高中英语（新人教版必修1）课件：UNIT 5 NELSON MANDEL--A MODERN HERO（共109张PPT）.ppt

1、Unit 5Nelson Mandelaa modern hero1quality n质量；性质；品质vt.意思是；意味着；打算2mean adj.吝啬的；自私的；卑鄙的3devote vt.献身；专心于4found vt.建立；建设5vote vt.&vi.投票；选举n投票；选票；表决6attack vt.&n进攻；攻击；抨击7equal adj.相等的；平等的nC(地位等)相同的人；相等的事物vt.等于；比得上，敌得过8willing adj.乐意的；自愿的9escape vi.&vt.逃脱；逃走；泄露10educate vt.教育；训练11reward n报酬；奖金vt.酬劳；奖赏1qu

2、ality n质量；性质；品质例句The quality of service in this restaurant has improved alot.这个饭店的服务质量已经有了很大改善。搭配be of good/bad/poor quality 质量好/差be of high/low quality 优质/劣质be of average quality 普通质量first-class quality/first-rate quality 头等质量quality certificate 品质证明书注意quantity n量；数量in quantity 大量的a(large/great)qua

3、ntity of/(large/great)quantities of 大量的(修饰可数和不可数名词，谓语动词的数由 quantity 的单复数决定)运用完成句子(1)我们应该改进我们的生活品质。We should improve_.(2)谦虚是他的美德之一。Modesty is one of_.(3)一只松鼠把大量的坚果贮藏在树里面。A squirrel hides _ nutsinside trees.the quality of our livinghis good qualitiesa large quantity of/large quantities of2mean adj.吝啬的

4、；自私的；卑鄙的 vt.意思是；意味着；打算例句Hi,Tom,dont be too mean.嗨，汤姆，不要太吝啬。I meant to give you this book today,but I forgot.我本来打算今天给你这本书，可是我忘了。Revolution means liberating the productive forces.革命就是为了解放生产力。派生means n方式；手段(单复数形式相同)meaning n意思；含义；意义；重要性搭配be mean about/over sth.对某物吝啬mean to do sth.打算做某事mean doing sth.意味

5、着做某事by means of 用的办法by all means 一定；尽一切办法by no means 决不by any means 无论如何运用完成句子(1)起床晚了意味着赶不上早班车。Getting up late_.(2)我打算去国外，什么也阻止不了我。I _and nothing will stop me.(3)你务必在他去新加坡之前提醒他。You should _ remind him before he leaves forSingapore.(4)她的丈夫在金钱上很吝啬。Her husband_ money.means missing the early busmean to

6、go abroadby all meansis very mean about/over3devote vt.(与 to 连用)献身；专心于例句She devotes most of her free time to playing tennis.她把大部分业余时间用来打网球。派生to 连用)搭配devotion n深爱，热爱(与 for 连用)；忠实，专心(与devote oneself/ones life(time/money/energy)to(doing)sth.把献给；把用在上be devoted to(doing)sth.专心致志于；忠于运用完成句子(1)尽管上班的妈妈很忙，但她还

7、是把很多时间用在孩子身上。Although the working mother is very busy,she still_her children.(2)他是一个意志坚强的人，一直致力于他的科学研究。He is a person with great determination,who_ hisscientific research.devotes alot of time tois devoted to4vote vt.&vi.投票；选举n投票；选票；表决例句The young under 18 cannot vote in the nationalelection.18 岁以下的青少

8、年不能在国家大选中投票。I suggested putting the matter to vote.我建议对此事投票表决。搭配vote for/against 投票赞成/反对cast ones vote for 投票take/hold a vote on 就进行投票表决运用完成句子(1)她投票赞成共产党。She _the Communist Party.(2)我们开会的目的是就这个问题进行表决。We had a meeting in order to_the issue.voted for/cast her vote fortake/hold a vote on5equal adj.相等的；

9、平等的nC(地位等)相同的人；相等的事物例句vt.等于；比得上，敌得过Everybody has an equal chance.人人机会均等。In spelling she had no equal.在拼写方面她没有对手。No one equals him in strength.论力气，无人能和他相比。派生搭配equality n相等；平等；均等；(数)等式be equal to sth./doing sth.胜任某事divide/cut sth.into equal parts 把某物分成等份be on equal terms with sb.与某人地位平等运用完成句子(1)这项任务需要

