2022高考英语(北师大版)大一轮复习高考提能练(四)必修2 UNIT 4 CYBERSPACE WORD版含解析.doc
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1、高考提能练(四)必修2Unit 4Cyberspace第一部分阅读理解(共两节,满分40分)第一节(共15小题;每小题2分,满分30分)阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中,选出最佳选项。A(2021河北省高三年级名校联考)The Photographer of the Year contest(比赛),supported by companies in various fields,is based in the UK and attracts worldwide photography lovers.Though the first award was given out i
2、n 1965,the official contest didnt really start until 2015.With wonderful pictures from thousands of photographers,the 2020 contest rewarded its winners in February.Octopus(章鱼)TrainingThis photo was taken by Pasquale Vassallo of Italy and won in the group of “Behavior”Vassallo said when he came up af
3、ter a dive,he noticed a soccer ball floating on the surface.When he checked it out,he witnessed a rare scenean octopus hanging from the ball.He didnt understand what the octopus was doing,but wondered if it was training for the World Cup.Lemon Shark NurseryTaken by Anita Kainrath of the Bahamas,it s
4、hows young sharks swimming around in the protection of a beautiful thick forest.Kainrath said she spent nearly an hour standing in kneehigh water being bitten by mosquitoes to get her picture,which won the UP & Coming Photographer of the Year 2020 Award.Angry SeahorseThough Rooman Luc of Belgium did
5、nt win the “Portrait”category,his photo,titled “Angry Seahorse”,is quite striking.The closeup shot of a seahorse staring into the camera was named the runnerup.Mr.Luc said that after first hearing about the seahorse,he went looking for it every week for two months before finally finding it.Last Dawn
6、,Last GaspVassallo also took the prize in the“Marine Conservation”division with Last Dawn,last Gasp,an appropriately breathtaking shot of a tuna fish trapped in a net,struggling in vain to escape.To take this photo,Vassallo went diving with some local fishermen and followed the path of the fishing n
7、ets from the bottom to the surface.语篇解读:本文是一篇应用文。介绍了2020年摄影大赛的几幅优秀作品。1Which picture of the following was taken by chance?AAngry Seahorse.BLemon Shark Nursery.COctopus Training.DLast Dawn,Last Gasp.C考查细节理解。根据Octopus(章鱼)Training部分中的“Vassallo said when he came up after a dive,he noticed a soccer ball f
8、loating on the surface.When he checked it out,he witnessed a rare scenean octopus hanging from the ball”可知,Vassallo 是无意中拍摄到这张照片的。2What do the pictures all focus on?ACreatures under water.BAnimals in danger.CProtection of the environment.DLoss of biodiversity.A考查细节理解。该题要通读全文才能得出答案。从对四幅获奖作品的描述来看,这些照片的
9、聚焦点都是水下生物章鱼、鲨鱼、海马和金枪鱼。3What can we know about the contest?AIt became wellknown in 2015.BIt is sponsored by photography lovers.CIts prizes are awarded in February each year.DIts photos are judged in categories.D考查推理判断。从四幅获奖作品来看,他们所获奖项的类别不同,比如Octopus Training获得的奖项类别是“Behavior”;Lemon Shark Nursery获得的奖项
10、类别是“the Up & Coming”,Angry Seahorse获得的奖项类别是“Portrait”,Last Dawn,Last Gasp则属于“Marine Conservation”范畴。由此可知,大赛作品评奖是按类别进行的。B(2021山东新高考第一次模拟)Every so often,someone so young does something so amazing that you cant help but wonder how he manages it.Thats what happened the first time we heard Matthew Whitak
11、er play the piano.Matthew is a jazz pianist who is blind,and since the age of 11,hes been performing around the world.Matthew Whitaker was born at the 24th week.He weighed 1 pound and 11 ounces.His parents were told he had a less than 50% chance of survival.One of the many complications(并发症)he faced
12、 was a disease which led to blindness.No one in Matthews family was a musician,but his grandfather bought him his first keyboard when he was three years old.It didnt take long for Matthew to show that he had a gift.So the Whitakers decided to get Matthew a teacher,which proved to be difficult.“At th
