江苏省宿迁市马陵中学高三英语复习学案： 主谓一致.doc

1、主谓一致 学习目标； 主谓一致 指主语和谓语在人称和数上必须保持一致。三大原则 语法上一致 意义上一致 就近原则1语法上一致The number of errors _ (be)surprising.Jane and Mary _(look) alike.主语为单数形式，谓语动词用单数形式，主语为复数形式，谓语动词用复数形式。2意义上一致The family _(be )watching TV at home .The news _(be )very exciting. 主语的形式虽为单数，但意义为复数，谓语动词用复数，形单意复的单词如：people , police, cattle. 主语形

2、式为复数，意义却为单数，谓语动词用单数，形复意单的如：works ,news 和一些以ies结尾的学科名称 physics , polities，maths3就近原则Either your students or Mr Wang _ (know)this .Not only the students but also their teacher _ (have ) seen the film. 谓语动词的单复数的形式取决于最靠近它的词语。如用连词or , either or , neither nor , not only but also 等连接的并列主语，若一个是单数，一个是复数，则谓语动

3、词与靠近它的词语一致。具体注意要点一.名词做主语1. 某些集体名词，如family ,team 等做主语时，若当一个整体看，谓语动词就用单数，若就其中一个一个成员来看，谓语动词就用复数，class , club, audience ,committee , crowd , government , party, public , team 等。其中population 的用法也类似His family _(be) going to have a long journey. They whole family _(be) having lunch. The population of China

4、 _(be)very large ,and eighty percent of the population in China _(be) farmer. 2.某些集体名词，people ,police ,cattle 等只当是复数看待，谓语须用复数.The police _(be) searching for him. 3. 单复数同形的词语做主语，谓语应根据意义决定其单复数的形式。A sheep _(be )over there .Some sheep _(be ) over there .4. 有些名词复数形式作为一个整体，（如度量，距离，金额，时间，书名等）其谓语动词用单数。Three

5、 weeks _(be ) not enough to finish the work .1000dollars _(be ) a large amount of money. 5. 名词所有格之后的名词被省略（这种情况一般纸商，工场，住宅等），这时，动词一般用单数。常见的有：the baker s, the barber s , the Zhang s等。 注意：表示店铺的名词做主语时，谓语常用复数。The doctors _(be ) on the side of the street .My uncles _(be ) not far from here .Richardson s _(

6、have) a lot of imported goods to sell. 6. 单数名词被more than one , many a 修饰，概念上是复数，但中心词是单数，谓语须用单数。注意“more +复数名词+than one”结构之后，谓语多用复数。More than one student _(have ) seen the film .Many a man _(have ) tried it before .More members than one _(be ) against your plan.7.由两部分构成的表示工具或衣物的名词做主语的时，谓语常用复数，glasses,

7、 clothes, trousers, shoes, compasses, chopsticks, scissors 等，但当主语用a pair of , a series of , a set of +名词时，谓语都用单数。These clothes _ (be) my brothers.A pair of shoes _(be) on the desk.8.this kind of +单数名词 this kind of +复数名词 单数名词+of this kind these kinds of +复数名词 复数名词+ of these kindsThis kind of man _ (b

8、e) dangerous.Men of these kind _(be) dangerous.9. 若名词词组中心词是all, most , half , rest,等词语时，若所指的是复数意义，谓语就用复数，反之就用单数。All of my classmates _ (work) hard .All of the water _ (be) gone.10. 复数形式的单复数同形的名词，如，works, Chinese, Japanese, 做单数意义解的时，谓语用单数，反之用复数。This glass works _ (be) set up in 1982.These glass works

9、 _(be) near the railway station.11.在主谓倒装句中，谓语动词的数应与其后的主语一致。Out _ (rush) a boy .Between the two windows _(hang) a picture.12.不定代词each , every , no所修饰的名词，即使以逗号或连接成多主语时，谓语仍用单数。Each boy and each girl _(want) to serve the people in the future.由连词连接的名词做主语 用and或 bothand 连接并列主语，谓语用复数。注意：若并列主语表示同一概念，指同一人或同一概

10、念时，谓语用单数。 Plastics and rubber never _ (rot) .To love and to be loved _ (be) the great happiness.The girls teacher and friend _(be) a young doctors.Bread and butter a knife and forkSalt and water a needle and threadIron and steel2.主语后接as well as , as much as , no less than , along with, with, like ,