10、思维敏捷，但约翰胜任得了。The task took quick thinking,but John_.(2)不管是容貌还是舞艺我们都比不上她。None of us can _either in beauty or as a dancer.(3)四加五等于九。Four and five_.(4)论智力，他和他哥哥不相上下。Hes _his brother as far as intelligence is concerned.(5)妇女们要求同工同酬。Women demand _for_.was equal to itequal herequals ninethe equal ofequal

11、payequal work6willing adj.乐意的；自愿的(作表语或定语)例句I dont know whether he is willing to come.我不知道他是否愿意来。派生will aux.v.将会；愿意n意志；遗嘱搭配be willing to do sth.乐意去做某事be unwilling to do sth.不愿意/勉强做某事against ones will 违背某人的意愿a strong will 坚强的意志at will 随心所欲运用完成句子(1)我们愿意在互利互惠的原则下同各国发展经济关系。We _ develop economic relations

12、 with allcountries on the basis of mutual benefits.(2)我相信他会来的。I believe he_.(3)他有击败对手的坚强意志。He had_ to beat his opponent.are willing towill comea strong will7escape vi.&vt.逃脱；逃走；泄露例句To my surprise,he could escape from that big fire.令我惊讶的是，他能够从那场大火里逃脱出来。搭配 escape from 从里逃出来(后接名词、动词-ing 形式)escape doing

13、 sth.逃脱做某事运用完成句子(1)那个男孩终于从燃烧的房子里逃了出来。That boy managed _the burning building.(2)小偷跑得很快，警察没能抓到他。The thief ran very fast and_ by the police.to escape fromescaped being caught8reward n报酬；奖金vt.酬劳；奖赏例句She offered a reward of$2,000 for information abouther missing son.她悬赏 2000 美元寻找她丢失的儿子的下落。How can I rewar

14、d your kindness?我怎样才能报答你的好心呢？搭配reward sb.with sth.用某物奖赏某人reward sb.for(doing)sth.因(干)某事奖赏某人give sb.rewards for.因对某人进行奖赏be given a medal as a reward for.因而获得一枚奖章offer a reward of 悬赏注意词 of。运用表示奖赏的原因用介词 for；表示具体奖赏多少用介完成句子(1)他因为有功而获得一枚奖章。He was given a medal_ his service.(2)如果你英语学得好，我们会奖励你一次免费的国外游。If yo

15、u do well in English,well_ a free tripabroad.as a reward forreward you with用本单元所学单词及用法完成下列句子1很难聘请到高素质的教师。Its difficult to recruit teachers_.2优胜者将获得去英国旅游的奖赏。Winners will _a trip to England.3你打算身无分文就走吗？Do you _without money?4他将一生奉献给稀有动物的保护工作。He _the protection of the rare animals.5所有的人生来都是平等的。All men

16、are created_.of high qualitybe rewarded withmean to godevotes his whole life toequal6据报道说这种疾病破坏中枢神经系统。It is reported that this disease _the central nervoussystem.7勉强孩子做事不是教育孩子的办法。It is not the way_ a child by making him do thingsagainst his will.8他到处旅游以解烦闷。He traveled extensively to _boredom.9他愿意到偏远

17、地区帮助那里的农民。He_ go to the remote areas and help the farmers there.10人们投票反对亨利。People _Henry.attacksto educateescape fromis willing tovoted against1out of work 失业2turn to 求助于；致力于；转向3set up 设立；建立1out of work 失业例句He must face up to the reality of being out of work.他必须正视失业这一现实。拓展out of breath 上气不接下气out of

18、control 失去控制out of business 破产out of order 次序颠倒；发生故障out of use 不被使用；废弃out of balance 失去平衡out of date 过时out of touch 失去联系；不熟悉的out of question 毫无疑问out of the question 不可能out of patience 不耐烦运用用 out of 相关短语的适当形式填空(1)The machine went _because of improper use.(2)When a number of species are extinguished(消