13、e time,we got a lot of answers that hes too young and they dont know how to teach a blind child,”Moses Whitaker said.“He was three years old at the time.”Finally,Dalia Sakas agreed to meet Matthew.Dalia is the director of music studies at a music school in New York City,a school for the visually imp
14、aired.To her surprise,Matthew could listen to a piece of music once and then play it.“Because it is rare to meet such a person and I want to make that possible.”She did.Matthew has played in more than 200 clubs and concert halls around the world.His love of music has never been in doubt.Matthews lat
15、est album is called Now Hear This.One critic noted that it sounded like Matthew was playing with six hands.语篇解读:本文是一篇记叙文。Matthew Whitaker因为早产的并发症而失明,但他在钢琴演奏方面却有过人的天赋,经过了曲折的求学过程,Matthew最终取得了非凡的成就。4Which word best describes Matthew as a pianist?AFruitless.BOrdinary.CRemarkable.DAmbitious.C考查推理判断。根据第一段
16、最后一句可知,Matthew作为一名盲人钢琴家从十一岁时便开始了全球巡演,由此可知C选项“非凡的,引人注目的”符合题意。A项意为“徒然的;无成效的”;B项意为“平凡的,普通的”;D项意为“有雄心的,有野心的”。5What was the root cause of Matthews blindness?AHis premature birth.BHis low weight.CHis low chance of survival.DA disease running in his family.A考查细节理解。根据第二段可知,Matthew是一个早产儿,早产带来了很多并发症,其中一种并发症导致
17、他失明,故选A。6What increased the difficulty finding Matthew a music teacher?AHis family background.BHis lack of talent.CHis age and disability.DHis character.C考查细节理解。根据第三段引号内的内容可知,老师们有很多回复说Matthew太小,且他们不知该如何教导一个盲人小孩,故可知C项“他的年龄和残疾”正确。7Why did Dalia accept Matthew as her student?A.Because she sympathized w
18、ith Matthew for his experience.BBecause she was struck by Matthews talent for music.CBecause she gave in to the insistence of Matthews grandfather.DBecause she knew how to teach a blind student.B考查推理判断。根据倒数第二段中的“To her surprise,Matthew could listen to a piece of music once and then play in”和最后一句话可推知
19、,Dalia被Matthew的音乐天赋打动了,决定教他,故选B。C(2021武汉市高中毕业生6月供题)Sometimes when we are in our darkest hour,something completely unexpected happens that can give us a little bit of hope and comfort.Jessica was a healthy woman.One day,she woke up and something was not right.After she was sent to the hospital,her he
20、art rate slowed by nearly 50 percent.It took nine days for doctors to zero in on what was causing her problem.After several weeks,Jessica was able to move her lips.The staff noticed this and introduced Jessica to Consuelo Gonzlez,a professional lip reader.Consuelo can understand what people are sayi
21、ng by the shape their lips make.She can also understand how annoying it is not to be able to communicate because she has been completely deaf since the age of 8.For a few hours each week,Jessica could have long conversations with Consuelo,diving into the ocean of words she dearly missed.Through Cons
22、uelo,Jessica asked the doctors and nurses questions she had long wanted answers to.She also talked to Consuelo about the vivid dreams she was mixing up with reality.In fact,there are other ways for Consuelo to earn a living by reading lips,but she says helping patients separate horrible dreams from
23、reality is the most rewarding way she can use her unique skill.“What is really wonderful is being able to use this skill to create healing and to create communication between human beings.Thats what makes me feel good.Thats whats the best:Love.”After four and a half months in the hospital,Jessica fi
24、nally recovered.Consuelo was there,holding Jessicas hands.Jessica eventually went back to work as a math professor.After her experience she wrote a new living will.One thing she added is that if she ever becomes incapacitated like this again,she is never to be left alone.语篇解读:本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了在Jessica因
25、生病而无法用语言进行交流时,Consuelo Gonzlez用自已的唇读技能帮助她与人交流,且每周都会和她进行长时间的交流直至她痊愈为止。8What did Consuelo do for Jessica?AShe cured Jessicas heart disease.BShe helped Jessica communicate.CShe taught Jessica how to read lips.DShe made Jessicas dream come true.B考查细节理解。根据第四段中的“Through Consuelo,Jessica asked the doctors
