Module 2 Unit 2、Unit 3 知识点详解-外研版八年级下册英语.doc

1、外研版英语八（下）Module 2 Experiences知识点详解Unit 2 They have seen the Pyramids.(A2).【知识点再现】Mike Robinson is a fifteen-year-old American boy and his sister Clare is fourteen. 迈克罗宾森是一个15岁的美国男孩，他的妹妹克莱尔14岁。【知识点1】fifteen-year-old是合成形容词，意为“15岁的”，其构成为“基数词-名词单数-形容词”，其中的名词必须用单数形式，合成形容词只能放在名词前做定语，不能作表语。如：Mr. Liu has a

2、five-year-old son. 刘先生有一个五岁的儿子。There is a 10-metre-wide river in my home town. 我的家乡有一条10米宽的河。【拓展】“基数词-名词单数”也是合成形容词，只能作定语；“基数词+years old”,意为“岁的”，只能作表语。如：Well have a three-day holiday. 我们将有一个3天长的假期。/ The boy is 5 years old this year. 这个男孩今年5岁。(A2).【知识点再现】At the moment, Mike and Clare are in Cairo in E

3、gypt, one of the biggest and busiest cities in Africa. 现在，迈克和克莱尔正在埃及开罗非洲最大、最繁华的城市之一。【知识点2】at the moment意为“此刻，现在”，相当于now。如：I have nothing to do at the moment. 我现在无事可做。【拓展】at this moment意为“就在这时”；at that moment意为“就在那时”。【知识点3】“one of+the+形容词的最高级+名词的复数”意为“最之一”，此结构在句中作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。如：One of my classmates

4、is from America. 我的一个同学来自美国。The Yangtze River is one of the longest rivers in the world. 长江是世界上最长的的河流之一。(A2).【知识点再现】They moved here with their parents two years ago. 两年前他们和他们的父母搬到了这儿。【知识点4】move to someplace意为“搬到某地”，当地点为副词时，省略介词to。如：They moved to Beijing last year. 他们去年搬到了北京。/ The Smith moved here in

5、 2,000. 史密斯一家人2, 000年搬到这儿。(A2).【知识点再现】 and it has sent Peter to work in Germany, France and China before. 公司以前把彼特派往德国、法国和中国工作过。【知识点5】send sb. to do sth. 意为“派遣某人去做某事”。send是动词，意为“派遣去；命令去”。China send many people to work in Africa every year. 每年中国派遣许多人去非洲工作。【拓展】send还有“寄出；发送”之意。send sb. sth.=send sth. to

6、 sb.，意为“送给某人某物”。Jim sent me a book on my twelfth birthday. 在我的十二岁生日吉姆送我一本书。send后接“信件、电报”等时，意为“寄/发送”。Mary usually sends letters in the morning. 玛丽通常在早上寄信。send for 意为“派人去叫/请”。如：You should send for a doctor. 你应当派人去请医生。(A2).【知识点再现】The Robinsons love seeing the world. 罗宾森一家喜欢到世界各地旅游。【知识点6】The Robinsons 意

7、为“罗宾森一家”。“the+姓氏复数”表示“一家人”或“夫妇两人”，其作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。如：The Smiths live in London. 史密斯一家人住在伦敦。/ The Whites came to see me yesterday. 怀特夫妇昨天来看望我。(A2).【知识点再现】They have been to many interesting places. 他们曾经去过许多有趣的地方。【知识点7】【辨析】have/has been to，have/has gone to与have/has been in/on/at的用法辨析：“have/has been to+地

8、点名词”意为“已经/曾经去过某地”(人现在已经回来了)，表示一种经历，后可接表示次数的词（如once, twice, three times等），表示“去过某地几次”，也可与just, never, ever等连用。如：I have been to the Great Wall. 我曾经去过长城。Peter has been to Shanghai three times. 皮特曾经去过上海三次。“have/has gone to+地点名词”意为“已经去某地了”(人可能已经到了那里，也可能还在路上，但不在说话的地方，一般用于第三人称)。如：- Where is Ann? 安在哪里？ - She

