2022高考英语北师大版一轮总复习学案：专题十二　构词法 WORD版含解析.docx

1、专题十二构词法核心考点课堂突破高考感悟单句填空1.(2020全国卷)Landing on the moons far side is (extreme) challenging.2.(2020全国卷)Chinese New Year is a (celebrate) marking the end of the winter season and the beginning of spring.3.(2020全国卷)The (beauty) long branches covered with pink-colored buds (蓓蕾) make fantastic decorations.

2、4.(2020全国卷) (certain) during the holiday period, this plant is a must.5.(2020全国卷)Filled with (curious), the artist packed his bags and left.6.(2020全国卷)As the small boat moved (gentle) along the river,he was left speechless by the mountains being silently reflected in the water.7.(2020新高考全国卷)Historic

3、al (accurate) is important but so is entertainment.8.(2020北京卷)Oliver says if youre (luck) enough to have someone close to you who enjoys cooking,ask them if you can join in when its possible.9.(2018全国卷) Running is cheap,easy and its always (energy).10.The best education should not be available only

4、to (wealth) people.考点归纳考点一构词法的种类构词法合成法合成名词weekend,cowboy,sunlight合成形容词part-time,first-class,good-looking合成副词someday,anywhere,however其他合成词somebody,safeguard,without转化法名词形容词light光线/轻的right右边/对的名词动词taste味道/尝dress连衣裙/穿衣动词形容词open打开/开着的clean打扫/干净的形容词副词late晚的/迟到hard艰苦的/努力地派生法前缀disable,impossible,nonstop,di

5、sability,disadvantage,disagreement后缀changeable,childhood,friendship缩略法混成法breakfast+lunchbrunch截短法laboratorylab首字母缩略法Gross Domestic ProductGDP考点二合成法合成法就是由两个或更多的词合成一个词。词与词之间有的用连字符“-”连接,有的直接连写在一起,还有的分开写。1.合成名词合成方式例词n.+n.weekend周末woman doctor女医生seafood 海鲜boyfriend男朋友police officer 警官cowboy牛仔mooncake月饼su

6、nlight阳光chairman主席续表合成方式例词n.+v.-ingstory-telling讲故事handwriting 书法sightseeing 观光shoe-making 鞋子制作n.+v.sunrise日出haircut理发toothpick牙签daybreak破晓v.-ing+n.washing machine洗衣机writing desk写字桌running water自来水reading room阅览室v.+n.cookbook食谱playground操场typewriter打字机adj.+n.supermarket超市blackboard 黑板greenhouse温室fre

7、eway高速公路n.+in+n.editor-in-chief总编father-in-law岳父,公公mother-in-law岳母,婆婆其他output产量looker-on旁观者income收入get-together聚会breakfast早餐2.合成形容词合成方式例词n.+过去分词snow-covered被雪覆盖的man-made人造的n.+v.-ingpeace-loving爱好和平的paper-making造纸的Chinese-speaking讲汉语的adj.+n.part-time兼职的full-time全职的n.+adj.ice-cool处变不惊的snow-white雪白的wor

8、ldwide世界范围的lifelong终生的grass-green草绿的num.+n.second-hand二手的first-class一流的num.+n.+adj.five-year-old五岁的200-meter-long 200米长的adj.+n.+-edwarm-hearted热心的kind-hearted好心的middle-aged中年的adj.+v.-ingordinary-looking相貌平平的good-looking好看的easy-going随和的其他well-known著名的ten-storeyed 10层的face-to-face面对面的3.合成副词合成方式例词adj.+

9、n.someday某天sometime某个时间adv.+n.overhead在头上downstairs在楼下indoors在室内outdoors在户外adj.+adv.anywhere任何地方somewhere某处其他maybe可能however然而4.其他合成词合成方式例词合成代词somebody某个人everything一切everybody每个人anyone任何人续表合成方式例词合成动词overwork加班oversleep睡过头safeguard保护,捍卫whitewash粉刷overhear偷听合成介词inside在里面outside在外面within在范围内without没有thr

10、oughout遍及考点三转化法转化法就是一个单词由一种词性转化为另一种词性而词形不变。转化方法例词n.adj.final决赛/最后的light光线/轻的right右边/对的n.v.doubt疑问/怀疑taste味道/尝dress连衣裙/穿衣hand手/递watch手表/观看smell气味/闻book书/预订v.adj.close关上/近的open打开/开着的slow变慢/慢的clean打扫/干净的wrong不公正(或不诚实)对待/错误的narrow使变窄/狭窄的adj.adv.late晚的/迟到enough足够的/足够地hard艰苦的/努力地考点四派生法派生法就是由一个词根加上前缀或后缀构成另

11、一个词。1.前缀派生形式例词auto-autobiography自传automobile汽车automaker汽车制造商dis-disable使失去能力disadvantage缺点disagree不同意en-enable使能够enact制定法律enrich使丰富fore-forearm前臂forecast预报forebear祖先im-impossible不可能的impolite不礼貌的impatient不耐烦的in-inactive不活跃的incorrect不正确的incomplete不完全的kilo-kilogram千克kilometer千米mis-mistake错误mislead误导mis

12、treat虐待misuse误用multi-multimedia多媒体multinational跨国的,多民族的multi-coloured多种颜色的non-nonsmoker非吸烟者nonstop不停的nonsense无意义的话续表派生形式例词over-overweight超重的overcoat外套overboard在船外overdo做得过分re-return返回,返还review复习reuse重新使用reunite使再结合tele-telegram电报telephone电话telescope望远镜television电视un-unsafe不安全的unsatisfied不满意的unsocial

