Module 6 Unit 2、Unit 3 知识点详解-外研版八年级下册英语.doc

1、外研版英语八（下）Module 6 Hobbies知识点详解Unit 2 Hobbies can make you grow as a person.(A3).【知识点再现】Many students have hobbies, such as reading, painting, growing vegetables and looking after animals. 很多学生有爱好，比喻阅读、绘画、种菜和照看动物。【知识点1】【辨析】such as，like与for example的用法辨析：such as 意为“比如，例如”，常列举同类人或物中的几个例子，不能穷尽，可和and so o

2、n连用，可分开使用suchas，可和like互换。如：The shop is selling many things, such as school things, food and toys. 那个商店买许多东西，比如，学习用品，食物和玩具。He learns many subjects, such as English, math and Chinese. 他学习好多科目，比如，英语，数学和语文。China has many big cities, such as Beijing, Shanghai, Shenzhen and so on.=China has many such big

3、cities as Beijing, Shanghai, Shenzhen and so on. 中国有许多大城市，比如北京、上海、深圳等等。like介词，意为“像；例如”，表示列举，相当于such as。如：Mr. Li keeps animals, like dogs, pigs and sheep, on the farm. 李先生在农场养像狗、猪和绵羊之类的动物。Some warm-blooded animals, like the cat, the dog or the wolf do not need to hibernate. 有些热血动物，像猫、狗、狼不需要冬眠。for exa

4、mple意为“比如，例如”，一般只举同类人或物中的“一个”为例，作插入语，用逗号隔开，可置于句首、句中、句末。如：For example，air is invisible. 例如，空气是看不见的。Noise, for example, is a kind of pollution. 举例说明，噪音就是一种污染。Many people here, for example, John, would rather have coffee. 这里有许多人，例如约翰很喜欢喝咖啡。【知识点2】look after=take care of 意为“照顾，照看”。如：His parents was out,

5、so he has to look after his little sister at home. 他的父母外出了，所以他必须在家照看他的小妹妹。Jim often looks after her little sister when his mum was busy. 吉姆常常照顾她妹妹当他妈妈忙的时候。(A3).【知识点再现】Some hobbies are relaxing and others are active. 有些爱好是令人轻松的，另一些是活跃的。【知识点3】someothers意为“一些，另一些”。其中others是代词，意为“另一些（人或物）”如： Some flower

6、s are red, the others are pink. 一些花是红色的，另一些花是粉色的。【辨析】another，other，the other，others 与the others的用法辨析：another既可作形容词，也可作代词，只能用于三个或更多的人或物，泛指同类事物中的三者或三者以上的“另一个”，只能代替或修饰单数可数名词。如：You can see another ship in the sea, cant you? 在海上你可以看见另一艘船，不是吗？（形容词）I dont like this one. Please show me another. 我不喜欢这一个，请给我看

7、看另一个。（代词）other是形容词，意为“别的，其他的”，常用来修饰可数名词复数。other前有冠词the即可与单数名词连用，any other后也要跟单数名词。如：She doesnt like other skirts. 她不喜欢别的短裙。He is taller than any other student in his class. 他比班上任何别的学生都高。the other：单独使用，表示两者中的“另一个”，此时的other作代词，常与one构成短语：onethe other意为“一个，另一个”。此外，the other后也可接单数名词或复数名词，此时的other作形容词，特指其

8、他的人或物。如：Mary is much taller than the other girls. 玛丽比其他的女孩高得多。 On the other side of the street, there is a tall tree. 在街道的另一边，有一棵大树。He has two brothers. One is 10 years old , the other is 5 years old. 他有两个兄弟，一个10岁，另一个5岁。others是代词，意为“另外几个，其余的”，相当于“other+复数名词”，用于已知的一些人或物中，除去某些后余下的人或物中的一部分。在句中可作主语、宾语。常

9、与some构成短语：someothers意为“一些，另一些”。如：Some went to the cinema, others went swimming. 一些人去看电影，另一些人去游泳。This coat is too large. Show me some others, please. 这件外衣太大了，给我看另外一些外衣。the others相当于“the other+复数名词”，表示特指一定范围内的“其他的人或物的全部”。如：Two boys will go to the zoo, and the others will stay at home. 两个男孩将去动物园，其余的留在家

