2022高考英语话题复习一轮学案：主题语境38自然灾害与防范安全常识与自我保护 WORD版含解析.doc

1、主题语境38自然灾害与防范，安全常识与自我保护课前 常见单词1burst vvt. & vi.爆裂；爆炸vi.突然发生n爆裂；爆炸；突发burst out laughing/cryingburst into laughter/tears突然大笑起来/痛哭起来a burst of laughter 一阵大笑2bury vt. 埋葬；掩藏；埋头于be buried in/bury oneself in埋头于；专心于3canal n. C运河；沟渠；水道4crack vi. & vt.(使)发出爆裂声；(使)破裂；断裂nC裂缝；裂痕；爆裂声5damage nU损害；损坏；损失 vt.损害；损坏do/

2、cause damage to 造成损坏6damp adj.有湿气的；潮湿的 nU潮湿；湿气7dirty adj. 肮脏的；卑鄙的8disaster n. 灾难；不幸；彻底失败的人/事9earthquake n. C地震(quake)10express vt.表达；表示特快发送 adj.只用于名词前特快的；快递的 nC特快列车(express train)U快送；快递服务11extreme adj.只用于名词前极度的极端的；严重的末端的；尽头的 nC极端；极度extreme sports 极限运动12extremely adv. 极其；非常13forbid vt. 禁止；妨碍；阻止禁止某人做某

3、事forbidden adj. (因官方规定而) 被禁止的14headline n. C(报纸的)标题15heal vt.& vi. 治愈；愈合；康复16healthy adj. 健康的17hence adv. 因此；所以 18highlight vt.突出；强调；使醒目 nC最精彩的部分19hilly adj. 山丘的；丘陵的；多山的20historical adj. 历史上的；有关历史的places of historical interest历史名胜21highrise adj.多层的；高层的 nC高楼22injure vt. 使受伤；伤害injured adj.受伤的be seriou

4、sly/slightly injured受重/轻伤injury n. 伤害；受伤；伤处；受伤的人23national adj.国家的；全国性的；民族的国有的，国营的National Day 国庆节24outline n概要；提纲轮廓vt.概述；列的纲要画出的轮廓25postpone vt. 使延迟；使延期postpone doing sth. 推迟做某事26rescue vt.营救 n救援；营救come to sb.s rescue 营救某人27report vi. & vt.报告；汇报 vt.举报；告发nC报告；汇报；成绩报告单be reported to do sth./It is rep

5、orted that .据报道make/give a report on/about .做关于的报告reporter n. 记者；报告人28shelter nC遮盖物；躲避处；避难所居住；住处保护；掩蔽；庇护 vt.掩护；保护；为提供避难所vi.躲避；避难29shift vi. & vt.转移；移动(使)改变nC转移；转换班；轮班(计算机)转换键(shift key)30shock n(爆炸、地震等引起的)强烈震动；冲击C电击；触电(electric shock)常用单数(精神上的)震惊；打击；令人震惊的事U休克 vt.使震惊；使气愤31smell (smelt/smelled, smelt/

6、smelled) vt.不用于被动语态闻；嗅不用于进行时闻到不用于被动语态觉察出；感觉到vi.常与can, could连用闻到气味；有嗅觉不用于进行时发出臭味用作系动词闻起来有的气味/气息 n气味；臭味U嗅觉C闻；嗅32steam nU水蒸气；蒸汽vvi.散发蒸汽vt.蒸(食物)steamer n. C汽船；蒸锅33survive vi. & vt.幸存于；艰难度过vi.保存下来vt.比活得长survival n幸存；继续存在；幸存物；残存物survivor n. C幸存者34ruin vt.糟蹋；毁坏使破产nC(常用复数)废墟；遗迹；残余 U毁灭；破产be in ruins成为废墟fall

7、into/go to ruin 灭亡；废墟；衰落35useless adj.无用的；无效的；无价值的(反义useful)常用词块1right away立刻；马上2think little/nothing of 以为没什么3have a go (at) 试一试4in ruins 严重受损；破败不堪5dig out 掘出；发现6be meant to 旨在；目的是7be proud of 以而自豪8judging from 从判断9be trapped in 陷入；被困在10be buried in 埋头于11make way for 给让路；让位于12hang on (hold on) 不挂断；

