel lovers.DThe author intends to share her nature.解析：选D推理判断题。根据第二段中的“With me growing up, I have a sense of adventure . crocodiles”可知，作者告诉读者她是一个喜欢冒险的人，巴西湿地是她曾经到过的地方，由此可知，她是在阐释自己喜欢冒险的天性，故选D。5What do we know from Paragraph 3?AThere are many ridiculous

17、travel stories.BTravel can change the way people view things.CThe author prefers to go to the same country.DIts interesting to know local culture and people.解析：选B推理判断题。根据第三段中的“you can hardly believe them . Or maybe the difference is yourself”可知，作者一开始觉得旅游途中听说的荒诞故事让人难以置信，但后来自己有了亲身经历，也成了这些讲故事的人之一，所以随着旅

18、游经历的丰富，原有的对事物的看法会相应地发生变化。故选B。6What does the author mean by the underlined sentence in Paragraph 4?AShe feels the urge to take a tour once more.BThe situation leaves her much discomfort.CHer feet feels too tired when she is abroad.DThe experience makes her lose confidence.解析：选A句意理解题。根据画线部分的上文可知，在旅游过程

19、中你要融入新的文化环境，适应新的群体；下文中的“wanderlust . Someone with that needs to leave or travel”表明，有itchy feet的人喜欢旅游，由此可知，本句表示“这样的经历给予作者再一次旅游的强烈渴望”，故选A项。7In which section of a website can we read the text?AHobbies of the Germans.BLife around the world.CFashion on the earth.DCity tours and tips.解析：选B文章出处题。通读全文可知，作者讲

20、述了自己在各地旅游的经历和感受以及对旅游的渴望，这应属于“Life around the world”版块中的内容。C(2021合肥质检)Have you ever heard of agritourism where you can experience the farm life? If not, Dr. Cindy AyersElliott will tell you the real story of Food Print Farms.The original concept of building Food Print Farms was simple. When AyersElli

21、ott returned to her hometown after graduation, she didnt have to look any further than her states alarming health statistics to find a mission. Everywhere she turned, there were reports of high blood pressure, diabetes, obesity and heart disease. “The problem was already identified，” explains AyersE

22、lliott. “Too many Mississippians were seriously unhealthy and it didnt take research to see that. And many of the states greatest health challenges could directly result from poor diet.”These days, Food Print Farms, which started with a few raised beds of herbs and vegetables, is making fresh, natur

23、ally grown food. “When speaking of the key to my success, the coop model works because we share the work and rewards，” notes AyersElliott. “A perfect example is the Wingfield High School football team. To earn the money for equipment and other items, players committed to working five hours a week on

24、 the farm, and by the end of the summer they produced 1,000 melons and the profits from their sales helped to buy weights, Tshirts, sweat suits and pregame meals. But the lessons they learned about the rewards of hard work and working together to accomplish something were even more valuable products

25、 of their efforts.”“Its a model that can easily be learned in other places and Im looking forward to seeing some of our current partners do just that to take what they have learned here and spin it off in other communities，” AyersElliott remarks. She is now looking forward to developing an agritouri

26、sm area to the farm, where visitors can experience the farm life, learn new skills and take with them seeds of inspiration they can sow in their own communities when they return home.语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了一个农业旅游基地Food Print Farms建立的原因及其发展情况。8What made AyersElliott set up Food Print Farms?AThe problems

27、faced by local farmers.BHer further research into heart disease.CThe failure of her career after graduation.DThe health state of people in her hometown.解析：选D细节理解题。文章第二段提到AyersElliott毕业后回到家乡，看到到处有高血压、糖尿病、肥胖症和心脏病的报道，而且很多人身体严重不健康，却没有人对此进行研究，并且这里人们的很多健康挑战都来源于不良饮食，因此她决定建立Food Print Farms。9Why does the au