10、里。In our class only Tom is English, the others are Chinese. 在我们班里只有Tom是英国人，其他的都是中国人。(A3).【知识点再现】Hobbies can make you grow as a person, develop your interests and help you learn new skills. 爱好能够促进你的成长，激发你的兴趣，还能帮助你学习新的技能。【知识点4】make you grow意为“使你成长”，make sb. do sth. 意为“使/让某人做某事”，是不带to的不定式作宾语补足语。如：He ma

11、de the little boy cry. 他使得那个小男孩哭了起来。They made me repeat the story. 他们让我又把那故事讲了一遍。【拓展】后可接不带to的动词不定式作宾补的词有感官动词see，hear，look at，watch，feel 和使役动词let，have，make等。除了不带to的不定式作宾补外，形容词和名词也可以用作宾补。make sb.+adj. (形容词作宾补) 如：Listening to music can make me happy. 听音乐可以使我快乐。make sb.+ n. (名词作宾补) 如：We make him our mon

12、itor. 我们选他当班长。【知识点5】develop ones interests 意为“发展某人的兴趣”。develop 意为“发展，提高”。如：The course can help you develop your speaking skills. 这门课程可以帮助你提高口语表达能力。【知识点6】help sb. (to) do sth. 意为“帮助某人做某事”，(to) do sth.在句中作宾补；help sb. with sth. 意为“在某方面帮助某人”。两者可互换。如：I often help him cook the meal. I often help him with

13、the meal. 我经常帮他做饭。I often help him (to) learn English. I often help him with his English. 我经常帮助他学英语。(A3).【知识点再现】As well as the usual activities, such as sailing and climbing, there was a writing class. 除了像驾驶帆船、爬山等常见的活动外，还有一个写作研习班。【知识点7】as well as是并列连词，意为“除之外；也；还；既，又；不但，而且”，可连接名词、动名词、形容词、动词、介词等两个并列的成

14、分，强调的是前者。如：He grows flowers as well as vegetables. 他既种花也种菜。We all want to visit Beijing as well as Shanghai. 我们除了想去北京以外，还想去上海。She is a talented musician as well as being a photographer. 她不仅是摄影师还是个天才的音乐家。【拓展】as well as 连接两个并列成分作主语时，谓语动词的数与前一主语保持一致，强调的是前者。如：He as well as his friends likes playing foot

15、ball. 他和他的朋友喜欢踢足球。Your English teacher as well as your classmates is coming to see you. 不仅你的同学们，而且你的英语老师也要来看你。【辨析】as well as 与 not only , but also的用法辨析：A as well as B 强调A，“不但B，而且A”。如：The teacher as well as the students is coming to see you. 老师以及学生们要来看你。Jennifer can sing as well as dance. (强调唱歌）珍妮弗不但

16、会跳舞，也会唱歌。not only A but also B 强调B，“不但A，而且B”。如：Not only the teacher but also the students are coming to see you. 不仅老师，而且学生也来看你。Jennifer can not only sing but also dance. (强调跳舞）珍妮弗不但会唱歌，也会跳舞。(A3).【知识点再现】Then she encouraged us to write about our experiences at the camp. 然后她鼓励我们写在营地中的经历。【知识点8】encourage

17、 sb. to do sth. 意为“鼓励某人去做某事”。动词不定式to do sth. 作宾补。如：His parents often encourage him to study hard. 他的父母经常鼓励他努力学习。My father always encouraged me to speak aloud in front of people. 我父亲总是鼓励我在人们面前大声说话。(A3).【知识点再现】Back at school, David wrote a story about the life of a sixteen-year-old boy, and it came ou

18、t as a book in 2012. 回到学校后，大卫以一个16岁男孩的生活为题材写了一个故事，并与2012年成书出版。【知识点9】come out 意为“出版，发行”。还表示“显露；出现；(秘密等)传出；结果是”等。如：At last the truth came out. 真相终于大白了。The answer to the question came out wrong. 这道题的答案结果是错的。The book came out at his early age. 这本书在他年龄还小的时候就出版了。(A3).【知识点再现】Many young people love his book

19、, and as a result, David has become a successful young writer. 许多年轻人喜欢他的书，因此大卫成为一名成功的作家。【知识点10】as a result意为“结果，因此”，它常位于句首，有时也位于句中，后面用逗号隔开，表示后面的句子所表达的与前面的句子所表达的构成因果关系，前面是因，后面是果 。as a result of意为“因为；由于”，后跟名词或名词短语。如：Susan got up late this morning. As a result, she missed the first bus. 苏珊今天早上起晚了，结果她没赶