8、(在逆境中)坚持；紧紧握住，保留(to sth.)13call on sb. to do sth. 号召某人做某事14be fed up with 受够了；饱受；厌烦15keep out 关在门外；不准入内16a great number of 大量；许多17at an end 结束；终结一、单词拼写(根据提示写出单词)1Can you tell me the outline of the passage under the headline_(标题)?2After learning that the boys had been lost for almost 20 hours, the po

9、lice sent out a rescue (营救) team to look for them.3We can change water into steam (蒸汽) by heating it.4A water pipe burst (爆裂) and the entire apartment was flooded.5Too much drinking will do damage (损害) to your health; you should take the doctors advice.6It is useless (无用的) discussing the matter with

10、 him.He wont change his mind.7The first thing he did was to find shelter (掩蔽处) from the freezing wind and snow.8It was the second air disaster (灾难) in the region in less than two months.9At that time, the Panama Canal_ (运河) was under US control.10It was damp (潮湿的) everywhere and the entire building

11、was in need of rewiring.二、词形转换(用所给单词的正确形式填空)1She created a website page, matching survivors (survive) in need with donors who wanted to help.2The manonthestreet interview is an interview in which a reporter (report) hits the streets with a cameraman to interview people on the spot.3. After years of

12、regular treatment, she finally became healthy (health)4He is a truthful person; therefore I extremely (extreme) trust him.5. Most Americans dont even remember the birthdays of their own national (nation) heroes.6Animals may drink dirty (dirt) water outside, which may contain something unhealthy for

13、them.7“Have a nice day！” may be a pleasant gesture or a meaningless expression (express)三、固定搭配(在空格处填1个适当的单词)1Having consulted a great number of books about the subject in the library, he went into the room, ready to give the audience a wonderful speech.2Judging from his happy look on the face, he mu

14、st have passed the exam this time.3As the farmer ploughed the field, he dug out a pot of jewelry.4My holiday is at an end and I must go back to work tomorrow.5I was trapped in the heavy rain on the way to school yesterday.6When I came in, he was buried in playing computer games in his study.7The guy

15、 is always making phone calls to her, but she thinks little of him.8The strong earthquake left the city in ruins merely in several seconds.9Without the support of my parents I would have probably cracked up completely. But I managed to hang on.10Several houses were pulled down to make way for the ne

16、w road.四、形变动词(用所给动词的正确形式填空)1With so many miners buried (bury) under the mine, none of the rescue workers would stop to have a rest.2(2018浙江高考)I still remember visiting a friend whod lived here for five years and I was_shocked (shock) when I learnt she hadnt cooked once in all that time.3Nowadays the

17、 priority for travelling is_shifted_(shift) from shopping to food and scenery.4When wolves eat other animals, they usually kill the very young, or the sick and injured (injure)5My father has even forbidden (forbid) me from meeting Internet friends.6He bent down and smelt/smelled (smell) the beautifu

18、l flowers.7We have begun to_heal (heal) the wounds of war in our society.8It was_reported (report) that many people had lost their lives in the earthquake.五、单句写作(依据汉语提示补全句子)1并非所有的肢体语言在不同的国家里都有相同的意思，例如点头。(部分否定)Not_all_body_language_means/All_body_language_doesnt_mean the same thing in different count

19、ries, such as nodding.2杰克正在超市中购物，突然停电了。(be doing .when)Jack was_doing_some_shopping_in_the_supermarket_when the power was cut off.3他老爱说大话，就仿佛他是一位大人物似的。(as if)He likes to talk big as_if_he_were_an_important_person.4正如那句老话：活到老，学到老。(too . to .)Just as an old saying goes: it is never too_late_to_learn.5

20、无论他走到哪里，都受到热烈欢迎。(everywhere)Everywhere_he_went,_he received a warm welcome.6你在会上说的话使我们陷入沉思。What you said at the meeting left_us_lost_in_thought.7随着城市里汽车数量的快速增长，我们的环境变得越来越糟糕。With the number of cars increasing fast in our city, our_environment_is_getting_increasinglyworse.8我们将为海啸灾民举行一个会议，讨论筹款事宜。We wil