26、and nurses questions she had long wanted answers to”可知,Consuelo帮助Jessica与他人进行交流。故选B。9How does Consuelo feel about her job?AHorrible.BConfident.CWorried.DSatisfied.D考查推理判断。根据倒数第二段的内容,尤其是第一句中的“but she says helping patients separate horrible dreams from reality is the most rewarding way she can use her
27、 unique skill”可知,Consuelo认为这是她能运用自己的独特技能的最有意义的方式。由此可以推断出,她对自己的工作是感到满意的。故选D。10Which of the following best explains“incapacitated”underlined in the last paragraph?ASeriously ill.BDesperately lonely.CLess reliable.DMore fortunate.A考查词义猜测。根据上文所述可知,Jessica此次病得非常厉害,以至于无法与人用语言进行交流。又根据该画线词后的“like this again
28、”可以推断出,该画线词的含义与A项的含义相近。11What is the text mainly about?AA close friendship.BA good living will.CAn unusual skill.DA new treatment.C考查主旨大意。文章进述了在Jessica因生病而无法用语言进行交流时,Consuelo用自己的唇读技能帮助她与人交流,且每周都会和她交流很长时间,直至她痊愈为止。Consuelo认为帮助病人把噩梦与现实区分开是她能运用自己的独特技能的最有意义的方式。由此可知,C项的表述符合本文主题。故选C。D(2021武汉市部分学校质量检测)Never
29、 play games with a bot(robot)it will find a way to cheat if it can.A team from OpenAI,an artificial intelligence lab in San Francisco,has developed artificially intelligent bots that taught themselves to cooperate by playing hideandseek.The bots also learned how to use basic tools to help win.Bowen
30、Baker at OpenAI and his colleagues wanted to see if the teambased dynamics of the OpenAI Five could be used to produce skills that could one day be useful to humans.The researchers set their bots loose in a simulated(模拟的) environment filled with fixed walls,movable boxes and ladders,and left them to
31、 play team games of hideandseek.The bots each had their own view of the world and couldnt communicate with each other directly.At first,the hiders simply ran away.But they soon worked out that the quickest way to stop the seekers was to find objects in the environment to hide themselves from view.Th
32、e seekers learned that they could move boxes around and use them to climb over walls.The bots then discovered that being a teamplayerpassing objects to each other or cooperating on a hideoutwas the quickest way to win.But the real surprise came when the bots started making use of problems or faults.
33、Seekers found that if they pushed a ladder towards a wall,they could launch themselves into the air and spot hiders from above.Hiders found that they could get rid of the ladders by pushing them aside.It shows that AI bots are able to find solutions that humans miss,says Baker.“Maybe theyll even be
34、able to solve problems that humans dont yet know how to.”However,it is a large leap(跳跃) from virtual hideandseek to real problemsolving.“The main limitation is that it is in simulation,”says Chelsea Finn at Stanford University.语篇解读:本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了一种通过玩捉迷藏自学合作技能的人工智能机器人,这些机器人还会了使用基本工具来帮助自己获胜。12Why did
35、 Bowen and his colleagues conduct the research?ATo teach bots to play games.BTo train bots to use basic tools.CTo find if bots may cheat like humans.DTo see the potential of bots cooperation.D考查细节理解。根据第二段可知,OpenAI的Bowen Baker和他的同事们想看看OpenAI Five的人工智能机器人的团队互动能否被用来产生将来对人类有用的技能,故D项正确。13Whats the third
36、paragraph mainly about?AThe tools of the research.BThe design of the research.CThe competitors of the game.DThe environment of the game.B考查主旨要义。通读第三段可知,该段主要介绍了研究的设计:研究人员将机器人置于一个充满固定墙壁、可移动的盒子和梯子的模拟环境中,让它们玩团队捉迷藏游戏;且彼此不能直接交流。故B项正确。14What does the underlined word“It”in the last paragraph refer to?A.Pass
37、ing objects.BMoving boxes around.CMaking use of faults.DHiding themselves from view.C考查词义猜测。根据第五段第一句“But the real surprise came when the bots started making use of problems or faults”可知,但真正令人惊讶的是,机器人开始利用问题或失误且第五段给出了相应的例子;结合尾段第一句可以判断,该句主语It指代的是“机器人利用错误”,故C项正确。15What does Chelsea think of the finding
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2019届人教A版数学必修二同步课后篇巩固探究:2-1-1 平面 WORD版含解析.docx