20、上头班车。He studied hard last term and as a result, he passed the final exam. 上学期他学习很努力，因此，她通过了期末考试。They were late as a result of the snow. 由于下雪的原因，他们迟到了。【拓展】so意为“因此；所以”，它表示结果，既可以放在句首，也可以放在句中，位于句中时，其前常有逗号，其后不用逗号隔开。如：He studied hard last term, so he passed the final exam. 上学期他学习很努力，因此，他通过了期末考试。【知识点11】suc

21、cessful是形容词，意为“成功的”。success是名词（既可做可数名词也可做不可数名词），意为“成功”。successfully是副词，意为“成功地”。succeed是动词，意为“成功”。如：The movie was a great success. 这部电影很成功。Failure is the mother of success. 失败乃成功之母。If you really want to be a successful musician, just go for it! 如果你真的想成为一个成功的音乐家，那就去争取吧！Tom was operated successfully by

22、 the doctor. 医生给汤姆做的手术很成功。They succeeded in swimming across the river. 他们成功地游过了这条河。(A3).【知识点再现】David has been very lucky because his hobby has brought him pleasure and success. 大卫很幸运，因为他的爱好给他带来了愉悦和成功。【知识点12】【辨析】pleasure，pleased , pleasant, please，pleasing与的用法辨析：pleasure是名词，意为“愉快，快乐”时，是不可数名词；当意为“高兴的事

23、，乐事”时，为可数名词。如：I get a lot of pleasure from listening to music. 听音乐使我得到许多乐趣。Reading is one of my greatest pleasures. 阅读是我最高兴做的事情之一。pleased 是描述人的感情的形容词，意为“对高兴或满意的”，在句中一般作表语，句子的主语只能是“人”，其后接at ding sth, with sth，也可以使用不定式或that从句。如：Ill be pleased to lend you the book. 我很高兴借给你那本书。He is very pleased with th

24、e progress we are making. 他对我们工作的进展很满意。pleasant作定语时意思是令人高兴的，令人愉快的，修饰事物，不能修饰人；作表语时意思是使人感到高兴(愉快)，句子的主语只能是表示事物的词语；侧重客观地、总体地描述事物。如：The weather is pleasant. 这种天气令人愉快。We spent a very pleasant evening. 我们度过了一个愉快的夜晚。 please是动词，表示“使高兴（满意，愉快）”“高兴，愉快”等。如：You cant please everybody. 你不可能让每个人都满意。pleasing意思是“令人高兴的

25、”、“令人满意的”， 用作表语和定语，说明某物。如：The food is pleasing to my taste. 这饭菜正合我的口味。(A3).【知识点再现】He is also interested in many other things. 他对许多其他东西也很感兴趣。【知识点13】【辨析】interested，interesting与interest的用法辨析：interested意为“（人）感兴趣的”，是以-ed结尾的形容词，用来修饰人。常见搭配“be/become/get interested in 意为“对感兴趣”，后接名词、代词或动名词。如：Womenarealwaysin

26、terestedinfashions. 女人总对时装很感兴趣。I was interested in dancing. 我对跳舞很感兴趣。interesting意为“令人感兴趣的；有趣的”， 是以-ing结尾的形容词，可用作表语或定语，说明事物本身有令人感兴趣的成分，所以常常修饰事物。如：This book is very interesting so Im interested in it. 这本书很有趣，所以我对它很感兴趣。interest可用作名词，意为“兴趣”，常见搭配：take/show an interest in 对感兴趣；lose interest in对失去兴趣；with i

27、nterest有兴趣地，兴致勃勃地。interest也可以作动词，意为“使感兴趣”。如：Her main interest are music and tennis. 她的主要爱好是音乐和网球。Geography doesnt interest him. 地理引不起他的兴趣。I take/show much interest in sports. 我对体育运动很感兴趣.I lost interest in maths last term. 上学期我对数学失去了兴趣。I read this book with interest. 我饶有兴趣地读这本书。(A3).【知识点再现】“I like pl

28、aying volleyball too,” . “我也喜欢打排球”【知识点14】当play后接表示球类的名词时，该名词前不能有任何冠词；当play后接表示乐器的名词时，需要在该名词前加上定冠词the。如：play the piano 弹钢琴；play the flute 吹笛子；play baseball打棒球；play football踢足球(A3).【知识点再现】 I spend some of my free time playing volleyball for my school team. 我花费我的一些空闲时间为我的校队打排球。【知识点15】spend 是动词，意为“花费(时间