21、l hold a meeting to discuss the moneyraising event in_behalf_of_the_tsunami_victims.9除非我们现在就采取行动保护地球，否则我们将来将无处可住。Well have nowhere to live in the future_unless_we_take_action_to_protect_the_earth_now.10众所周知，全球水资源短缺正变得越来越严重，主要是由于全球变暖。It is wellknown that the global water shortage is becoming increasi

22、ngly severe mainly_due_to_global_warming.课堂 一、这样学主题强化“语言能力”和“学习能力”1burst vi.(burst, burst)爆裂；爆发n.突然破裂；爆发以文化人With hundreds of flowers bursting into bloom, I think spring has the most beautiful scenery in a year.随着百花盛开，我认为春天拥有一年中最美丽的景色。(1)burst in/into闯入；突然破门而入(2)突然哭起来/笑起来burst with anger/joy 勃然大怒/乐不可

23、支对点练习对比填空(in/into)He burst in without knocking at the door, which made me very angry.He burst into the room without knocking at the door, which made me very angry.完成句子He felt he would burst_with_anger when he heard the bad news.当他听到这个坏消息时，他感到要气炸了。名师点睛短语burst in中的in是副词，后面不接宾语；而burst into中的into是介词，后面应

24、接宾语。2bury vt.掩埋；埋葬；隐藏以文化人The army organized teams to dig out those who were trapped and to bury the dead. 解放军组成小分队，将受困的人们挖出来，将死者掩埋。(1)埋头于；专心于(2)bury ones face in ones hands 双手掩面对点练习单句语法填空Buried (bury) in his study, he wasnt aware that all the others had left.Burying (bury) his face in his hands, he

25、tried to control his weeping.In the earth was_buried (bury) a jar with lots of ancient coins in it.句式升级He sat at a wooden table and was buried in reading.He sat at a wooden table, buried_in_reading.(过去分词短语作状语)He sat at a wooden table, burying_himself_in_reading.(现在分词短语作状语)联想发散表示“专心于；致力于”的短语除了be buri

26、ed in外，还有下列常用短语：be absorbed/engaged inbe devoted tobe lost in focus onconcentrate onfix/concentrate ones attention on3forbid vt.(forbade, forbad; forbidden)禁止；不准以文化人I think it necessary to forbid shops and supermarkets from offering free plastic shopping bags.我认为禁止商店和超市提供免费的塑料购物袋是必要的。forbid doing st

27、h.prohibit doing sth.禁止做某事forbid sb. to do sth.forbid sb. from doing sth.禁止某人做某事对点练习单句语法填空It is high time that we forbade setting (set) off fireworks in urban areas!You are forbidden to_leave (leave) the room unless you apologize for what you have done.His own pride forbids him to_ask (ask) Arthurs

28、help.名师点睛forbid后不能直接跟动词不定式作宾语，但可直接跟动名词作宾语，也可用forbid sb. to do sth.形式，有类似用法的单词还有：allow, permit, advise等。prohibit/ban sb. from doing sth.只有这一种形式。4postpone vt.推迟；延期以文化人First of all, youd better arrive on time instead of postponing arriving because it is polite to be punctual in China.(2018全国卷书面表达)首先，你最

29、好准时到达而不要推迟到达，因为在中国守时是礼貌的。postpone doing sth.延缓/推迟做某事postpone sth.until/to . 把某事推迟到对点练习单句语法填空The military training for the freshmen in the new term was postponed until/to the next Sunday because of the bad weather.The headmaster postponed holding (hold) the meeting until all teachers arrived at the m

30、eeting room.5ruin nU毁灭；毁坏；常用复数废墟；遗迹vt.(使)毁灭；成为废墟以文化人In fifteen terrible seconds a large city lay in ruins.在可怕的15秒内，一座大城市变成为一片废墟。(1)lie/be in ruins成为废墟be reduced to ruins 沦为废墟(2)ruin oneself 毁掉自己；自取灭亡ruin ones health/fame/future毁掉某人的健康/声誉/前途对点练习单句语法填空With time going on, the castle which once was very

31、 beautiful is now completely in ruins.Shortly after suffering from a massive earthquake and being_reduced (reduce) to ruins, the city took on a new look.一句多译他犯了个错误，这让他失去了出国的机会。He made a mistake, which_ruined_his_chance_of_going_abroad.(定语从句)He made a mistake, ruining_his_chance_of_going_abroad.(分词作状

