2023届高考外研版英语一轮复习试题（适用于新高考新教材） 必修第一册　UNIT 1　阅读题组——练速度 WORD版含解析.doc

1、必修第一册Unit 1阅读题组练速度(35 mins).阅读AOn Aug.13,four Chinese irrigation(灌溉) sites won global recognition and were added to the 2018 list of Heritage Irrigation Structures.Lets look at these amazing sites.DujiangyanDujiangyan is the oldest and only surviving dam-less irrigation system in the world.More than

2、 2,000 years ago,Chengdu was threatened by frequent flooding from the Minjiang River.Li Bing,a local official,studied the situation and designed the Dujiangyan irrigation system,which could control the water flow from the mountains to the Chengdu Plain throughout the year.The Dujiangyan irrigation s

3、ystem has created harmony between man,earth and water.It is the last remaining ecological project of its kind.Changqu CanalChangqu Canal is in the city of Xiangyang in Hubei Province.It is 48 km long and was originally used to transport soldiers.It was later used for irrigationin fact,it is still us

4、ed to provide water to more than 20 square km of farmland.“The recognition of irrigation heritage is intended to help us better use ancient irrigation projects that are still functioning and preserve our precious historical and cultural heritage,” says a notice on the official website of the Hubei p

5、rovincial government.Lingqu CanalLingqu Canal is located in Xingan county,near Guilin,Guangxi Province.As the oldest canal in the world,it has been described as “another wonder of the world”.The design of the canal is unique.“It magically shows the ease of transportation along the north and south wa

6、terways,” according to the Travel China Guide.Jiang-Xi DamThe Jiang-Xi Dam in Zhejiang Province actually consists of two damsthe Jiang and Xi dams.Built in the 14th century,it improved the life for local people for centuries.“It not only plays an important role in irrigation,but also responds to env

7、ironmental governance,” said Ding Kunlun,vice chairman of International Commission on Irrigation and Drainage.1.What do we know about Dujiangyan?A.It has no dam and has existed for over 2,000 years.B.Li Bing was tasked to design it as a local official.C.It could control the Minjiang River most of th

8、e time in a year.D.After it was built Chengdu was never threatened by floods.2.What was the use of Changqu Canal at first?A.Military purpose.B.Water supply.C.Farmland irrigation.D.The ease of transportation.3.Which of the following has an influence on the ecological environment according to the pass

9、age?A.Dujiangyan and Changqu Canal.B.Dujiangyan and Jiang-Xi Dam.C.Changqu Canal and Jiang-Xi Dam.D.Dujiangyan and Lingqu Canal.BParker Stewart,a 16-year-old student from Sayre School in America,decided last year that he wanted to study the environment by himself to have a broad influence on the com

10、munity.In order to reduce the carbon footprint,Stewart planned to produce enough solar energy to power the schools science labs.Now his plan is set to happen.To fix 30 solar panels (太阳能电池板) is scheduled for late November.As he began his research on solar energy,he discovered a useful phone app.By en

11、tering an address,he could find out how much sunlight the location receives each day.Based on how much sunlight it receives,he found that his school building was the best location.At the suggestion of his science teacher,Debbie Wheeler,he first performed an energy calculation of the science lab to s

12、ee how much energy a typical lab uses per day.Then,he started his research,contacting a local company of solar panels,Synergy Home,to do the job.He lacked money for starting the project,so he convinced Sayres head to support him after explaining the benefits of solar power for the school and communi

13、ty.Since Sayre provided the initial seed money to provide infrastructure (基础设施) and the purchase of one panel,the project has grown to include a total of 30 panels.They are expected to produce enough energy to run all the science labs on campus.“It feels like a dream to think that an idea I had from

14、 my AP Environmental class would have this kind of influence,” said Stewart,expressing gratitude for Wheelers help.Wheeler said the success of the project was due to Stewarts efforts and willingness to follow through on the project from start to finish.“Ive had other students talk about environmenta

15、l initiatives (倡议) on campus,but Stewart had the persistence and courage to make it happen,” she said.Stewart said that he would eventually like to study environmental engineering at Stanford University in California.4.What did Stewart do with the help of the phone app?A.He began his research on sol