28、thor take the football team as an example?ATo advocate the concept of independence.BTo stress the importance of teamwork.CTo support the idea of coop model.DTo explore the key to success.解析：选C推理判断题。文章第三段第二句AyersElliott谈到了其成功的关键在于合作社模式，他们共同工作，共享回报；紧接着举Wingfield High School football team的例子正是为了支持这一观点，

29、故选C。10What is AyersElliotts attitude towards the future of Food Print Farms?AOptimistic. BSkeptical.CCautious. DAmbiguous.解析：选A推理判断题。文章最后一段中的“Im looking forward to . and spin it off in other communities”和“She is now looking forward to . they can sow in their own communities when they return home”可知，

30、AyersElliott对Food Print Farms的发展充满期待。由此可推知，她对Food Print Farms的未来持乐观的态度。11What is the main idea of the text?ANaturally grown food benefits peoples health.BFood Print Farms is making a difference in Mississippi.CAyersElliott encourages people to experience the farm life.DAgritourism is becoming increa

31、singly popular in America.解析：选B主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了Food Print Farms的情况生产新鲜、自然生长的食物，采用合作社模式，这对改善AyersElliott家乡当地人的饮食有很大作用，故选B。DThe world is a greener place than it was 20 years ago, and a study based on data from NASA satellites has showed a source for much of this new greening phenomenon: China and

32、India. China and India account for onethird of the greening, but contain only 9% of the planets land area covered in vegetation (植被)“When the greening of the Earth was first observed, we thought it was due to a warmer, wetter climate and added carbon dioxide (CO2) in the atmosphere, leading to more

33、leaf growth in northern forests. Now, with the data, we see that humans are contributing much，”said Rama Nemani, a coauthor of the study. Chinas outsized contribution to the global greening trend comes in large part (42%) from programs to conserve and expand forests. These were developed in an effor

34、t to reduce the effects of soil erosion, air pollution and climate change. Another 32% there 82% of the greening seen in India comes from intensive (集约的) growing of food crops.However, researchers point out that the greening in the future depends on numerous aspects, both on a global level and the l

35、ocal human level. For example, increased crop production in India is promoted by groundwater irrigation. If the groundwater is running out, its crop production will be on the decrease, leading to less greening.The gain in greenness seen around the world and led by China and India does not offset the

36、 damage from loss of natural vegetation in tropical regions, such as Brazil and Indonesia. The consequences for sustainability (可持续性) and biodiversity in those ecosystems remain.Nemani is pretty excited about the findings, not just because the greener, the better. “Once people realize theres a probl

37、em, they tend to fix it，” he said. “In the 70s and 80s in India and China, the situation around vegetation loss wasnt good; in the 90s, people realized it; and today things have improved. Humans are unbelievable adaptable.”语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。NASA的卫星资料显示，中国和印度的行动主导了地球变绿！12Which is the main reason for the

38、Earths getting greener?AThe expanding of leaf area in northern forests.BWarmer and wetter climate in China and India.CFavorable weather and increased CO2 in the air.DTreeplanting programs and intensive agriculture.解析：选D细节理解题。根据第一段第一句和第二段中的“Chinas outsized contribution to the global greening trend co

39、mes in large part (42%) from programs to conserve and expand forests . India comes from intensive (集约的) growing of food crops”可知，中国和印度正引领着地球绿化的增加，而这主要源于中国的植被计划和两国的集约农业。故选D。13What does the example in Paragraph 3 prove?AIndian crop production may decline.BHumans advance the global greening.CThe greeni

40、ng trend may change.DGroundwater in India is running out.解析：选C推理判断题。根据第三段的内容可知，地球的绿化趋势由很多方面决定，通过接下来所举的例子可知，如果印度地下水枯竭，作物产量就会下降，进而导致绿化减少。由此可推知，这个例子表明绿化趋势可能会出现变化。故选C。14What does the underlined word “offset” in Paragraph 4 probably mean?APrevent. BBalance.CInterrupt. DSurvive.解析：选B词义猜测题。根据第四段中的“The cons