32、语)6survive vt.比活得长；幸免于；(经过)活(保存)下来vi.幸免；幸存；生还以文化人After he had survived the earthquake, he was confident that everything else would be all right.他从地震生还后，他自信其他一切都会好的。(1)survive sth.幸免于；从中挺过来/活过来survive on 依靠生存下来survive from 从中存活下来；流传下来A survive B (by .) A比B活得长()(2)survivor n. 幸存者survival n. U幸存；C残存物对点

33、练习单句语法填空How does the family survive on such a small monthly wage?As far as I know, the old lady survived her husband by 5 years.If he couldnt find his way out of the forest, there would be little chance of survival (survive)名师点睛survive表示“幸免于难”时，是及物动词，其后不需要加介词in或from。1be meant to旨在，目的是以文化人Sometimes g

34、iving up a little is meant to get more/means getting more.有时放弃一点儿意味着会获得更多。be meant to do be intended to do旨在做；目的是做be meant for/to be be intended for/to be打算用作/被普遍认为是meann./v.ing/thatclause 意味着mean to do sth. 打算做某事meant to have done sth./had meant to do sth.过去本打算要做某事(实际上并没有做)对点练习单句语法填空Independence do

35、es not mean shutting (shut) the door to the world.It may be mentioned in passing that this material is not meant for publication.Im sorry, Casey; I didnt mean to_hurt (hurt) you by saying so.句型转换I had meant to consult him, but he was on business then.I meant_to_have_consulted him, but he was on busi

36、ness then.2hang on ( hold on)不挂断；(在逆境中)坚持；紧紧握住，保留(to sth.)以文化人It is often the case that anything is possible for those who hang on to hope.(2016江苏高考)通常情况下，对于那些心存希望的人，一切皆有可能。hang on to抓紧；保留；不卖掉；不放弃hang up (on sb.) 挂断(某人的)电话hang out 晾出；闲逛hang about/around 徘徊，闲荡对点练习写出下列句中hang on的含义Its hard work, but if

37、 you hang on, you are sure to succeed in the end. (在逆境中)坚持 There are some people who hang on to their jobs long after they should have retired. 紧紧抓住；保留James will be back at once; hang on. 别挂断选用上述短语填空While I was talking with a friend on the phone, he suddenly hung_up on me.The principal warned the st

38、udents not to hang_around/about the corner ebar after school.It was so windy that I had to hang_on_to my hat all the way along the street.3have a go (at)试一试以文化人Dont be selfcentered and have a go at being considerate. We must learn to handle conflicts calmly and wisely.不要以自我为中心，试着体谅别人。我们必须学会冷静和明智地处理冲

39、突。have a go at (doing) sth.尝试(做)某事have a go at sb. 指责某人；数落某人at/in one go 一下子；一举；一口气be on the go 十分活跃；非常忙碌对点练习完成句子No matter how difficult it is, he is determined to have_a_go_at_the_experiment.不论困难有多大，他都决心去尝试一下这个实验。There were about 10 young people standing round him, all waiting to_have_a_go.大约有十个年轻人

40、把他围起来，个个都跃跃欲试。The boss had_a_go_at Jack for his being late for work.老板因为杰克上班迟到而指责他。4make way for给让路；让位于以文化人If you have only a goal, the whole world will make way for you. 当你只有一个目标时，整个世界都会给你让路。make ones way to向走去give way to 让路；让步；被代替in the way 挡路；挡道；妨碍in a way 在某种意义上in no way 绝不(位于句首，句子要部分倒装)under wa

41、y 在进行；在举行on the way 在路上；将要发生对点练习选用上述短语填空Many houses are being knocked down to make_way_for a new park.No doubt he was just trying to help, but in fact he just got in_the_way.In_no_way can teaching in school be separated from practice.An investigation is under_way to find out how the disaster happene

42、d.5动名词的复合结构以文化人The desert was once a green land with huge trees, but they were cut down and that resulted in the city being buried by sand what a pity!沙漠曾经是一片绿油油的土地，有高大的树木，但是它们被砍伐了，导致城市被沙子掩埋真遗憾！用法规则动名词的复合结构主要有两种情况：(1)名词所有格/名词的普通格doing (如Marys/Mary marrying)(2)形容词性物主代词/人称代词的宾格doing (如his/him coming)注