9、 has gone to Beijing. 她去北京了。Mr. Green isnt in. He has gone to Shanghai. 格林先生不在家, 他去了上海。“have/has been in/on/at+地点名词”意为“待在某地”，表示状态，可与表示一段时间的状语连用。如：- How long have you been in China? 你在中国待多久了？- Ive been here since five years ago. 自从五年前以来我就待在这儿。(A2).【知识点再现】For example, in Egypt, they have seen the Pyra

10、mids例如，埃及，他们已经看过了金字塔【知识点8】【辨析】for example与such as的用法辨析：for example意为“例如”。一般用于列举同一类人或事物中的一个例子，位置灵活，可位于句首、句中或句末，与被列举事物之间用逗号隔开。如： I like fruit, for example, I often eat bananas in the evening. 我喜欢水果，例如，我经常在晚上吃香蕉。such as意为“例如”。一般用于列举同一类人或事物中的几个例子，但必须少于前面所提及的总数，位置只能在所列举的名词或动名词之前，之间无标点符号。如： He knows sever

11、al languages, such as English and Chinese. 他懂几种语言，如英语和汉语。(A2).【知识点再现】This language is different from English in many ways. 这种语言在很多方面都和英语不同。【知识点9】be different from意为“与不同”，与be the same as(与相同)意思相反。如：Life in future will be different from life today. 在未来的生活将会与今天的生活不同。【知识点10】in many ways意为“在许多方面”。如：In ma

12、ny ways, they do better than us. 他们在许多方面做得比我们好。We can consider the problem in many ways. 我们可以从多方面来考虑这些问题。(A2).【知识点再现】They find it hard to spell and pronounce the words. 他们发现拼写和发音很困难。【知识点11】find it hard to do sth. 意为“发现做某事是难的”。在find it+形容词+(for sb.) to do sth.句型中，it是形式宾语，真正的宾语是后面的动词不定式to do sth.。如：I

13、find it boring to watch TV all the time. 我发现一直看电视很无聊。I find it hard to go up that high mountain. 我发现爬上那座高山很难。【拓展】类似句型结构还有：make it+形容词+(for sb.) to do sth. 意为“使(某人)做某事怎么样”。如：Spaceships make it possible to travel to the moon. 宇宙飞船使得去月球旅行成为可能。think it+形容词+(for sb.) to do sth. 意为“认为(某人)做某事怎么样”。如：I think

14、 it important to learn maths well. 我认为学好数学是重要的。(A2).【知识点再现】However, they still enjoy learning it. 但是他们仍然喜欢学阿拉伯语。 【知识点12】however是副词，意为“然而；但是”，表示转折，不与but连用，一般情况下however位于句首时，其后加逗号；当它位于句中时，其前后都要加逗号；当它位于句末时，其前要加逗号。如：It rained suddenly. However, it became clear soon. 天突然下起了雨，然而一会儿就放晴了。He was feeling bad.

15、 He went to work, however. 他感觉不舒服，但他仍然去上班了。【知识点13】enjoyed doing sth. 意为“喜欢做某事”。enjoy是动词，意为“欣赏；享受；喜爱”，后接名词、代词或动名词形式作宾语；enjoy后面可接反身代词(oneself)，构成固定搭配enjoy oneself，意为“过得愉快、玩得高兴”，相当于have a good time。如：Do you enjoy the film? 你喜欢这部电影吗？/ Alice doesnt enjoy it. 爱丽斯不喜欢它。Children enjoy playing basketball or f

16、ootball afternoon. 放学后孩子们喜欢打篮球或踢足球。- Did you enjoy yourself at the party? 你在聚会时玩得高兴吗？- I enjoyed myself very much at the party. 我在聚会时玩得真开心。(A2).【知识点再现】So far they have learnt to speak German, French, Chinese and Arabic. 到目前为止，他们已经学会说德语、法语、汉语和阿拉伯语了。【知识点14】so far=up to now=until now=till now意为“迄今，到目前为