41、equences for sustainability (可持续性) and biodiversity in those ecosystems remain”可知，巴西和印度尼西亚等热带地区的生态系统的可持续性和生物多样性所受的负面影响仍然存在。再结合第一段中的最后一句可知，画线词所在句的含义应是：中国和印度主导的全球绿化的增加并不能抵消巴西和印度尼西亚等热带地区自然植被减少所带来的损失。offset是“抵消，弥补”之意，与balance“相抵，抵消”的含义相近。故选B。15How does Nemani find the findings?AThey are a positive indic

42、ator of human nature.BThey convey that the greener, the better.CThey show humans prefer to fix their mistakes.DThey are consistent with his expectation.解析：选A推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Once people realize theres a problem, they tend to fix it” “in the 90s, people realized it; and today things have improved. Huma

43、ns are unbelievable adaptable”可知，当人们意识到问题时，他们会想办法来解决。人类具有出乎意料的适应能力。由此可知，研究结果表明了人性积极的一面。故选A。.阅读七选五(共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分) Ways to Get Your Kids into NatureBeing in nature for kids has tremendous health benefits. There are many ways you can incorporate nature into your childrens lives, even if you live in

44、the city.Inspire curiosity by being curious yourself. A parents excitement can be spread to the children, and when you show respect for nature, your children follow suit. _16_. “I dont know! Lets find out together.” is a wonderful way to get the ball rolling. Be open to a mutual adventure and allow

45、your curious inner child to come out while you explore nature with your children._17_. If you have to carpool (拼车) in the morning, turn off the devices instead and encourage your children to look out of the window. The early morning fall skies are beautiful with color and migrating birds. After all,

46、 even views of nature from the car window are calming and beneficial.Stop thinking about nature time as leisure time. Time in nature is an essential investment in your childrens health and wellbeing. If you view nature time as essential to good health, you will be more likely to engage in it. _18_，

47、nurturing creativity and wonder is part of your responsibility as parents.Look at the stars. Visit your local observatory, and then drive out of the city some morning or evening for your own stargazing (天体观察) with a blanket and telescope. Observing the stars offers a deeper and wider understanding o

48、f the universe. _19_.Plant a small garden. _20_. Bean and pea plants grow quickly and can be eaten when mature, so teach your children about food and the wonder of growth.ALimit electronic devices while drivingBEncourage questions you dont know the answers toCIf you want to raise your healthy, wellb

49、alanced childrenDIf you have the space, help your children plant a few vegetablesEIt will teach teamwork, pride in the community, and family togethernessFIf your child is interested, encourage him to get involved in the communityGAllow yourself to think about it, and talk to your children about that

50、 wonder16选B根据下文中的“I dont know! Lets find out together. is a wonderful way to get the ball rolling”，并与上文中的“Inspire curiosity”呼应可推知，此处表示鼓励孩子一起探索你自己也不知道答案的问题，从而激发好奇心，故选B项。17选A根据空后一句可推知，开车时关掉电子设备，多看看窗外也是一种与大自然接触的方式，故选A项。18选C承接上文“Time in nature is an essential investment in your childrens health and well

51、being”和空后的“nurturing creativity . as parents”可推知，如果想要培养出健康、明智的孩子，培养他们的创造性和好奇心也是作为父母的责任，故选C项。19选G根据上文“Observing the stars offers a deeper and wider understanding of the universe”可推知，G项承接上文，G项中的it指代上句中的“the universe”，故选G项。20选D承接上文“Plant a small garden”，并与空后一句呼应可推知，此处作者建议父母开辟一个小菜园，帮孩子种点蔬菜，一起见证它们生长的奇迹，故

52、选D项。.完形填空(共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分)When I was a child, I loved to go fishing with Dad. But the only thing that wasnt very _21_ about it was that I couldnt catch anything. I usually got pretty _22_ and kept asking him why. He _23_ answered, “Son, if you want to catch a fish, you have to think like a fish.

