江苏省南通中学牛津译林版高中英语必修二导学案（无答案）：Unit1 Tales of the unexplained Period Ⅱ Learning notes for Word power .doc

1、Period Learning notes for Word power & Grammar and usage【Learning goals】1.Learning some new expressions.2.Learning grammar现在完成时&现在完成进行时【Learning focus】（Word Power）1. 选词填空： 1. in charge, in charge of , in the charge of(1) The child was left _ my parents. (2) An experienced teacher is _ the program.(3

2、) Ellen was _ complete _ while the manager was on holiday.2. search, search for, in search of(1) The policeman _ the thief, but found nothing.(2) For a whole night they kept on _ the lost necklace.(3) The boy entered the kitchen _ something to eat.3. look at, look up to, look into(1) We all _ scient

3、ists who have made contributions to our military science.(2) The child _ the river with purpose of catching some fish.(3) _ in this way, the present situation seems disappointing.4. due to, because of (1)He failed in the English exam again _ his carelessness.(2)He is _ speak at 10p.m.5. frightened,

4、frightening(1)The people looked _ when they saw the terrible accident.(2)The _ story made the boy tremble all the time. 6. believe, believe in(1)Dont _ him; he is lying.(2)Dont _ him; he is dishonest.(3)Do you _ true love from other people?（Grammar 1）一、现在完成时用来表示之前已发生或完成的动作或状态，但它的影响现在还存在；也可表示持续到现在的动作

5、或状态。其构成： have (has) +过去分词。现以see the film为例将现在完成时的肯定句， 否定句和疑问句列表如下：肯定句：I/You/We/They have seen the film. He/She /It has seen the film.否定句：I/You/We/They have not/ havent seen the film. He/ She/It has not/hasnt seen the film.疑问句：-Have I/you/they seen the film? -Yes, you/ we/I/they have. (No, you/ we/I/

6、they havent.)-Has he/she/it seen the film? -Yes, he/ she/ it has. (No, he/ she/ it hasnt.) 二、用法：现在完成时既涉及过去，又联系现在。用法一：表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。常与just（刚刚），already（已经），never（从来没有），ever（曾经），before（以前），yet（仍然），once（一次），twice（两次），many times（很多次），how many times（多少次），so far（迄今为止），during the past（last）thr

7、ee years（最近三年来）等连用。 副词的位置：just常用于肯定句中，放在have / has后，He has just come .never表示否定, 放在have / has后, He has never visited the Great Wall.ever用于疑问句中,句型为: Have / Has主语ever 过去分词？“曾经过吗？”用于询问某人过去的经历。Have you ever been to the farm？before用于句末，The woman has never heard of that before.yet 用于句末或not 之后.Has the trai

8、n arrived yet? No, not yet.already用于肯定句, have / has 之后或句末.We have already finished it.so far用于句首或句末. So far, we have visited the moon.用法二：表示过去已经开始，一直延续到现在的动作或状态。时间状语有： for表示一段时间的词语I have taught English for 19 years。 since表示过去时间点的词语He has been at this school since 1986. since表示过去的时间状语从句I have lived h

9、ere since I was born. since一段时间ago. I have known him since 20 years ago.三、现在完成时态中可以和表示一段时间状语（for，since，how long, all ones life）连用的动词必须是表示延续的情况或动作的动词，即延续性动词。如：be，have，know，live，work，study，learn，teach，keep，speak，talk，draw，wait，wear，walk，sleep，drive，write，do，clean等。I have been a teacher for nearly 20 y

10、ears. How long has he lived here?四、延续性动词的现在完成时可和包括“现在”在内的（到说话时仍未结束）表示一段时间的状语连用。如this morning，today，this week，these daysHe has been to Beijing three times this year. He has written two letters this morning.（说话时间在上午）He wrote two letters this morning.（说话时间在下午或晚上）五、英语中还有一些动词的意义决定它们所表示的动作不能延续,只是一瞬间就结束的动作

11、,这类动词叫做“非延续性动词”.常见的有：come，go，arrive，reach，see，hear，close，open，leave，begin，start，lose，buy，fall，join，die，get up，become，borrow，lend，find，finish，receive等。这些动词可用于现在完成时，说明某个动作的结果还存在，但不能和表示一段时间的状语（how long，for，since）连用。He has come back.（） He has come back for two hours.（） 但在否定句中，非延续性动词也可用表示一段时间的状语来修饰，如I ha

12、vent heard from my father for a long time. We havent seen him since 2019.六、当终止性动词（非延续性动词）与表示一段时间的状语（how long，since，for， all ones life）相矛盾时改正错句的方法有如下几种:（1）用副词ago把现在完成时的句子改为一般过去时.He has come back for two weeks.（错）改为: _I have lost my bike for ten days. （错）改为: _（2）用“It is / has been时间since一般过去时态”句型来改写。H