19、 失),theentire ecology is said to be_.(3)It is _that I will write to you.(4)I would like to go back to teaching but Im_ withmy subject now.(5)He has been_ for two years and has no money tosupport his family now.out of orderout of balanceout of questionout of touchout of work2turn to 求助于；致力于；转向例句I tri

20、ed to stand on my own two feet rather than turn tomy parents.我设法自立而不求助于我的父母。Follow the main road until it branches,and then turn to theright.顺着这条大路走，在路的分岔口向右拐。拓展turn away 不让进入；把脸转开turn down 调低(温度、音量等)；拒绝turn up 调高(温度、音量等)；露面，出现turn off 关掉(开关等)turn on 打开(开关等)turn out(to be)最后结果是turn over 翻身；翻转运用用 tur

21、n 相关短语的适当形式填空(1)We invited her to dinner but she didnt even bother to_.(2)How can you_ from a soldier who was wounded?(3)She petitioned(请求)her neighbor to_ the radiobecause her baby was sleeping.(4)If it_ wet,we may have to change our plans.(5)We can_ him for help.turn upturn awayturn downturns outt

22、urn to3set up 设立；建立例句A fund will be set up for the dead mens families.抚恤死难工人家属基金会即将建立起来。拓展set about 开始；着手做set aside 把置于一旁；留住set back 使受挫折；把(钟表)往回拨set down 记下；写下set off 出发；动身set out 出发；开始(做)set to 开始认真做运用完成句子(1)他十岁时开始学英文。He _learning English at the age of 10.(2)你为什么不把你的想法写到纸上呢？Why dont you_your ideas

23、_ on paper?(3)新政府于战后成立了。A new government _after the war.(4)你打算明天几点钟启程？What time are you planning to_ tomorrow?(5)我们不必顾及个人感情。Lets _our personal feelings.set aboutsetdownwas set upset off/outset aside用本单元所学短语及用法完成下列句子1据报道，那个谋杀犯上星期被判处死刑。It is reported that the murderer _ lastweek.2纳尔逊曼德拉一生都在努力为黑人争取平等的权

24、利。Nelson Mandela worked harder and harder all his life to win_the black.3这个下岗职工失业将近半年了，还没有找到一份工作。The laid-off worker has been _for nearly half a yearand he still hasnt found a job.was sentenced to deathequal rights forout of work4这所中学成立 100 周年了。The middle school_ 100 years ago.5我们被鼓励去帮助那些陷入困境的人们。We

25、are encouraged to give a hand to those who are_.6你有能力去做好这份工作，我们都相信你。You have the ability to do the job well.All of us _you.7他没有失去信心；相反，他更加努力地工作去达到他的目标。He didnt_.Instead,he worked even harder to reachhis goal.8如果你遇到了困难，可以向你的老师求助。If you are in trouble,you can _your teacher for help.was set upin troubl

26、ebelieve inlose heartturn to原句 1.only then did we decide to answer violence withviolence.直到那时我们才决定以暴力反抗暴力。精讲当 only 修饰状语(从句)位于句首时，主句采用部分倒装结构，即将助动词、情态动词或系动词提到主语前。精练根据中文提示，完成下列句子(1)他只有靠大声喊才能使河对岸的人们听到他的声音。Only by shouting _make people on theother side of the river hear him.(2)在 1949 年战争结束之后，他才返回了家乡。Only

27、 when the war was over in 1949_home.was he able to/could hedid he return/get back原句 2He taught us during the lunch breaks and theevenings when we should have been asleep.在午餐的休息时间和晚上本应该是我们睡觉的时候，他教我们。精讲should have done 表示“应该做某事而实际上并没有做”。其否定形式表示“本不应该做某事而实际上做了”。精练根据中文提示，完成下列句子(1)在晚上本应该写作业的时候汤姆总是看电视。Tom

28、always watches TV in the evening when he_.(2)当时莉莉哭了，我本来不应该对她如此严厉。Lily cried at that time and I_.should havedone his homeworkshouldnt have been so strict with her运用所学语言基础知识，补充完整下面短文，并背诵之Tom was an active boy and(1)_(拥有好品质)But now his family was(2)_(陷入困境)because hisparents were(3)_(失 业)So he was worri