43、意事项如果动名词的复合结构作主语，其逻辑主语只能用形容词性物主代词或名词所有格。对点练习完成句子I cant imagine Marys/Mary_marrying such a young man.我无法想象玛丽嫁给一个这样的年轻人。What worried the child most was his/him_not_being_allowed to visit his mother in hospital.最让那个孩子担心的是他不被允许去看望生病住院的妈妈。I believe_your_joining_our_team will benefit us a lot.我相信你加入我们的团队会

44、给我们带来很多好处。Haiguo Tuzhis_introducing_modern_technologies and ideas to China opened our eyes to the world.海国图志把现代技术和思想引进中国，使我们看到了世界。6倍数比较级than以文化人Dont be frightened by sharks: you are 30 times more likely to be hit by lightning than be attacked by a shark.不要被鲨鱼吓到：你被闪电击中的概率是被鲨鱼攻击的30倍。用法规则常见表示“倍数”的句型：(1

45、)倍数asmany/muchn.as(2)倍数asadj./adv.as(3)倍数形容词/副词比较级than(4)倍数the size/length/height/depth/widthof(5)倍数what从句注意事项表示“两倍”时用twice或double，三倍或三倍以上用“基数词times”表达。此句型中倍数也可以用分数、百分数，half等其他程度状语。对点练习单句语法填空The new stadium being built for the next Asian Games will be three times as big as the present one.His latest

46、 novel is twice the length of his previous one.Chery, a car maker in Anhui province, sold nearly 700,000 units in 2020, with the total value more than three times what it was in 2015.一句多译(2018全国卷书面表达)我们学校的新体育馆占地面积约600平方米，是原来的三倍大。Our new school stadium covers an area of about 600 square meters, which

47、 is three_times_as_big_as the previous one. Our new school stadium covers an area of about 600 square meters, which is three_times_bigger_than the previous one. Our new school stadium covers an area of about 600 square meters, which is three_times_the_size_of the previous one. “完形”语段练中巩固Recently, th

48、e school carried out an earthquake drill. When the earthquake comes, many people will burst_into_tears (大哭起来). Please remember the following points: do not panic; immediately find a safe exit to escape; in case of a time too late, find a safe place to stay. Forbid (禁止) moving when youre in the middl

49、e of a pile of ruins (废墟). Have_a_go (试着) to save yourself or wait for rescuers to arrive. Once buried (bury) under the building, do not shout loudly, to save energy; be sure to hang_on (坚持住), waiting for rescue. Only in this way can there be a chance of survival (survive)“双语”美文以读促写On the Road (Exce

50、rpt)In the month of July 1947, having saved about fifty dollars from old veteran benefits, I was ready to go to the West Coast. My friend Remi Boncoeur had written me a letter from San Francisco, saying I should come and ship out with him on an aroundtheworld liner. He swore he could get me into the

51、 engine room. I wrote back and said Id be satisfied with any old freighter so long as I could take a few long Pacific trips and come back with enough money to support myself in my aunts house while I finished my book. He said he had a shack in Mill City and I would have all the time in the world to

52、write there while we went through the rigmarole of getting the ship. He was living with a girl called Lee Ann; he said she was a marvelous cook and everything would jump.Remi was an old prepschool friend, a Frenchman brought up in Paris and a really mad guy I didnt know how mad at this time. So he e

53、xpected me to arrive in ten days. My aunt was all in accord with my trip to the West; she said it would do me good; Id been working so hard all winter and staying in too much; she even didnt complain when I told her Id have to hitchhike some. All she wanted was for me to come back in one piece. So,

54、leaving my big halfmanuscript sitting on top of my desk, and folding back my comfortable home sheets for the last time one morning, I left with my canvas bag in which a few fundamental things were packed and took off for the Pacific Ocean with the fifty dollars in my pocket.(To be continued)译文助读在路上(