17、止”，常用于现在完成时，位于句首或句末。如：Mike has read five famous books so far. 到目前为止迈克已经读了五本名著。So far weve planted more than 2, 000 trees. 到目前为止，我们已经种了2000多棵树。(A2).【知识点再现】Sometimes they mix the languages. 有时候他们会混用这些语言。【知识点15】mix动词，意为“混合；与相混合”。常用短语：mix up意为“把拌匀”；mixand/with意为“把与相混合；把和混和在一起”。如：She mixed up flour and w

18、ater. 她把水和面粉拌匀。We can sometimes mix business with pleasure. 我们有时可以把工作和娱乐结合起来。If you mix blue and/with yellow, you get green. 如果你把蓝色和黄色相混合，你得到绿色。(A2).【知识点再现】The company has asked Peter to work in the US. 公司已经叫皮特回美国工作。【知识点16】ask sb. (not) to do sth. 意为“要求/ 让某人(不)做某事”，不定式(not) to do sth.在句中作宾语补足语。类似的不定

19、式结构作宾语补足语的还有：need sb. to do sth. 需要某人做某事；want sb. to do sth. 想要某人做某事；tell sb. to do sth. 告诉某人做某事；warn sb. to do sth. 警告某人做某事；advise sb. to do sth. 建议某人做某事。如：Tom asked his mother to wake him up at seven oclock. 汤姆叫他妈妈在七点钟叫醒他。I told them to wait for me at the bus stop. 我告诉他们在公共汽车站等我。The doctor advised

20、 him to give up smoking. 医生建议他戒烟。【拓展】ask sb. about sth. 意为“向某人询问有关某事”；ask sb. for sth. 意为“向某人要某物”。如：Tom asked me about the homework. 汤姆问我作业。/ I asked Tom for a book. 我向汤姆要一本书。(A2).【知识点再现】They have friends all over the world, but they also miss their friends in the US. 他们在世界各地都有朋友，但是他们也想念他们在美国的朋友。【知识

21、点17】all over the world意为“世界各地”，相当于all around the world或throughout the world。如：There are our friends all over the world. 世界各地都有我们的朋友。【知识点18】miss作动词，意为“思念；怀念；想念；惦念”。 如：Dave misses his grandparents very much. 大卫非常想念他的爷爷奶奶。【拓展】miss 作动词，还有“错过；没做到”之意，其后接动词时，应用动名词形式。如：The thief missed being caught yesterda

22、y. 那小偷昨天没能被抓住。Because of getting up late, I missed taking the flight. 因为起床晚了，所以我错过了班机。(A2).【知识点再现】They are counting down the days. 他们正在倒计时。【知识点19】count可作及物动词或不及物动词，意为“数；清点；计算”。count down 意为“倒数，倒计时”。如：Can you count from one to ten in French? 你能用法语从1数到10吗？(不及物动词)He put all the money in his bag without

23、 counting it. 他数也没数就把钱全放进了包里。(及物动词)We are counting down the days until the end of this semester. 我们正在进行期末倒计时。People are counting down the seconds to the beginning of a new year. 人们正在倒数秒数，准备迎接新的一年的开始。(A2).【知识点再现】Are they looking forward to going home? 他们期盼回家吗？【知识点20】look forward to意为“盼望；期待”，其中to为介词，后

24、跟名词、代词或动名词形式。如：Were looking forward to the holidays. 我们盼望着放假。/ I look forward to seeing you again. 我期待着再见到你。Unit 3 Language in use(A4).【知识点再现】Im having a wonderful time in Beijing. 我在北京玩得开心。【知识点1】have a wonderful time意为“玩得开心/高兴；过得愉快”，其中wonderful可用nice/good/great/pleased/glad等代替。与enjoy oneself或have f

25、un意思相近。如：I had a wonderful time in London. 我在伦敦过得愉快。We had a good time in the park yesterday. 昨天我们在公园里玩得高兴。(A5).【知识点再现】Alice can pronounce very well, and whats more, she can write beautiful. 爱丽丝的发音很好，而且书写也很漂亮。【知识点2】whats more意为“而且”，用来表示递进关系。如：Mary is good at singing, and whats more she dances well.