16、ar energy.B.He found a perfect site for his project.C.He did an energy calculation of the science lab.D.He identified the specific address of his school.5.How did Stewart get the seed money for his project?A.By getting support from his school.B.By asking for help from his science teacher.C.By convin

17、cing Synergy Home to provide free panels.D.By collecting money from his school and community.6.Which word can best describe Stewart?A.Faithful.B.Flexible.C.Determined.D.Addicted.7.What is the passage mainly about?A.Students search for solar energy.B.A teacher helps a student do a project.C.A student

18、 plays a part in cutting carbon footprints.D.Students talk about the environmental protection.CWearing a caveman mask,Dr.John Marzluff walks across the campus at the University of Washington in Seattle.Crows(乌鸦)circle and squawk(尖叫),diving at him and going away.Beneath the mask,he smiles.Days before

19、 he and his students,wearing caveman masks,rapped them and placed colored plastic bands on their legs.Then they released the unhappy birds.When the researchers wandered around campus without the masks,the crows they had caught and banded did not react to them.But when the same humans walked by while

20、 wearing the masks,the crows scolded loudly and dived at their “enemies”.At first,only the banded birds reacted aggressively to the people in masks.But in later tests more and more crows joined in,and even when the banded birds were not around.“Crows think and dream,fight and play,reason and take ri

21、sks,” he says.“Their antics confuse us.”This led him to study how crows brains work.He and his students wore one type of mask as they captured crows and brought them into the lab,training them to link that face with danger.Then a different kind of mask for more positive activities,such as feeding an

22、d caring.Then he worked with scientists at the university who scan animal brains to see which parts of a crows brain do certain tasks.Surprisingly,the scientists found that when the crow saw the “danger” mask,one part of its brain became active.When the crow saw the “feeding and caring” mask,a diffe

23、rent part of its brain lit up.The team has shown that crows use the same parts of their brains for recognizing what humans dosomething that was not known before!More than 10 years after the first mask experiment,campus crows still scold the “cavemen”.Crows also recognize people who are kind to them.

24、Crows are always watching us and they remember.8.Why does Dr.John Marzluff smile?A.He intends to show his kindness.B.He realizes his trick has worked.C.He is amused by the happy crows.D.He is embarrassed at the crows response.9.What does the underlined word “antics” in the third paragraph probably r

25、efer to?A.Ways of behaving.B.Hunting types.C.Flying models.D.Chances of survival.10.Which of the following words can best describe the crows according to the text?A.Sociable,intelligent and observant.B.Noisy,dangerous and annoying.C.Reasonable,cautious and aggressive.D.Strong-headed,proud and popula

26、r.11.What can we conclude about crows from the fourth paragraph?A.They share the same wisdom as humans do.B.They never forgive those who once hurt them.C.They only recognize the people who are bad to them.D.They perform tasks with different parts of their brains.DPlastic baby bottles released microp

27、lastics when heated.Should you be worried about its side-effects?We still dont have enough evidence of health risks posed by microplastic consumptions by infants or adults.“The last thing we want to do is unduly alarming parents,”said John Boland,a professor at Trinity College Dublin in Ireland and

28、one of the authors of the Nature Food study.While the health effects of microplastics are still unknown,parents can significantly reduce their infants exposure by adding some steps to their bottle preparation routine,Boland said.He recommended letting plastic bottles cool completely after sterilizat

29、ion (消毒) in hot water,then washing them out at least three times with water thats been allowed to cool to room temperature after being sterilized by boiling.Researchers here also found that plastic teakettles,plastic instant noodle cups and plastic food storage containers all released similarly high

30、 levels of microplastics when subjected to heat.As for what those microplastics may be doing in our bodies,the evidence so far is quite limited and unclear.Schwabl,another professor,pointed to a need for more research into microplastics released from plastic food storage containers,especially when t

31、hey are subjected to higher temperatures.He noted some research has found microplastics can cause inflammation (发炎) in the organs,while other studies show they do not harm.“The threshold at which they cause problems has not been determined for humans,”Schwabl said.For now,Schwabl agrees we shouldnt

32、panic.Hes avoiding plastic containers in his daily life“not so much that I am afraid of the ingestion,but I think thereby I may be contributing to reducing the amount of plastic waste”that makes its way into the environment.At the moment,there is no need to be afraid,but it is an open question and d