29、ed that hisfamily would be unable to pay his school fees.However,Tom didnt(4)_(失 去 信 心)and was willing to make his ownmoney.One day,a man asked Tom to help him(5)_(对付；与作斗争)Jack.Although Tom was full of fear and knew itwould break the law,he agreed in order to realize his dream ofhad good qualitiesin

30、 troubleout of worklose heartfight againstmaking some money.(6)_(事实上),Tom not onlyfought with violence,but also(7)_(炸毁)Jacks house.As aresult,Tom was put in prison and(8)_(被 判 处)fiveyears of hard labor.As a matter of fact blew upsentenced to听说考试“模仿朗读”备考指导(一)考生往往觉得“模仿朗读”是听说考试三个部分中最容易的，但是这部分也是最能测试考生的口

31、语基本功的。下面我们将谈谈如何更好地掌握模仿朗读的技巧，练好英语口语的基本功。1发音到位在口语中，最重要的是让对方获取自己表达的信息，所以发音正确非常关键。因此，练习发音到位很重要，因为这是影响英语口语最基本的一个环节。很多同学在发音时，只是把音发出来，并没有真正到位。要真正做到发音到位，关键是嘴型要到位。现以长音/i：/和短音/I/为例来说明。发长音/i：/的单词有 flee,see,sea,tea,sheep,bee,me 等。这个音是前元音，是字母 ea,ee,ie 或 ei 在单词中的发音。其发音要领是发音时舌尖抵下齿，舌前部尽量抬高，口形扁平。发短音/I/的单词有 lift,vill

32、age,English,ship 等。该音也是前元音，是字母 i 或 y 在重读闭音中的发音。它是一个短元音，故发此音要短促而轻快。发音的要领是舌尖抵下齿，舌前部抬高，舌两侧抵上齿两侧，口形扁平。我们平时可以通过一些绕口令锻炼自己的发音，如：Tims team was licked by the leaking roof.Pip and Pete shipped the sheep ships cheaply.基本句型四主语及物动词间接宾语直接宾语此句型的句子有一个共同特点：谓语动词必须跟有两个宾语才能表达完整的意思。这两个宾语一个是动作的直接承受者，另一个是动作的间接承受者。这种句型中作间接

33、宾语的常常指“人”，直接宾语常常指“物”。如：Yesterday her father bought her a bicycle as a birthday present.昨天她父亲给她买了一辆自行车作为生日礼物。The old man is telling the children stories in the Long March.老人正在给孩子们讲长征中的故事。这种句型还可转换为其他两种句型：(1)及物动词宾语for sb.；(2)及物动词宾语to sb.。如：Please show me your picture.Please show your picture to me.请把你的

34、画给我看一下。Ill offer you a good chance as long as you dont lose heart.Ill offer a good chance for you as long as you dont lose heart.只要你不失去信心，我会给你提供机会的。注意：1间接宾语后置与 for 连用的动词有 buy,make,cook,get,choose,sing,find 等。2间接宾语后置与 to 连用的动词有 give,lend,teach,take,return,send,pass 等。3间接宾语后置既可与 for 也可与 to 连用的动词有 do,l

35、eave,write,bring 等。4若直接宾语是人称代词，通常情况下将其置于间接宾语之前。如：误：Please give my mother them.正：Please give them to my mother.Unit 5 Nelson Mandela a modern hero校报英文栏目就“自行车出行的优点和缺点”为主题进行征文。请根据以下内容写一篇英语短文。优点缺点你的观点短程旅行很便；可以锻炼身体；对环境有利。大街上缺乏专用通道；下雨时麻烦；容易被盗。尽量多地使用；增加停放点。【写作内容】【写作要求】只能用5句话表达全部内容。Bicycles are extremely co

36、nvenient for short journeys and riding your bike is a good exercise.Whats more,it is environmentally friendly because it causes no pollution.However,there are few bicycle lanes on the main street and you may be caught in a sudden rain.Whats worse,bicycle theft is so common that you cant find a safe