55、节选)一九四七年七月，我从退伍军人福利金里攒下了五十来块钱，准备去西海岸。我的朋友雷米邦库尔从旧金山给我来信，怂恿我和他搭乘一艘客轮去做环球航行。他承诺有办法把我弄到轮机舱去。我回信说，只要有机会做几次太平洋的长途航行，回来时还有余钱维持我在姨妈家的生活，容我写完那本书，我就满足了。他说他在米尔市有一座木屋，我们办理登船的繁琐手续时，我全部时间都可以待在那里写作。他同一个名叫李安的姑娘同居；她说她做菜的手艺一流，一切都会完美无缺。雷米是我在预备学校念书时就认识的老朋友，在巴黎长大的法国人，是个疯疯癫癫的家伙我不知道这次他会疯癫到什么程度。他希望我十天以内到达。我的姨妈十分支持我去西部旅行；她说

56、整个冬天我工作太辛苦，老是待在室内，出去走走对我有好处；我告诉她，为了节约，有些地方我恐怕要一路步行，一路搭乘免费的便车，她听后也没有异议。她要的只是我能平平安安回来。一天早晨，我把一大堆打字稿放在书桌上，最后一次折好舒适的床单，我提着装有一些基本用品的帆布袋，口袋里揣着五十块钱，向太平洋出发了。(未完待续)二、这样考主题注重“思维品质”和“文化意识”.Reading 精读高考真题，发掘内蕴价值 (2016江苏高考阅读理解C篇)1 El Nin , a Spanish term for “the Christ child，” was named by South American fisher

57、men who noticed that the global weather pattern, which happens every two to seven years, reduced the amount of fishes caught around Christmas. El Nin sees warm water, collected over several years in the western Pacific, flow back eastwards when winds that normally blow westwards weaken, or sometimes

58、 the other way round.2 The weather effects, both good and bad, are felt in many places. Rich countries gain more from powerful , on balance, than they lose. A study found that a strong Nin in 199798 helped Americas economy grow by $15 billion, partly because of better agricultural harvests: farmers

59、in the Midwest gained from extra rain. The total rise in agricultural incomes in rich countries is greater than the fall in poor ones.3 But in Indonesia extremely dry forests are in flames. A multiyear drought (干旱) in southeast Brazil is becoming worse. Though heavy rains brought about by El Nin may

60、 relieve the drought in California, they are likely to cause surface flooding and other disasters.4 The most recent powerful Nin , in 199798, killed around 21,000 people and caused damage worth $36 billionaround the globe. But such Nino come with months of warning, and so much is known about how the

61、y happen that governments can prepare. According to the Overseas Development Institute ( ODI ), however, just 12% of disasterrelief funding in the past two decades has gone on reducing risks in advance, rather than recovery and rebuilding afterwards. This is despite evidence that a dollar spent on r

62、iskreduction saves at least two on reconstruction.5 Simple improvements to infrastructure (基础设施) can reduce the spread of disease. Better sewers (下水道) make it less likely that heavy rain is followed by an outbreak of the disease of bad stomach. Stronger bridges mean villages are less likely to be le

63、ft without food and medicine after floods. According to a paper in 2011 by Mr Hsiang and coauthors, civil conflict is related to El Nin s harmful effects and the poorer the country, the stronger the link. Though the relationship may not be causal, helping divided communities to prepare for disasters

64、 would at least reduce the risk that those disasters are followed by killing and wounding people. Since the poorest are least likely to make up for their losses from disasters linked to El Nin , reducing their losses needs to be the priority.(语篇中红体词汇为主题词汇)61What can we learn about El Nin in Paragrap

65、h 1?AIt is named after a South American fisherman.BIt takes place almost every year all over the world.CIt forces fishermen to stop catching fish around Christmas.DIt sees the changes of water flow direction in the ocean.解析：选D细节理解题。根据第一段中的“El Nin sees warm water, collected over several years in the

66、western Pacific, flow back eastwards when winds that normally blow westwards weaken, or sometimes the other way round.”可知，厄尔尼诺现象发生时会有洋流的变化，故选D项。62What may El Nins bring about to the countries affected?AAgricultural harvests in rich countries fall.BDroughts become more harmful than floods.CRich count

67、ries gains are greater than their losses.DPoor countries suffer less from droughts economically.解析：选C细节理解题。根据第二段第二句“Rich countries gain more from powerful Nins, on balance, than they lose.”可知，富裕国家因厄尔尼诺而得到的东西要比它们失去的多。故选C项。63The data provided by ODI in Paragraph 4 suggest that _.Amore investment shoul