13、e has joined the League for 3 years.（错）改为：_I have bought the book for 5 days. （错）改为：_He has died for 20 years. （错）改为：_（3）用“时间has passedsince一般过去时态”句型来改写。He has left home for 20 years. 改为:_.He has lost his pen for 2 days. 改为:_.（4）用系表结构来改写.He has died for 20 years. 改为: _The factory has opened since 20

14、19. 改为: _How long has he left? 改为:_（5）用相应的延续性动词替代非延续性动词。He has bought the book for two weeks. 改为:_常见的相应转换形式如下:borrow / lendkeep, buyhave, finish / endbe over, arrive /come / go / move / reach /get tobe in /at / be here /be there, begin / startbe on , openbe open , closebe closed, diebe dead , leaveb

15、e away（from）,go to schoolbe in school / be a student, get upbe up, fall asleepbe asleep , fall illbe ill, get to knowknow, losebe lost, becomebe, return / come back / get backbe back, joinbe in / be amember, join the armybe in the army /be a soldier, receive / get a letterhave a letter , catch / get

16、 a coldhave a cold, begin to studystudy他参军已有三年.He has joined the army for three years.（错）改为：He has been in the army for three years / since three years ago.He has been a soldier for three years / since three years ago.He joined the army three years ago.It is three years since he joined the army.Thre

17、e years has passed since he joined the army.（1）He came to our village two years ago.=He our village since two years ago.（2）He left home three days ago.=He home for 3 days.（3）I bought the watch 2 weeks ago.=I the watch since 2 weeks ago.（4）It is 5 days since I borrowed the book=I the book for 5 days.

18、（5）The film has begun= The film for half an hour.（6）I got to know him 10 years ago=I him for 10 years.（7）There is a factory=There a factory for 20 years.（8）Our school opened in 1960=Our school since 1960.七、现在完成时中应注意的几个问题1. have been to 和have gone to的区别 have been to 强调“去过”，现已不在那里，如：He has been to the

19、 USA three times.他到美国去过三次。（过去“到美国”，现在已“不在美国”）have gone to主要强调的是“去了”，现在人不在说话的现场，如：Wheres your mother? -你妈妈在哪？She has gone to the hospital. -她去医院了。2. have been to 和have been in的区别 have been to强调人“已回到原地”，后面可接表示“次数”的状语。eg. She has been to Shanghai only once.How many times has he been there? -Hes been th

20、ere many times.have been in表示某人“已在某地停留一段时间，现仍在那里”，其后常带表示一段时间的状语。eg. They have been at the bus stop for half an hour.他们在车站呆了半小时。（现在仍然在车站） We have been in Xian for two weeks. 我们在西安呆了两个多星期。（现仍在西安） How long have they been in China? 他们在中国呆了多长时间了？（仍在中国） 八、如何通过与一般过去时做比较, 进一步掌握现在完成时?一般过去时和现在完成时的动作都发生在过去,但意义

21、却不同.（1）一般过去时只表示过去的动作或状态,和现在不发生关系。 现在完成时表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响,强调的是现在。如:I learned ten English songs（说明过去学过,现在是否记得,不是本句的内容）I have learnt ten English songs.（learn发生在过去,但强调我现在懂英语歌曲）I cleaned the blackboard half an hour ago.（只说明“擦”和其发生的时间）I have cleaned the blackboard.（说明现在黑板是干净的）The teacher has written som

22、e new words on the blackboard（黑板上现在有单词）The teacher wrote some new words on the blackboard（黑板上现在没有单词）（2）一般过去时可以和表示过去的时间状语连用,如:yesterday, last year, three days ago, just now等。现在完成时不能和表示过去的时间状语连用,其时间状语可以是since,for , just, ever, never, before, already, yet , so far, all ones life等【Feedback】I完成下列句子：1. 我做

23、完作业后就去上床睡觉。Ill go to bed when _ _ _ _. 2. 自上周以来我一直未见过她。I havent seen her _ _ _. 3.自我上次见到你之后你到哪里去了? Where have you_ since _ _ _ _ _?4. 他离开南京已10年了。_ _ ten years since_ _ _.5.别忘了，这是我第一次在公共场合发言。Dont forget. It is the first time that _ _ _ _ _.6. Where are the children?The children_ _ _ _ in the park. 孩子

24、们到公园玩耍去了。7. 到现在为止，我已经掌握了大约3000个英语单词了。 _ _, I _ _ about 3000 English words.8. 我们已经在新学校学习了8个月了。 在此之前我在一中学习了三年。 We _ _ in this new school _ _ _. Before it, I _ _ No.1 Middle School _ 3 years.9. 这是我曾读过的最好的一本书了。我已经读过5遍了。 This is the best book that _ _ _ _. I _ _ it _ _ _. 10. The fact that _ _ _ _ _ _（他失