13、非社会的unfair不公平的2.后缀派生形式例词-aryrevolutionary革命的imaginary想象中的-ousglorious辉煌的joyous快乐的famous著名的religious 宗教的-iveattractive有吸引力的talkative健谈的sensitive敏感的-lyhappily快乐地strangely奇怪地gently轻轻地extremely极度地truly真实地-ward(s)backward(s)向后homeward(s)向家eastward(s)往东-wiseclockwise顺时针方向的-alcultural文化的personal个人的regional

14、区域性的musical音乐的-oractor演员professor教授-erengineer工程师driver司机teacher老师-essactress女演员poetess女诗人hostess女主人-mentmovement移动pavement人行道astonishment 惊讶puzzlement 迷惑disappointment 失望argument 辩论,论据-nesshappiness快乐selfishness自私kindness友好-tyrapidity迅速activity活动-eseChinese中国人/汉语Japanese日本人/日语-anAmerican美国的/人Austra

15、lian澳大利亚的/人-istpianist钢琴家socialist社会主义者-ianmusician音乐家Asian亚洲的/人-ifybeautify美化simplify简化-enwiden加宽shorten缩短lengthen加长-edexcited兴奋的interested感兴趣的tired疲倦的-ingfeeling感情exciting令人兴奋的building建筑物-domfreedom自由wisdom智慧kingdom王国-thtruth真相warmth温暖width宽度续表派生形式例词-teenfourteen十四sixteen 十六-cyfluency 流利privacy 隐私

16、;私密accuracy精确efficiency 效率,功效-yrainy多雨的wealthy 富裕的sunny 晴朗的-ure/-turefailure 失败,没做到pressure 压力mixture 混合,混合物departure离开,出发-alarrival到达survival 幸存approval 同意burial 埋葬续表派生形式例词-ance/-enceappearance 出现,外貌guidance 指引,指导performance 表演,节目existence 存在,生存preference 偏爱reference 参考,查阅-domfreedom 自由,自主wisdom 明智

17、;智慧-y-ty-ityhonesty 诚实difficulty 困难cruelty 残酷,残暴safety 安全disability 无能,伤残responsibility 责任专项训练巩固提升.单句填空1.People with disabilities are now doing many things to (rich) their lives.2.It is your (free) to do what you want after class.3.After a long and heated discussion,the final (agree) was arrived at

18、in the end.4.The Chinese people are very (friend) to foreigners.5.They were the kind that I did not have in my (collect) so I placed them carefully in my bag.6.I was supposed to arrive at the airport on time.(fortunate),I was held up by the heavy traffic jam.7.Ron had a (success) career and worked f

19、or the company before retiring and leading a relaxed life.8.Excessive dosage(剂量) of this drug can result in (injure) to the liver.9.But Jane knew from past experience that her (choose) of ties hardly ever pleased her father.10.(obvious),the story is not true,but the festival is interesting.单句改错1.Do

20、you know the different between the two words?2.We hope you children grow happily and healthy.3.At the beginner of the class,Mr Tang told us a funny story.4.The old lady looked angry at me.5.Our government is doing something useful to solve the environment problems.6.Its really possible for a child o

21、f one to take care of himself.7.Jack is an excellent scientist.He comes from German.8.Fortunate,I have just got enough money to buy the new CDs.9.John looks at his watch from time to time.Why is he so unpatient?10.Having a hot bath after work can make you feel relaxing.语法填空Writing keeps us in touch

22、with other people.We write to communicate with 1. (relate) and friends.With computers and Internet 2. (connect) in many families,schools,and companies,people are e-mailing others all the time,or talking to them by 3. (write) in online chat rooms.It is 4. (cheap) than calling long 5. (distant).Studen

23、ts are e-mailing their 6. (teach) to receive and discuss their classroom tasks and to turn them in.They are e-mailing classmates to discuss their homework.They are also sharing 7. (inform) about concerts and sports events,as well as jokes and their 8. (day) life.Despite the growing 9. (important)of

24、computers,however,there are some people who keep writing 10. (person) letters.Because they believe that a hand-written note to a friend or a family member is the best way to communicate important thoughts.短文改错My English teacher Mrs Zhang is a good teacher in my mind.She loves us and treat us as her

25、own child.Patient and responsible,she is always ready to help anyone poorly in English and encourage them to catch up the others.And she is happy whenever we make a progress.She loves English and really enjoys teaching.Learn a foreign language may be boring but it becomes interested in Mrs Zhangs cl

26、ass.She has a way to make her class lively and sometimes full of humorous.She aims to help improve her ability in listening,speaking,writing and reading.The results were impressive.专题十二构词法核心考点课堂突破高考感悟1.extremely2.celebration3.beautiful4.Certainly5.curiosity6.gently7.accuracy8.lucky9.energetic10.weal

27、thy专项训练巩固提升.1.enrich2.freedom3.agreement4.friendly5.collection6.Unfortunately7.successful8.injury9.choice10.Obviously.1.differentdifference2.healthyhealthily3.beginnerbeginning4.angryangrily5.environmentenvironmental6.possibleimpossible7.GermanGermany8.FortunateFortunately9.unpatientimpatient10.relaxingrelaxed.1.relatives2.connections3.writing4.cheaper5.distance6.teachers7.information8.daily9.importance10.personal.My English teacher Mrs.Zhang is a good teacher in my mind.She loves us and