68、d go to risk reductionBgovernments of poor countries need more aidCvictims of El Nin deserve more compensationDrecovery and reconstruction should come first解析：选A推理判断题。根据第四段ODI提供的数据可知，在过去的20年中只有12%的救灾资金投入到提前预防方面，显然投入比例较小；再联系第四段最后一句“.that a dollar spent on riskreduction saves at least two on reconstru

69、ction.”(在预防灾害方面花一美元就能在灾后重建方面至少省两美元)，故选A项。64What is the authors purpose in writing the passage?ATo introduce El Nin and its origin.BTo explain the consequences of El Nin.CTo show ways of fighting against El Nin.DTo urge people to prepare for El Nin.解析：选D主旨大意题。文章从第四段ODI的数据分析和第五段如何防止厄尔尼诺带来次生灾害这两个方面，鼓励人

70、们以正向心态积极应对厄尔尼诺现象，故选D项。C项偏离主题，厄尔尼诺本身是一种自然现象，人们可以研究如何利用它，而不是去违背它。素养透析一、依据语篇隐性考查的“语言能力” 1主题词汇语境中回顾(文中红体词汇多揣摩)2熟词生义语境中辨析(写出红体词汇的语境之义)The total rise in agricultural incomes in rich countries is greater than the fall in poor ones.减产But in Indonesia extremely dry forests are in flames. 发生大火3生僻词汇语境中推断(写出汉语意

71、思并识记积累)Though the relationship may not be causal, helping divided communities to prepare for disasters would at least reduce the risk that those disasters are followed by killing and wounding people. 偶然的Since the poorest are least likely to make up for their losses from disasters linked to El Nin， r

72、educing their losses needs to be the priority. 优先4用构词法解构词汇多领悟(写出词源或意义)This is despite evidence that a dollar spent on riskreduction saves at least two on reconstruction (词源：construct) 重建Better sewers (下水道) make it less likely that heavy rain is followed by an outbreak of the disease of bad stomach.

73、(疾病的)发作5用语法知识破译长难句El Nin， a Spanish term for “the Christ child，” was named by South American fishermen who noticed that the global weather pattern, which happens every two to seven years，reduced the amount of fishes caught around Christmas.分析：El Nin was named by South American fishermen是主句；a Spanish

74、 term for “the Christ child” 作同位语，对El Nin作进一步的解释；在who引导的定语从句中，又包含that引导的宾语从句和which引导的定语从句。译文：厄尔尼诺现象，西班牙语“圣婴现象”的译音，是由很早就注意到全球天气(变化)模式会使临近圣诞节的捕鱼量减少的南美洲渔民命名的，这一现象每二至七年发生一次。El Nin sees warm water, collected over several years in the western Pacific, flow back eastwards when winds that normally blow west

75、wards weaken, or sometimes the other way round.分析：El Nin sees warm water . flow back eastwards是主句，when 引导时间状语从句；collected .作定语修饰 warm water。译文：El Nin理解为温暖水域(数年里在西太平洋汇集)在向西吹的季风正常减弱时向东回流，也可以理解为某时向其他方向回流。6理清文章脉络文意通、解题准二、煅塑新型人才所考查的“思维品质” 文中第64题主要考查考生的概括性思维。根据全文特别是最后一句Since the poorest are least likely t

76、o make up for their losses from disasters linked to El Nin， reducing their losses needs to be the priority.“由于最贫穷的人根本不可能从与厄尔尼诺相关的灾难中弥补他们的损失，因此首要的任务是减少他们的损失”，可知写作目的可概括总结为呼吁人们为厄尔尼诺做准备，故选D。一些考生容易凭惯性思维而往往错选B项，而掉入命题人故意设置的陷阱。考生要在平时学习中注意概括性思维的锻炼。三、贴合主流价值观所考查的“文化意识” 本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍的是厄尔尼诺现象的由来、影响、危害等相关情况，希望人们对