53、” I remember being even more upset then because I didnt _24_ how to think like a fish. Besides, I _25_， how could what I think _26_ what a fish does?As I got a little older I began to _27_ what Dad really meant. So, I read some books on fish. And I even joined the local _28_ club. I learned that a f

54、ish is a coldblooded animal and therefore is very _29_ water temperature. That is why fish prefer _30_ water to deep water because the former is _31_. Besides, water is usually warmer in direct sunlight than in the _32_. Yet, fish dont have any eyelids and the sun _33_ their eyes . The more I unders

55、tood fish, the more I became effective at finding and _34_ them.When I grew up and _35_ the business world, I remember hearing my first _36_ say, “We all need to think like salespeople.” But it didnt completely make _37_. My dad never once said, “If you want to catch a fish you need to think like a

56、_38_.” What he said was, “You need to think like a fish.” Years later, with great efforts to _39_ longterm services for people much older and richer than me, I gradually _40_ what we all need is to think more like customers. It is not an easy job.21A.fun BeasyCclear Dcertain解析：选A根据空后的“I couldnt catc

57、h anything”可推知，作者去钓鱼却空手而归自然不是什么有趣的事情。22A.tired BupsetCmistaken Dworried解析：选B因为作者钓不到任何东西，所以他总是很沮丧，与下文中的“I remember being even more upset then”呼应。upset“沮丧”。23A.quickly BquietlyCalways Dangrily解析：选C根据上文中的“kept asking him why”可推知，父亲也总是给出以下回答。24A.realize BexplainCask Dknow解析：选D作者在得到父亲的回答后更加苦恼，因为作者不知道怎样像鱼

58、一样思考。25A.reasoned BbelievedCremembered Dinsisted解析：选A根据语境可推知，作者当时很困惑，就思考自己的想法怎么能影响(influence)鱼的行动呢。reason“思考”。26A.stop BfollowCinfluence Dsupport解析：选C参见上题解析。27A.challenge BunderstandCdoubt Dprove解析：选B根据对下文的整体理解可推知，随着年龄的增长，作者对当年父亲的话有了一定的理解。28A.nature BreadingCscience Dfishing解析：选D根据下文作者对鱼的深入了解可推知，作者读

59、了一些关于鱼的书，甚至加入了一个当地的钓鱼俱乐部。29A.sensitive to Bcareful aboutCfamiliar with Dinterested in解析：选A根据下文鱼对水温的不同反应可推知，作为冷血动物的鱼对水温是很敏感的。be sensitive to“对敏感”。30A.surface BclearCfresh Dshallow解析：选D与空后的“deep water”形成对比可推知，鱼更喜欢浅水区。shallow“浅的”。31A.cleaner BsaferCwarmer Dcalmer解析：选C根据语境并结合常识可推知，浅水区水温较暖，鱼更喜欢。32A.air B

60、shadeCdark Dbottom解析：选B与空前的“in direct sunlight”形成对比可推知，太阳直射的地方的水比阴凉地方的水更暖和。33A.meets BlightensCshuts Dhurts解析：选D根据空前的“fish dont have any eyelids”并结合语境可推知，太阳直射会灼伤鱼的眼。34A.feeding BattendingCcatching Dfollowing解析：选C作者对鱼了解越多就能更高效地找到并钓到鱼。35A.discovered BenteredCexplored Denjoyed解析：选B根据对下文的理解可知，此处表示作者长大后进

61、入商界。36A.boss BfriendCassistant Dguest解析：选A根据上文中的“the business world”可推知，作者想起了他第一个老板所讲的话。37A.sense BmoneyCtrouble Ddifference解析：选A根据下文作者把老板的话同自己父亲讲的话进行对比可推知，老板讲的话并不是十分有道理。make sense“有道理”。38A.customer BsalesmanCfish Dfisherman解析：选D根据上文作者认为老板的话并不是十分有道理可推知，作者的父亲从没有讲过“要捕鱼，就要像渔夫一样思考”这样的话。39A.receive Bprom

