江苏省南通中学牛津译林版高中英语必修五导学案（无答案）：Unit3 Science and nature Period Ⅱ Learning notes for Word power .doc

1、Period Learning notes for Word power & Grammar and usage【Learning goals】1.Learning a new sentence pattern: morethan2.Learning grammar: Verb-ed form Verb-ed phrases Verb-ing and verb-ed used as adjectives【Language focus】句型 【教材原句】The boy was more frightened than hurt. (P50)【句法分析】句中的more . than .结构意为“与

2、其说倒不如说”，此结构强调more后面的内容，表示同一个人或事物的两种特征对比，more和than后接不定式、形容词、副词的原级、名词或介词短语等两个并列成分。【即时巩固】翻译句子（1）Dont be too hard on him. Hes more cheated than stupid._（2）This story is no more interesting than that one. Neither this story nor that one is interesting. _（3）This story is not more interesting than that one

3、. This story is not so/as interesting as that one. _（4）Once is more than enough. How can you do it again? _【自主归纳】译出下列短语no more than_no more . than . _not more than _not more . than . _more than _Grammar and usage: Verb-ed form Verb-ed phrases Verb-ing and verb-ed used as adjectives一、过去分词的句法功能：过去分词具有

4、形容词和副词的特征，在句中可作定语、表语、补足语、状语等。（一）作定语 作定语的过去分词相当于形容词，其逻辑主语就是它所修饰的名词。Vt的过去分词作定语，表被动或既表被动又表完成；Vi的过去分词作定语，只表完成。1. 单个的过去分词作定语常放在被修饰词的前面，过去分词短语则放在被修饰词的后面。被污染的水 polluted water 一个被打破的玻璃杯 a broken glass 一名训练有素的护士 a trained nurse 升起了的太阳 the risen sun 落叶fallen leaves 旧书 used books【注意】(1) 有些单个的过去分词，如left（剩余的）、co

5、ncerned（有关的）等，习惯上用作后置定语。(2) 过去分词修饰something, anything, everything, nothing, anybody, somebody, nobody, everybody等不定代词或指示代词those时,要放在这些词的后面。2. 过去分词作定语时相当于一个定语从句，但它比定语从句更简洁，其“被动”与“完成”的含义可以通过从句表现出来。The retired scientist is famous for his invention.= The scientist who has retired is famous for his inven

6、tion.They held a meeting, attended by over five hundred people.= They held a meeting, which was attended by over five hundred people.【注意】现在分词与过去分词都可作定语，但现在分词表达的是正在进行的事情，有主动意义；而过去分词表示的是已完成的事情，有被动意义。The man writing the letter is my friend. = The man who is writing the letter is my friend.The broken gl

7、ass scattered on the ground. = The glass that was broken scattered on the ground.（二）作表语过去分词作表语时，表示主语的状态，且该状态通常是由外界因素引起的，这时过去分词可以被看作一个形容词化的过去分词。All of us were moved to tears at the sorrowful story. 听了那个悲伤的故事，我们感动得流下泪来。The shops have remained shut for a week. 这些商店关门一周了。【注意】过去分词作表语时，形式上和动词的被动语态结构相似,但两者

8、表达的意义不同。由过去分词作表语构成的系表结构强调主语的特点或所处的状态，构成被动语态的过去分词，则强调动作。The book is well written. (系表结构，表示主语的特点)The book was written by LuXun. (被动结构，表示动作)（三）作补足语 作宾补的过去分词一般都来自Vt ，和宾语有逻辑上的动宾关系。可以带过去分词作宾补的动词常见的有see, hear, watch, feel, find, notice, observe, think等表示感觉和心理状态的动词和have, make, get等使役动词，以及with的复合结构。The boy f

9、ound himself lost in the forest. 那个男孩发现自己在森林里迷路了。When you are making a speech, you should speak louder to make yourself heard. 在作报告时，你应该大点声使自己被人听清。He sat there, with his hands tied behind. 他作在那里，手被捆在后面。I found him surrounded by a group of children. 我发现他被一群孩子包围着。【注意】由主动语态变为被动语态后，原来的宾语补足语成为主语补足语。He wa

10、s found surrounded by a group of children.(四)作状语 过去分词作状语时，与句子的主语构成被动关系，可以表示时间，原因，条件，结果，让步，行为方式或伴随情况等。1. 表时间，相当于一个时间状语从句。如果分词表示的动作与谓语动作同时发生，可以在分词前用when, while等使其时间意义更明确。When ( he was ) asked the question, he answered he wanted to do it. 当问到那个问题时,他回答他愿意去做。2. 表原因，相当于一个原因状语从句。Written ( = As it was writt

11、en ) in a hurry, her letter is very hard to read. 因为写得快，她的信很难阅读。Being poor, he cant go to school. 因为穷,他无法上学。3. 表条件，相当于一个条件状语从句。Heated (= If iron is heated ), iron expands. 铁受热会膨胀。Once recovered, he will go all out to do his work. 一旦康复，他准备出去工作。4. 表结果I finally reached the finishing line bitterly exhau