26、玛丽擅长唱歌，而且舞也跳得好。(A8).【知识点再现】Call out to find out more! 今天打电话来了解更多信息！【知识点3】【辨析】find out，find，look for，discover与invent的用法辨析：find out意为“查明；弄清楚”，强调经过一番努力的探索、观察、询问、调查、推理等努力才查明结果。如：I will try and find out who broke the computer. 我会尽力查明是谁把电脑弄坏了。find意为“发现；找到”，指经过寻找后得到或重新获得已失去的东西，强调动作的结果。如：I looked for it eve

27、rywhere but I couldnt find it. 我到处找了可就是找不到它。look for意为“寻找”，是有目的的“找”，强调“找”的动作过程。如：Im looking for my pen, but I cant find it. 我正在找我的钢笔，但找不到。discover意为“发现”，指发现本来存在，但以前未为人知或未被发现的事物、真理或情况。如：Columbus is the first European who discovered America. 哥伦布是第一个发现美洲大陆的欧洲人。invent意为“发明”，用来指创造前所未有的东西。如：Edison invente

28、d the electric light bulb. 爱迪生发明了电灯泡。(A8).【知识点再现】Do you love nature and want to keep forests safe? 你喜欢大自然并且想保护森林安全吗？【知识点4】“keep sb./sth.+形容词”意为“使/让某人/物保持某种状态”，形容词作宾语补足语。如：We must keep the river clean. 我们必须保持河水干净。/ These gloves will keep your hands warm. 这种手套保暖好。【拓展】除keep外，make，find等动词后也常接形容词作宾补。如：We

29、 all found the book interesting. 我们都发现这本书有趣。/ We all found the game boring. 我们都发现这个游戏很枯燥。(A8).【知识点再现】The world needs more treesbuy one today 这个世界需要更多的树今天买一颗【知识点5】【辨析】one, it与that的用法辨析：one 所替代的是前面提到的同类事物，但不是同一件(同类异物、可数)，表示“泛指”；它只能代替可数名词，其复数形式是ones。如：I have a new bag and some old ones. 我有一个新包和几个旧包。(不定

30、)I cant find my hat. I think I must buy one. 我找不到我的帽子了。我想我该去买一顶。(不定)it 所替代的，与前面的名词是同一事物(同类同物)；它常替代限定词the, this, that 和形容词性物主代词所修饰的单数名词，表示“特指”。其复数形式是they。如：I want to ride your bike. Lend it to me, please. 我想骑你的自行车，请把它借给我。(同一物)I cant find my hat. I dont know where I put it. 我找不到我的帽子。我不知道我把它放在哪了。(同一物)t

31、hat只指物，不指人，可替代可数名词或不可数名词，具有“特指”性质。指同类事物中的另一样东西，即同类异物。如：The hat you bought is bigger than that I bought. (同类但不同个) 你买的那顶帽子比我买的大。The library of our school is bigger than that of yours. 我们学校的图书馆比你们学校的大。(that代替的是另一个图书馆。)(A8).【知识点再现】The Grow-a Forest gift is part of an exciting plan to make our world gree

32、ner, and every gift helps to protect our world. 这份名为“种一片森林”的礼物是一项令人激动的计划的一部分，这项计划旨在为我们的世界增添一份绿色，每一份礼物都有益于保护我们的世界。【知识点6】make在这里用作使役动词，意为“使得；叫；让”，make后常常跟形容词作宾补，即“make+宾语+形容词”。如：He often makes me happy. 他常常使得我开心。【拓展】make还可以跟省略to的动词不定式作宾补，构成短语make sb. do sth.“让某人做某事”，make sb. do sth.在变为被动语态时，不定式符号要还原，即

33、be made to do sth.。如：The good news made him feel happy. 这个好消息让他感到很高兴。【知识点7】protect是动词，意为“保护；保卫”，其后可接名词或代词作宾语，它的名词为protection。还可以构成短语“protect sb./sth. from/against”，意为“保护/防止某人/某物不受(伤害)”。如： You should learn to protect yourself. 你应该学会保护自己。They are fighting to protect their country. 他们在为保卫祖国而战。Physical exercise can protect you from heart disease. 体育锻炼可以预防心脏病。We usually wear sunglasses to protect our eyes from the sunlight. 我们通常戴墨镜来保护眼睛不受阳光的伤害。