62、oteCescape Drequire解析：选B根据语境可推知，此处表示作者在努力向更年长、更富有的人推销服务。promote“推销，推广，促销”。40A.decided BacceptedClearned Dagreed解析：选C根据语境并结合空前的“gradually”可推知，作者经过不懈努力终于明白了经商之道，与作者明白父亲当年的教诲形成呼应。精表达夯实语言基础提升表达能力.单词拼写1Antarctica, which is the coldest continent (大陆) in the world, lies in the extreme south of the earth.2S

63、ichuan Province is made up of a basin and some mountainous (多山的) areas.3Scientists are trying to make the deserts (沙漠) into good land again.4Whats more, we should take good care of the jungles (丛林) and plant more trees instead of cutting them down so as to improve our living conditions.5In our geogr

64、aphy (地理) class, we are learning about rivers.6Beijing is the capital (首都) of China, with a long history and lots of famous places.7Jack has been to a remote (偏远的) village to do some voluntary work for two months.8As student volunteers, we helped clean the streets in the holidays, and planted trees

65、in local (当地的) parks last year.9This country is abundant in natural resources, especially in minerals (矿物质)10The steps sometimes were flat, but sometimes steep (陡峭的).单句语法填空1After the typhoon, people found some tall trees, measuring (measure) more than 10 meters, lying on the ground.2They have made a

66、mazing (amaze) achievements in the past few years, shocking many people.3China is located in the east of the Asian mainland and faces the Pacific Ocean on the east.4Take your time its just a short distance from here to the restaurant.5This job doesnt pay well, but itll roughly (rough) cover your dai

67、ly expenses.6Some measures should be taken to purify the water before it is poured (pour) into the rivers.7In order to stop the wind from blowing (blow) the earth away, we have planted a lot of trees.8The freezing (freeze) Northeast hasnt been a terribly fun place to spend time this winter.9There ar

68、e more sunny days in Beijing while more cloudy (cloud) days in London.10Since January 2017, many cities in China have seen a lot of foggy (fog) days.完成句子1My hometown lies_at_the_foot_of_the_mountain,_with a big river running in front of it.我的家乡就在山脚下，有一条大河从它的前面流过。2It covers a total area of 7,434.4 sq

69、uare kilometers with_a_population_of_14.0435 million.它的总面积是7 434.4平方千米，总人口是1 404.35万。3Kunmings climate_is_warm_throughout_the_year with a lot of sunshine, and it is famous as “Spring City”昆明的气候终年温暖，阳光充足，素有“春城”之称。4Besides, there is a beach called Carribean Beach with clear water, where_we_can_swimlik

70、e_a_fish.此外，这里有加勒比海滩，海水清澈，在这里我们可以像鱼一样游泳。5As we can enjoy, the scenery is beautiful and the air is fresh, attracting_a_number_of_tourists_from_all_over_the_world.正如我们所喜欢的，这里风景优美，空气新鲜，吸引着一些来自世界各地的游客。.书面表达假定你是李华。本周末学校组织学生到三峰山(the Three Peaks)徒步旅行。请你根据以下内容，给外教Lily写一封邮件，邀请她参加你们的活动。1活动安排(时间、地点等)；2邀请参加。注意：

71、1.词数100左右；2可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 参考范文：Dear Lily，Im Li Hua, a student from Class 1 Grade 3. Im writing to share some good news with you. An activity about walking in the Three Peaks will be held by our school. As scheduled, it will last from 8：30 am to 5：30 pm this Sunday. I feel honored to sincerely invi

72、te you to join us.Aiming to expose students to a relaxing atmosphere, this activity is scheduled outdoors. Remember to wear comfortable shoes and clothes. To be honest, you are so popular among us students that we are longing for your company as well as your guidance, which will surely bring us plenty of happiness.Are you interested in it? Id appreciate it if you could accept my invitation. Looking forward to your reply.Yours，Li Hua