12、sted. 我终于跑到了终点,疲惫不堪。5. 表让步，相当于一个though/although引导的让步状语从句。Tired (Although they were tired ) by the running, they went on running after the robber.尽管已经跑得筋疲力尽,他们还是继续追赶着那个强盗。6. 表方式或伴随She walked out of the house, followed by her little daughter.她走出了屋子，后面跟着她的小女儿。He continued to walk up and down, lost in t

13、hought. 他不停地来回走动，陷入沉思。【注意】(1) 有些过去分词因来源于系表结构,作状语时不表被动而表状态。这样的过去分词短语及短语有：lost, seated, hidden, lost/absorbed in, born, dressed in, tired of, etc.Born in this beautiful town, he hates to leave it. 出生于这个美丽的小镇, 他不愿意离开它。(2) 分词的逻辑主语不是句子的主语，则不用分词，应用完整的状语从句，或把分词的逻辑主语直接放在分词的前面，即独立主格结构。这种结构在句中多作伴随状语，亦可用来表示时间、

14、原因、条件等。Everything considered, we set off for the tourist destination. Weather permitting, we will go out. The teacher having finished the lesson, the students left the classroom.There being no enough money, he couldnt buy the dictionary that he wanted. (3) done作状语表示动作和其逻辑主语之间存在被动关系且和谓语动词的动作几乎同时发生，或不

15、强调发生的时间；having been done 作状语强调被动及动作在主句谓语动词的动作之前发生。Led by the Chinese Communist Party, we live a happy life. Having been shown around the lab, the students visited the meeting room. = After they had been shown around the lab, 二、过去分词和现在分词用作形容词英语中有很多与感觉有关的Vt, 其现在分词表示主动意义，强调事物的内在特有性质与特点，即“令人有某种感觉”，主语通常是

16、物；而过去分词则表示被修饰的词“自身感到”，主语一般是人。如:exciting- excited astonishing- astonished delighting- delighted disappointing- disappointedencouraging- encouraged frightening- frightened interesting- interested moving- movedpleasing- pleased shocking- shocked tiring- tired worrying- worried satisfying-satisfied【注意】修

17、饰人的声音、表情等，常用过去分词，如ones surprised look (某人吃惊的表情), ones excited voice(某人兴奋的声音)，但有时也可用现在分词来修饰人的声音、表情等。比较：看到蛇，女孩尖叫起来。 The girl let out a frightened cry at the sight of the snake.(The girl felt frightened.)他那令人恐怖的吼声把女孩们吓跑了。His frightening shout scared the girls.(The shout was frightening and the girls fe

18、lt frightened .)类似的： an exciting voice 令人兴奋的声音 an excited voice 自己感到兴奋的声音 a puzzling look 令人迷惑不解的表情 a puzzled look 自己感到困惑的表情【Feedback】1. What did the librarian _ out of the library?A. permit to take B. forbid to be taken C. allow to take D. insist being taken2. - Mum, why do you give me so much popc

19、orn?- _ the boring time.A. Kill B. Killing C. To kill D. Having killed3. What Yang Liwei wanted to do when he got out of the spaceship was _ the joy with all the Chinese.A. share B. shared C. having shared D. about to share4. When she was alone at home, Mary needed a friend _.A. playing with B. havi

20、ng played with C. to play with D. with whom to play5. _ the big snake, the little girl stood under the tree _ out of life.A. Seeing; frightened B. Seeing; frighteningC. Seen; frightened D. To see; frightening6. Could you give me a hand _ from a car, please?A. to carry the shopping B. for carrying th

21、e shoppingC. and carrying shopping D. carrying the shopping7. Every minute must be made full use of _ our lessons, for the college entrance examination is coming.A. going over B. to go over C. go over D. our going over8. Who did the teacher have _ an article for the wall newspaper just now?A. writte

22、n B. writing C. write D. to write9. She is looking forward as much to his return as he himself to _ her.A. have seen B. seeing C. see D. be seen10. There are ten waiting rooms at the newly-built station, _ 20,000 people in all.A. seating B. seated C. sitting D. to seating11. “If ,” he added, “ _ eno

23、ugh time, I would certainly have done it better.”A. to give B. I was given C. given D. to be given12. - Cant you take a few days off from work to go with me to New York?- Sure. _ my way and I will be glad to.A. Pay B. If you pay C. To pay D. Paying13. _ the answer, Tom, who asked the question, still

24、 stood with his hand _.A. Giving; raised B. Given; raised C. Given; risen D. Giving; rising14. - Shall we go swimming?- Ok, Ill just go and get _.A. to change B. myself changed C. changed D. to be changed15. - Would you do me a favor?- I regret _ I am busy right now.A. to say B. saying C. having sai

25、d D. to have said16. I have no one _ me, for I am a new comer here.A. help B. helping C. to help D. to have helped17. The building _ in our school is for us teachers. Though theres noise most of the day, we still feel happy about it.A. built B. having been built C. to be built D. being built18. Ther