33、efinitely an unmet need.12.Which factor counts in the release of microplastics?A.Temperature.B.Products.C.Time.D.Containers.13.Which of the following words can replace the underlined part in Paragraph 2?A.Properly.B.Extremely.C.Obviously.D.Specially.14.Whats Schwabls attitude towards microplastics?A

34、.Panic.B.Concerned.C.Indifferent.D.Critical.15.How is the passage developed?A.By providing the examples.B.By reasoning the readers.C.By analyzing the figures.D.By comparing the findings.七选五Its important to develop strong study skills in high school so that you can be prepared for any continuing educ

35、ation or training after you graduate.1 By repeating them,you will create a new study habit and that will result in improved learning and grades.2 Update it as the term goes on.Make sure you have all the materials with you that you might need.Develop a calm attitude.3 Nobody learns anything straight

36、away.Set up small rewards for reaching goals.Remember that it takes time to develop a new habit,so set small achievable study goals and reward yourself for reaching them.4Review the information youve learned.By creating repetition,you strengthen the memory of what youre studying.Take frequent breaks

37、 during your study time.Short bursts of studying are proven to be more effective than hours of cramming.Get up and stretch,clear your mind and relax your muscles before returning to the books.Use thinking skills effectively.5 If youre not a good thinker,start now by developing habits that make you a

38、sk yourself questions as you read.Talk to other students who you feel are good thinkers.Ask them what it is that they do when they think critically or creatively.Oftentimes,you can pick up valuable insights to help you become a better thinker.A.Be calm and patient with yourself.B.For that repeat the

39、 following study habits daily.C.Obviously,a good habit benefits you all life long.D.This helps keep you motivated and feeling positive.E.At the beginning of a term,prepare a Term Calendar.F.Good thinkers see only dead ends where others see possibilities.G.Good thinkers see possibilities where others

40、 see only dead ends.答案：.【语篇导读】本文是说明文。文章介绍了中国古代的四个灌溉工程获得了世界的认可,并入选2018年世界灌溉工程遗产名录。这四个水利工程分别是四川成都的都江堰、湖北襄阳的长渠(白起渠)、广西桂林兴安县的灵渠、浙江龙游的姜席堰。1.A解析 细节理解题。 根据Dujiangyan部分“Dujiangyan is the oldest and only surviving dam-less irrigation system in the world.More than 2,000 years ago,Chengdu was threatened by fre

41、quent flooding from the Minjiang River.Li Bing,a local official,studied the situation and designed the Dujiangyan irrigation system”中的“dam-less irrigation system”和“More than 2,000 years ago”可知,都江堰没有水坝,已经存在了2 000多年。2.A解析 细节理解题。根据Changqu Canal部分“It is 48 km long and was originally used to transport so

42、ldiers.”可知,Changqu Canal最初是用来运送士兵的,因此是用于军事目的。3.B解析 细节理解题。根据Dujiangyan部分“The Dujiangyan irrigation system has created harmony between man,earth and water.It is the last remaining ecological project of its kind.”和Jiang-Xi Dam部分“It not only plays an important role in irrigation,but also responds to env

43、ironmental governance” 可知,Dujiangyan和Jiang-Xi Dam两个水利工程对生态环境的和谐发展有影响。【语篇导读】本文是新闻报道。美国Sayre学校16岁的学生Parker Stewart为了减少碳足迹,在学校的资助下联系太阳能电池板公司Synergy Home安装太阳能电池板,给学校的科学实验室供电。4.B解析 细节理解题。根据第三段第二、三句可知,通过该手机应用程序,他可以知道某个地方每天接收多少阳光;根据接收到的日照量,他发现他的学校大楼是接收太阳能的最佳位置。据此可知,通过手机应用程序,他为太阳能项目找到了完美的场地。5.A解析 细节理解题。根据第四

44、段第一句中的“Since Sayre provided the initial seed money to provide infrastructure(基础设施)and the purchase of one panel”可知,Stewart的学校为该项目提供了启动资金。6.C解析 推理判断题。根据第五段第二句可知,老师认为该项目的成功归功于Stewart的努力和愿意将项目从头到尾贯彻到底的毅力。结合上文,从Stewart确定该项目后开始选址到联系当地企业和说服校方可以判断,Stewart是一个有决心的人。7.C解析 主旨大意题。通读全文可知,文章第二段为全文的主题段;全文围绕这一主题,讲述