37、place to park them.As far as I am concerned,we should ride our bicycles as often aspossible and the government should build more parking spots.1.n.质量；品质；性质2.adj.吝啬的；自私的；卑鄙的3.adj.积极的；活跃的4.adj.慷慨的；大方的5.adj.无私的；忘我的6.vt.献身；专心于7.n.投票；表决 v.投票；选举_ _ _ _ _ _qualitymeanactivegenerousselflessdevotevote8.vt.进攻

38、；抨击；攻击9.n.暴力；暴行10.adj.平等的；相等的11.adj.不公平的；不公正的12.vi.逃走；泄露；逃脱13.vt.教育；训练14.vi.请求；乞求_ _ _ _ _ _attackviolence equalunfairescapeeducate beg16.n.恐怖；恐怖活动17.n.报酬；奖金 vt.酬劳；奖赏18.vt.判决；宣判19.n.总统；会长；校长20.n.意见；看法；主张_ _ _ _ _terrorreward sentencepresidentopinion1.事实上2.使充气；爆炸3.求助于；致力于4.当权；上台5.建立；设立6.处在困境/麻烦中7.丧失勇

39、气或信心_ _ _ _ _ _ _as a matter of factblow upturn to come to powerset upin trouble lose heart_ _ _ _ _8.担心9.失业10.把投入监狱11.被判处(徒刑)12.犯法worry aboutout of work putinto prisonbe sentenced tobreak the law1.It was in 1952 and Mandela was the black lawyer _ I went for advice.2.He was generous with his time,_

40、I was grateful.3.However,this was a time _ one had got to have a passbook to live in Johannesburg.4.only then _ we _(decide)to answer violence with violence.to whomfor which whendiddecide1.quality nU&C 质量，品质，特征Customers prefer buying superior quality products at a reasonable price.顾客喜欢购买物美价廉的产品。qual

41、ify vt.使(某人)具有资格qualified adj.称职的，合格的qualification n.资格，资历根据汉语意思，完成英文句子(1)质量对于一个企业来说是非常重要的。_ means a lot to a business.(2)如今，老师们更注重素质教育。Nowadays,teachers pay more attention to _.Qualityquality education(3)他是粗鲁了一点，但还是有许多优秀品质。He has many _ despite his apparent rudeness.good qualities2.devote vt.献身；专心于

42、Ive decided to devote myself to the nation after finishing my study.我已经决定学成后报效祖国。devoted adj.忠实的；深爱的devotion n挚爱；关爱；关照devote oneself/ones energy/time/attention to(doing)sth.奉献于；献身于用所给词的正确形式填空(1)她是一位贤妻良母。She is a good wife and a _(devote)mother.(2)我们被他们的献身精神深深感动。We were deeply moved by their _(devote

43、)devoteddevotion(3)他把毕生精力都奉献在做科学研究上。He devoted his whole life to _(do)scientific research.doing3.active adj.积极的，灵活的，活跃的He is still active in his profession after retirement.退休后他还活跃在自己的工作岗位上。action n.行为，做法activity n.活动actor/actress n.男/女演员be active in 在方面活跃，积极参加take an active part in 积极参加根据汉语意思，完成英文句

44、子(1)虽然他已70多岁了，但他依然做事灵活。Over seventy as he is,he _.(2)我无法判断这是不是一座活火山。I cant tell whether it is _.is still activean active volcano(3)军队要支持和积极参加国家建设。The army should _national construction.support and take an active part in4.continue v.继续，持续，延续We will continue to expand the number of students in higher

45、education.我们会继续扩大高等教育的学生数量。continuen.继续 continueto do/doing sth.继续做某事continuewith sth.继续根据汉语意思，完成英文句子(1)在不断的噪音中我们无法继续工作。We cant _ with all that noise going on.(2)这游戏他们还要持续一个小时。They will _ for another hour.continue to work/workingcontinue(with)the game5.reward n.报酬；奖金 vt.奖赏，报酬We should reward them ge