26、es _ what the weather will be like tomorrow.A. no knowing B. not known C. not knowing D. no known19. - You _ part in the party on time.- Sorry, I was delayed by the accident.A. are to take B. were supposed to takeC. were to have taken D. supposed to take?20. _ with the size of the whole earth, the h

27、ighest mountain doesnt seem high at all.A. When compared B. To compare C. While comparing D. It compared21. _ in her best suit, the girl tried to make herself _ at the party.A. Dressed; noticed B. Dressing; noticingC. Dressed; noticing D. Dressing; noticing22. The matter _ your study surely requires

28、 _ carefully.A. relating to; dealing with B. related to; dealt withC. related to; being dealt with D. relating to; having dealt with23. Everything _ into consideration, they believed themselves more and returned to their positions.A. to take B. taken C. to be taken D. taking24. - What do you think o

29、f the plan?- Its easier said than _.A. carried out B. carrying out C. carry out D. to carry out25. Many businessmen attended the Boao Forum (博鳌论坛 ) because they knew what _ from the forum.A. to get B. to be got C. got D. getting26. There was a famous person at the party whom everyone would like _to

30、themselves.A. to introduce B. to be introduced C. introducing D. being introduced27. - Were you at home last Sunday?- Yeah! I devoted the whole day to _ the English grammar.A. review B. reviewing C. be reviewed D. being reviewed28. Prices of daily goods _ through a computer can be lower than store p

31、rices.A. are bought B. bought C. been bought D. buying29. _, John returned to school from his hometown.A. The summer vocation being over B. The summer vocation is overC. Because the summer vocation over D. After the summer vocation being over30. _ she cant come, who will do the work?A. Supposed B. S

32、upposing C. Having supposed D. Being supposed31. - Is there anything you want from town?- No, thank you. But I would like to get _.A. those letters mailed B. mailed lettersC. to mail those letters D. those letters mail32. After the guests left, she spent as much time as she could _ the rooms.A. tidy

33、 up B. to clear away C. clear away D. tidying up33. _ it or not, this dictionary has shocked everyone in scientific circles.A. Believe B. To believe C. Believing D. Believed34. To tell you the truth, Id rather read than watch TV; the programs seem _ all the time.A. to get worse B. to be getting wors

34、eC. to have got worse D. getting worse35. After the Arab states won independence, great emphasis was laid on education, with girls as well as boys _ to go to school.A. to be encouraged B. encouraging C. encouraged D. be encouraged36. Everyone had an application form in his hand, but no one knew whic

35、h office _.A. to send it to B. to send it C. to be sent to D. to have it sent37. The foreign tourists have visited many scenic spots in Shanghai, _ as interpreter.A. the guide acts B. the guide acting C. acting D. acted38. Linda is thought to _ in Africa, but I really dont know what country she work

36、ed in.A. have worked B. work C. be working D. be worked39. _ time and labor, cartoonists generally draw the hands of their characters with only 3 fingers and a thumb.A. To save B. Saved C. Saving D. Having saved40. _ money if you can and many poor children in the poor mountainous areas will be able

37、to go back to school.A. Having given B. Given C. To give D. Give41. Whatever trouble Mr. White had _ with the case, he would stick to his own opinion.A. deal B. to deal C. dealt D. dealing42. _ the distance was too long and the time was too short, we decided not to drive to Florida.A. Discovering B.

38、 To discover C. To have discovered D. Discovered43. What surprised me most was that there appeared a _ look on her face on hearing the unexpected news.A. worrying B. worried C. worry D. worries44. If you go to the West Lake in Hangzhou, you will find it more attractive than commonly _.A. supposing B

39、. to suppose C. supposed D. being supposed45. - Havent you seen the sign, _ “ NO PHOTOS”?- Im really sorry I didnt.A. reads B. to read C. read D. reading46. _ nice and delicious, the fried chicken was soon sold out.A. Tasted B. Being tasted C. Tasting D. To taste47. -The plan is heard _ so well that

40、 we dont have to make any changes.-It is indeed.A. to design B. designing C. designed D. design48. The woman found it no good _ her daughter too much money.A. giving B. being given C. given D. gave49. Her dress has become loose. She appears _ weight.A. to lose B. being lost C. losing D. to have lost

41、50. I find these problems are easy _.A. to be worked out B. to work them out C. to work out D. to be worked them out 51. The purpose of new drugs used on patients is to make them less painful, _ them more terrible.A. not make B. not to make C. not making D. do not make 52. -I would like to buy an ex

42、pensive camera.-Well. We have several models _.A. to choose from B. chosen C. to be chosen D. for choosing53. Tigers _ meat-eating animals _ meat.A. belonged to; fed on B. belonging to; feed on C. were belonged to; feed on D. belonging to; feeding on 54. -Is it _ the bad smell that is difficult?-Of course.A. how getting rid of B. got rid ofC. to get rid of D. being got rid of55. Never _ off your coat; its rather cold outside.A. take B. taking C. to take D. taken