45、了16岁的学生Stewart为减少碳足迹,利用太阳能为学校的实验室供电。【语篇导读】本文是说明文。文章主要讲述了华盛顿大学的John Marzluff博士通过面具实验发现乌鸦时隔多年之后仍能识别自己的敌人和朋友。8.B解析 细节理解题。根据第二段和第三段的内容可知,John Marzluff 博士和他的学生之前戴着野人面具敲打过乌鸦,试图检测乌鸦是否能记得他们,当他发现同一批乌鸦袭击他时,他认为自己的实验成功了,于是笑了。9.A解析 词义猜测题。根据第一段尾句、第二段尾句和第三段前两句可知,画线词指的就是前面描述的乌鸦的行为,故A项“行为方式”与画线词的意思最为接近。10.A解析 推理判断题。

46、根据第二段中的“But when the same humans walked.dived at their enemies”和最后一段中的“Crows also recognize people who are kind to them”可知,乌鸦很聪明也善于观察;再根据第三段中的“At first,only the banded birds.more and more crows joined in”可知,乌鸦是群体性的动物,社交性较强。11.D解析 细节理解题。根据第四段中的“the scientists found that.a different part of its brain

47、lit up”可知,乌鸦在面对不同任务时,大脑的不同区域在起作用。【破解长难句】Then he worked with scientists at the university who scan animal brains to see which parts of a crows brain do certain tasks.【分析】本句为复合句,who scan animal brains 为定语从句;动词不定式to see 作目的状语;which parts of a crows brain do certain tasks为宾语从句,作see的宾语。【译文】然后,他与大学里的科学家们一

48、起工作,科学家们扫描乌鸦的大脑,看看乌鸦大脑的哪些部分可以完成特定的任务。【语篇导读】本文是议论文。文章讨论了人们是否应该担心塑料微粒可能对健康产生影响,作者通过两位教授的观点论证了人们目前没有必要害怕,但是为了环境我们可以选择尽量少用塑料制品。12.A解析 细节理解题。根据第一段第一句和第二段最后一句可知,塑料制品在被加热时会释放塑料微粒,所以温度是塑料微粒释放的因素。13.B解析 词义猜测题。根据第一段中的“We still dont have enough evidence.by infants or adults”以及第二段中的“The last thing we want to do

49、”可知,我们还没有找到足够的证据证明塑料微粒会对婴儿或成人的健康造成威胁,所以此处表示我们最不想做的事情是让父母过度担心。14.B解析 推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Schwabl,another professor.higher temperatures”可知,他认为有必要进行更多的相关研究,可见他非常关心塑料微粒问题。15.D解析 推理判断题。文章第一段引出是否应该担心塑料微粒的问题,接着第二段谈到教授John Boland的建议及一些研究人员的结论,第三段提到另一个教授Schwabl的看法和一些研究结论,故本篇文章主要是通过对比研究结论来展开的。.【语篇导读】本文是说明文。在高中培养很强的

50、学习技能是很重要的,这样你才能在毕业后为后续教育或培训做好准备。本文介绍了养成好的学习习惯的几种方法。1.B解析 根据下文“By repeating them,you will create.improved learning and grades”中的关键词repeating以及下文提到的几个习惯可知,此处应与重复以下学习习惯有关。2.E解析 根据设空位置可知,此处需要一个祈使句,再由“Update it as the term goes on”中的it判断,此处it可能指代学期日历,且E项中的term与此句中的term对应。3.A解析 根据上文的“Develop a calm attitu

51、de”以及下文的“Nobody learns anything straight away”可知,没有人能马上学到任何东西,A项适合此处。4.D解析 根据上文的“set small achievable study goals and reward yourself for reaching them”可知,接下来可能会说这样做的目的是什么,故D项符合语境,此处表示:这有助于你保持动力和感到积极。5.G解析 根据下文的“If youre not a good thinker,start now by developing habits”可知,该空说的应是好的思考者的做法,再结合选项和常识可知,答案应为G项。