46、nerously for their hard work.他们辛苦了，我们得好好酬劳他们一下。as a reward for 作为对的报酬give/offer a reward to sb.for sth.因某事而给某人奖赏reward sb.with sth.用酬谢某人reward sb.for(doing)sth.为某事而酬谢某人award,reward与prizeaward“奖，奖品”，指正式的或官方颁发、授予、给予的；也可以指法庭裁决给予。reward“报答，报酬，奖赏”，表示由于做了某事而应该得到的东西。prize“奖赏，奖金，奖品”，尤指在比赛中获得的荣誉。.用award,rewa

47、rd,prize 填空(1)The fireman received a _ for saving the childs life.(2)Hundreds of _ can be won in our newspaper competition.(3)The Olympic winner received a gold medal as a(n)_.rewardprizesaward.根据汉语意思，完成英文句子(4)他努力工作希望得到金钱上的报酬。He worked hard in hope of getting _.(5)他们会因所做的努力而得到回报的。They _ what they ha

48、ve done.a financial rewardwill be rewarded for(6)我送给他一本书来答谢他的帮助。I sent him a book _ his help.(7)我该怎样报答你的种种帮助？How can _ all your help?as a reward forI reward you for1.out of work/a job 失业After being out of work for 3 months,I am anxious to start my new job.失业3个月之后，我急切盼望着开始从事一份新工作。at work 在上班 off work

49、 在休班after work 下班后go to work 去上班用以上短语完成句子(1)他是前年失业的，也就是说，他失业已经快两年了。He lost his job the year before last,that is to say,he has been _ for nearly two years.(2)他在工作中出了一次事故。He had an accident_.out of workat work(3)下班后她常常把时间花在看书上。She used to employ herself in reading _.after work2.in trouble 处于困境中，有麻烦My

50、friends didnt desert me when I was in trouble.我朋友在我身处困境的时候没有离弃我。ask for/look for/borrow trouble自找麻烦，自讨苦吃be/get out of trouble 摆脱困境put sb.to the trouble of doing sth.给某人增添做某事的麻烦get into trouble 遇到麻烦make trouble 制造麻烦have trouble(in)doing sth.做某事有困难take great trouble to do sth.不辞劳苦做(1)他乐于帮助那些有困难的人。He i

51、s ready to help those who are_.(2)别带孩子们去度假了，他们老是惹麻烦。Dont take the children on holiday;_.in troublethey are always making trouble(3)你在这里找路难吗？Did you _ your way here?(4)你一定费了很大劲才解出这道数学难题。You _ to work out this maths problem.have any trouble findingmust have taken a lot of trouble3.turn to 求助于，致力于When

52、you are at an impasse some day,please remember I am your friend,whom you can turn to for help.如果有一天你穷途末路了，请记得有我这个朋友。turn against sb.变成和作对turn sb.against sb.闹对立，不再友好turn around/round 转身turn sb.away 不让某人进入，解雇，防止turn back 使原路返回；挡住turn in 拐入；上床睡觉；使自首；上交；取得turn off 关掉；避开，使转变方向；使厌烦turn on 依靠；开启，变得兴奋turn o

53、ut 打扫；驱逐；生产，制造；出席；结果是turn over 打翻，周转，移交给，反复考虑，翻身用适当的介词或副词填空(1)She kept turning _ the events of the day in her mind.(2)Despite our worries,everything turned _ well.(3)Its time to turn _ your papers.overoutin(4)Please turn _ the volume.(5)She turned _ her old friend.(6)I turned _my chair to face the f

54、ire.downagainstround/around 4.lose heart 灰心，丧失信心No matter how complex things are,dont lose heart!哪怕事情再复杂，你也别灰心啊！lose hope 绝望 lose courage 丧失勇气lose face 丢脸；受委屈lose ones way 迷路lose ones heart to 爱上根据汉语意思，完成英文句子(1)面对失败时，不要灰心。Dont _ when you are in face of failure.(2)即使失败他也从没有绝望过。He never _ even when he

55、 fails.lose heartloses hope(3)接二连三的失败并没有使他丧失勇气。The repeated failure did not make him _.lose courage5.set up 设立，创建，建立Originally,the charity was set up to help orphans in urban areas.最开始，这个慈善机构成立的目的是帮助城市里的孤儿。set up与put upset up表“建起，搭建”，还表“成立组织、机构”。put up表“修建，搭起，举起”，但不表组织、机构的建立。根据汉语意思，完成英文句子(1)他们正在筹款为村