77、厄尔尼诺现象的发生做好充分的准备，以减少损失。文章旨在让学生了解自然灾害，培养学生的防灾意识。同时引导学生认识人与自然是生命共同体；关注人与自然和谐相处，提升绿色环保意识，从自身做起，为共建绿色家园尽自己的一份力量，担自己的一份责任，为保护生态环境作出最大努力。.Looking and Speaking 请用英语写出你“看”到的下面图片的主题概要参考答案When_you_are_alone_at_home,_close_the_doors_and_windows_and_lock_the_door_to_prevent_thieves_from_sneaking_in.When_someone

78、_knocks_at_the_door,_be_sure_to_ask_what_the_reason_is_and_dont_open_the_door_to_strangers_easily.When_the_bad_guys_want_to_break_in,_go_to_the_window,_balcony_and_other_places_to_shout_at_the_neighbors_or_call_the_police.独自在家时，要关好门窗、锁好房门，防止盗贼潜入。当有人敲门时，一定要问清来意，不轻易给陌生人开门。当坏人欲强行闯入，可到窗口、阳台等处高声喊叫邻居或拨打报警

79、电话。.Writing 增分写作，从写作基本功抓起 写作主题假定你是李华，你从电视新闻上得知你美国的朋友汤姆所在的城市发生了地震。请你给汤姆写一封邮件，内容包括：1询问汤姆及其家人是否安好；2得知该地震造成的后果：6人死亡，500多人受伤，29人失踪，200多栋房子坍塌；3愿意尽最大努力提供帮助。注意：1.词数100左右；2可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。4步写作流程第一步：句写对给词写句earthquake, be concerned about, disaster, death, injured, fall down, be like, family members, in need of

80、, try ones best1我得知你所在的城市发生了可怕的地震。I_learned_that_a_terrible_earthquake_happened_in_your_city.2我非常挂念你和你的家人。I_am_really_concerned_about_you_and_your_family.3这场灾难造成6人死亡，500多人受伤。The_disaster_caused_six_deaths_and_left_more_than_five_hundred_persons_injured.429人失踪，200多栋房屋倒塌。29_persons_were_missing_and_ov

81、er_200_houses_fell_down.5请告诉我你现在的生活是什么样的。 Please_tell_me_what_your_life_is_like_now.6我希望你的家人都没有受伤。I_hope_that_none_of_your_family_members_were_injured.7如果你需要任何帮助，请告诉我。If_you_are_in_need_of_any_help,_please_dont_hesitate_to_inform_me.8我会尽我所能帮助你。I_will_try_my_best_to_help_you.第二步：量写够语句扩充9在句1并加入时间状语从句“

82、当我看电视新闻时”。When_I_watched_the_news_on_TV,_I_learned_that_a_terrible_earthquake_happened_in_your_city.10把句3改为定语从句，补加主句“我听到这次灾难感到很难过”。Im_so_sorry_to_hear_about_the_disaster,_which_caused_six_deaths_and_left_more_than_five_hundred_persons_injured.11句8加入介词短语“作为你最好的朋友”。As_your_best_friend,_I_will_try_my_b

83、est_to_help_you.第三步：语写美词句升格1用省略句形式改写句9。When_watching_the_news_on_TV,_I_learned_that_a_terrible_earthquake_happened_in_your_city.2用“do what one can”改写句11。As_your_best_friend,_I_will_do_what_I_can_to_help_you.第四步：篇连顺衔接成文邮件的开头可以用“How are you doing？”表达问候，用whats more作好文章的衔接过渡，邮件的末段可以用“Please dont be worr

84、ied.Everything will be fine.”表达安慰。Dear_Tom，How_are_you_doing?_When_watching_the_news_on_TV,_I_learned_that_a_terrible_earthquake_happened_in_your_city.I_am_really_concerned_about_you_and_your_family.Im_so_sorry_to_hear_about_the_disaster,_which_caused_six_deaths_and_left_more_than_five_hundred_perso

85、ns_injured.Whats_more,_29_persons_were_missing_and_over_200_houses_fell_down.Please_tell_me_what_your_life_is_like_now.I_hope_that_none_of_your_family_members_were_injured.Please_dont_be_worried.Everything_will_be_fine.If_you_are_in_need_of_any_help,_please_dont_hesitate_to_inform_me._As_your_best_friend,_I_will_do_what_I_can_to_help_you.Yours_sincerely，Li_Hua