29、/金钱)”，常用于以下两种结构：spend+时间/金钱+(in) doing sth. 意为“花费时间或金钱做某事”，介词in可以省略。如：He spent much money buying the new car. 他买那辆新车花了许多钱。I spend one hour (in) reading every evening. 我每天晚上花一个小时看书。spend+时间/金钱+on sth. 意为“在某方面花费时间或金钱”。如：He spends much time on his homework every day. 他每天在他的作业上花许多时间。(A3).【知识点再现】 Maybe I

30、ll write about my volleyball team in my future book. 也许在将来我的书中我会写一写我的排球队。【知识点16】【辨析】maybe 与 may be的用法辨析：maybe是副词，意思是“也许；大概”，在句中作状语，相当于perhaps，常位于句首，表示推测。如：Maybe he is a student. 也许他是一个学生。Maybe you are right.=You may be right. 你可能是对的。在may be中，may是情态动词，be 是动词原形，两者构成完整的谓语形式，与表语形成系表结构，意为“也许是；可能是”。如：Jim

31、may be angry. 吉姆可能生气了。He may be a student. 他可能是一个学生。Unit 3 Language in use(A1).【知识点再现】In my spare time, I read. 在我的空闲时间里，我读书。【知识点1】in ones spare time意为“在某人的空闲时间里”，相当于in ones free time。其中spare是形容词，意为“空闲的；多余的”。如：What do you do in your spare time? 在空闲时间你做什么事？(A7).【知识点再现】The best thing was seeing fish a

32、nd other sea animals swimming close to the boat. 最好的事情是看到鱼和其他海洋动物在船附件游泳。【知识点2】【辨析】see sb. doing sth. 与see sb. do sth.的用法辨析：see sb. doing sth. 意为“看见某人在做某事”，强调动作正在进行，是现在分词形式作宾补。如：I saw her cleaning the classroom. 我看到她正在扫打教室。I saw a monkey eating bananas. 我看见一只猴子正在吃香蕉。see sb. do sth. 意为“看见某人做过某事”，强调动作自

33、始至终的全过程，是省略to的动词不定式作宾补。如：I saw her go into the classroom. 我看见她走进了教室。 I saw them get on the bus. 我看见他们上了公共汽车。(A7).【知识点再现】I run out of chocolate! 我吃光了巧克力。【知识点3】run out of意为“用完；用尽”，是及物动词短语，表示主动含义，主语一般是人，相当于use up。如： Were running out of money. 我快用光钱了。We have run out of paper. 我们已经用完了纸。【拓展】run out意为“用完；用

34、尽”，是不及物动词短语，主语一般是时间、金钱、食物等的名词或代词。如： My money has run out. 我的钱已经用完了。(A7).【知识点再现】Seb has sailed boats since he was very young and started to get ready for this journey when he was only twelve. 塞巴从很小的时候就开始驾船航行，他在只有12岁的时候就开始为这次航行做准备了。【知识点4】get/be ready for “为做好准备”；其中get强调动作，be强调状态。如：Mrs. Green is gettin

35、g her kids ready for school. 格林太太正在为她的孩子做好上学的准备。Ill have an early night and be ready for tomorrow. 我今晚要早点休息，为明天做好准备。【拓展】be ready to do sth. 意为“准备好了去做某事；乐于做某事”。如：I am ready to go. 我随时都可以走了。（做好了走的准备）Tom is always ready to help others. 汤姆总是乐于助人。(Around the world).【知识点再现】They not only enjoy the weekend,

36、 but also learn a lot about life in the old days. 他们不但享受了周末，而且了解到许多有关过去的生活方面的知识。【知识点5】not onlybut also意为“不但/仅而且”，表示递进，连接两个并列的句子成分，also可省略。如：She can speak not only English but also Japanese. 她不仅会说英语，还会说日语。Mike is not only handsome but clever. 迈克不仅帅气，而且聪明。【拓展】not onlybut also连接两个并列成分作主语时，谓语动词的数与邻近的主语一致（即就近原则）。如：Not only Mary but also Peter is good at playing the piano. 不但玛丽，而且彼得也擅长弹钢琴。Not only the students but also their teacher is enjoying the film. 不仅学生们在欣赏这部影片，他们的老师也在欣赏这部影片。