56、里的孩子建一所学校。They are collecting money to _for the children in the village.(2)为研究某一专门问题成立了一个委员会。A committee _ to study a particular problem.set up a schoolwas set up(3)谁要有问题，就请举手。Please _ if you have any questions.put up your hand1.I began school at six.The_school_where I studied for only two years was

57、 three kilometresaway.我6岁开始上学，我距离只在那儿学习过两年的学校有3公里远。where引导定语从句，修饰先行词the school。试比较以下句子：(1)This is the school(that/which)I visited last year.这就是我去年去过的那个学校。(2)This is the school where my sister studies.这就是我妹妹上学的那个学校。我们可以得到这样的结论：当表地点的名词在定语从句中作先行词并在从句中作状语时，用where 引导定语从句，如(2)；如果表地点的名词在定语从句中作先行词并在从句中作宾语，则

58、用which 或that，其中which和that 还可以省略，如(1)。用适当的引导词填空我工作的那家公司离我的住处不远。(1)The company _ I work isnt far from my living place.(2)The company _ I work for isnt far from my living place.wherethat/which/不填2.we were put into_a_position_in_which we had either to accept we were less important,or fight the governmen

59、t.我们被置于这样一种境地，或者是被迫承认我们低人一等，或者是与政府作斗争。介词关系代词which在定语从句中充当时间、地点、原因状语，相当于关系副词when,where和why。“介词关系代词”中的介词的选定有两个原则，一是看从句中的动词和哪个介词可以构成固定搭配；二是看从句中需要哪个介词句意才符合逻辑。例如：在办公室,5点半之前我似乎从来都没有时间，而到这个时候许多人都到家了。In the office I never seem to have time until after 5：30,by which many people have got home.(根据句意，用by which，

60、意为“到这个时候”)在漆黑的街上，没有一个人她可以求助。In the dark street,there wasnt a single person to whom she could turn for help.(turn to sb.for help是固定搭配)用适当的介词填空他上学迟到的原因让人难以置信。The reason _ which he was late for school was unbelievable.for句子的扩展，就是在名词前后加上前置或后置定语，在动词、形容词或副词前后加上适当的状语，或增加修饰整个句子的状语，等等。其目的是使结构形式更饱满、内容表达更加清楚、语

61、言表达更生动。练习句子的扩展，有助于循序渐进地实现由句到段的过渡。【例1】对The boy cried.(主语谓语)一句进行扩展，可得到：a.The small boy in_red_sweater cried.(画线部分为定语)b.Losing_sight_of_his_mother,_the small boy in red sweater cried in_the_crowded_street.(画线部分为状语)【例2】对We found the great hall full of students and teachers.(主语谓语宾语补语)一句进行扩展，可得到：a.We foun

62、d the great hall full of students and teachers listening_to_an_important_report.(画线部分为定语)b.We found the great hall full of students and teachers listening to an important report made_by_a_comrade_from_the_Peoples_Daily_on_current_affairs_in_East_Europe.(画线部分为定语)【例3】对People are in favor of this pheno

63、menon.(主语系动词表语)一句进行扩展，可得到：a.A majority of the people (who are)Involvedin the discussion are in favor of this phenomenon.(画线部分为定语)b.A majority of the people(who are)involved in the discussion are in favor of this phenomenon saying that it can create a more comfortable study environment for students.(

64、画线部分为状语)简单句扩展后，增加了可读性，使读者知道了更多的信息，增强了感染力。按要求对下列句子进行拓展1.The woman handed me a magazine.(至少含有一个不定式短语，一个现在分词短语)_In order to help me kill the time,the old woman sitting beside me handed me a magazine to read during the long boring journey.2.Students buy books.(至少含有非谓语动词、介词短语和从句作定语)_The diligent students in our class often buy some books written in English on science,which are really well worth reading.3.Students work.(至少含有非谓语动词、介词短语和从句作状语)_In order to improve their academic performance,students work hard in the classroom so they forget to go out after class.