25、败了数次）makes him very upset.II. 单项选择： 1. Mother _me a new coat yesterday. I _ it on. It fits me well.A. had madehave tried B. madehave tried C. has madetried D. madetried2. “He _to draw horses already”. “When _ he ?” “ Last year “ A. learnedhas B. learneddid C. has learnedhas D. has learneddid3. Tom _

26、up into the tree. Look, he _ high up there !A. has gotis B. has climbedwas C. got was D. climbedis4._ you _ the text yet ? Yes, we _ it two hours ago.A. Didcopydid B. Havecopiedhave C. Havecopieddid D. Did copyhad5. You _ me waiting for two hours. I _ for you since five.A. keptwaited B. have keptwai

27、ted C. kepthave waited D. have kepthave waited6. Where _ John _ ? To the library. He _ there for an hour.A. hasbeenhas gone B. hasgonehas been C. didgowent D. didbewent7._ the baby still _ ? No, it _ crying.A. Hascriedhas stopped B. Iscryingstopped C. Did crystopped D. Iscryinghas stopped8. I _ the

28、way. I _ here for quite many years.A. knewhave lived B knewlive C. knowhave lived D. knowlive9. Years ago we_ this, but recent science _ that people who dont sleep well soon get ill.A. didnt know showed B. didnt know has shownC. knew will show D. knew is showing10He was hoping to go abroad but his p

29、arents _ that they wont support him unless he can borrow money from the bank.Awere deciding Bhave decided Cdecided Dwill decide11. _ leave at the end of this month. I dont think you should do that until _ another job. A. Im going to; youd found B. Im going to; youve found C. Ill; youll find D. Ill;

30、youd find12.Are you still busy? Yes, I _ my work, and it wont take long.Ajust finish Bam just finishing Chave just finished Dam just going to finis（Grammar 2）现在完成时与现在完成时的区别【Feedback】I 完成下列句子：1. 自上周星期日以来就一直在下雨。It _ _ _ since last Sunday.2. 她很累了，她整天都在打信件。She is very tired. She _ _ _ _all day. 3. 你知道从什

31、么时候我就在等你了吗？ _ _ do you know I _ _ _ _ you?4. 他丢了工作，所以他一直在考虑快点找到个新的工作。He lost his job. So he _ _ _ _ a new one quickly.5. Hi, Joan, I havent seen you for weeks. What _ _ _ _ recently?（最近在做什么？） _ _ _ _ on wildlife.（进行一些有关野生动物的研究）6. 这篇文章我已经写了两小时了， 但还没写完。 I _ _ _ _ _ for 2 hours, but I _ _ _ II 单项选择：1.

32、I havent seen Mary these past few days. Im afraid she _ herself for some time. A. hasnt been feeling B. hadnt been feeling C. isnt feeling D. wasnt feeling2. You _ things about. Look, what a mess in your room. A. always throw B. have always thrown C. are always throwing D. have always being throwing

33、3. The former president was caught at last. Really? Where _ himself? A. had he hidden B. has he hidden C. was he hidden D. has he been hiding4. The possibility of a flood was just over the radio. I know. I heard about it. The river _ the top of its bank. A. has reached B. reaching C. had been reache

34、d D. had reached 5. Hi, I havent seen you since 3 years ago. What _ recently? Preparing for my new book. A. have you done B. have you been doing C. were you doing D. did you do 6. How are you today? Oh, I _ as ill as I do now for a very long life . A. didnt feel B. wasnt feeling C. dont feel D. have

35、nt felt 7. The surface of the table _ smooth enough. A. isnt felt B. isnt feeling C. doesnt feel D. hasnt felt 8. Do you know our town? No, this is the first time I _ here. A. was B. have been C. came D. am coming 9. Has Tom finished his composition yet? I have no idea; he _ it this morning. A. wrot

36、e B. had written C. has written D. was writing 10. Now that you _ from abroad, what are you going to do? A. have returned B. are returning C. return D. returned 11. Im sure Andrew will win the first prize in the final. I think so. He _ for it for months. A. is preparing B. was preparing C. had been

37、preparing D. has been preparing 12. By the time he realizes he _ into a trap, itll be too late for him to do anything about it. A. walks B. walked C. has walked D. had walked 13. So far this year we _ a fall in house prices by between 5 and 10 percent. A. saw B. see C. had seen D. have seen 14. Cathy is taking notes of the grammatical rules in class at Sunshine School, where she _English for a year. A. studies B. studied C. is studying D. has been studying 15. Danny _ hard for long to realize his dream and now he is popular. A. works B. is working C. has worked D. had worked