11、rather than , together with, but , except, besides, including , in addition to , 等引导的词组时，其谓语的单复数按主语的单复数来定。The teacher as well as the students _(be) excided.Nobody but some students _(be) here.The teacher besides the students also _(go) to see the film.3.以or , either or , neither nor , not only but a

12、lso 等连接的名词或代词做主语时，谓语动词的单复数应按照就近原则。Either you or he _(be) to go .Not only he but also I _(be) wrong .代词做主语1.名词性物主代词做主语时，谓语的形式取决于它所代替的是单数还是复数。Ours _(be) a great Party .Your shoes are black , mine _(be) brown .2. Such , the same 起指示代词作用时，应根据其所指的内容来决定单复数。Such _(be ) our plan. Such _(be) his words .3.不定代

13、词any , some, more , either, neither , none , all, 等做主语时，有以下的两种情况: 单独做主语时，视其意思而定。 “不定代词+of +不可数名词”， 谓语用单数，“不定代词+of +复数名词或代词”， 谓语动词用单复数均可，neither , either 单独做主语时，谓语常用单数。Now all _(have) been changed.All _(be) presents.None of the meat _(be) fresh.None of them _ (have) seen the film.Neither _(be) satisf

14、actory.分数，量数做主语1.“分数或百分数+名词”，“a lot of (lots of , plenty of , a large quantity of , half of )+名词”做主语时，若其中的名词为复数可数名词，谓语用复数，若是不可数名词，谓语用单数。Lots of damage_(be) caused by fire.Three fifths of the workers here_(be) women.A number of students _(have) read the novel.The number of pages in this book _(be) tw

15、o hundred.2. “large quantities of +可数或不可数名词”做主语时，谓语一般用复数。Quantities of food(nuts) _(be) on the table.3. “a great deal of (a large amount of )+不可数名词”做主语时， 谓语常用单数，“large amounts of +不可数名词”做主语时， 谓语常用复数。A great deal of damage _(be) done in a very short time.Large amounts of money _(be) spent on the brid

16、ge.3.“one and a half +复数名词做主语时，谓语用单数。One and a half bananas _(be) left on the table.4. Half of (part of )+ 名词做主语时，若名词为单数可数名词或不可数名词，谓语用单数，若名词为复数名词，谓语用复数。Half of the task _(be) easier.Half of the people _(be) still alive.名词化的形容词做主语“the +形容词（或过去分词）做主语时，谓语常用复数，这类结构常有：the blind , the old , the rich , the

17、 young , the wounded, the sick等。但有少数的过去分词与定冠词连用时指个别，这时，谓语用单数。The old _(be) taken care of here.The departed_(be) a well-known engineer.从句做主语一般有特殊疑问词引导的主语从句，谓语用单数，但由what 引导时，当它代表的具体内容是单数，谓语就用单数，反之，就用复数。What we need _(be) more time.What we need _(be) more teachers.This is one of the most interesting qu

18、estions that _(have) been asked.She was the only one of the girls who _(be) late for the meeting.历年高考题1The university estimates that living expenses for international students _ around $8,450 a year, which _ a burden for some of them.A. are；isB. are；areC. is；areD. is；is2. Generally, students inner m

19、otivation with high expectations from others essential to their development.A. is B. are C. was D. were3. A library with five thousand books_ to the nation as a gift. A. is offered B. has offered C. are offered D. have offered4. Not only I but also Jane and Mary _ tired of having one examination aft

20、er another. A. is B. are C. am D. be5. All but one _ here just now. A. is B.was C. has been D. were6. On the wall_ two large portraits. A. hangs B. hang C. hanged D. hanging 7. “News of victories _ pouring in as our army advances,” the company commander said. A. keep B. keeps C. kept D. have kept 8.

21、 There _ a lot of milk in the bottle. A. are B. is C. were D. has 9. Zhangs family _ rather big, with twelve people in all. A. is B. are C. being D. was 10. Nobody but Jane _ the secret. A. know B. knows C. have known D. is known 11All but one _ here just now. A. is B. was C. has been D. were 12. A

22、library with five thousand books _ to the nation as a gift. A. is offered B. has offered C. are offered D. have offered 13Not only I but also Jane and Mary _ tired of having one exam after another. A. is B. are C. am D. be 14. The number of people invited _ fifty, but a number of them _ absent for different reasons. A. were; was B. was; was C. was; were D. were; were 15. When and where to build the new factory _ yet. A. is not decided B. are not decided C. has not decided D. have not decided